Dating Persistent Short-Term Human Activity in a Complex Depositional Environment: Late Prehistoric Occupation at Saruq al-Hadid, Dubai

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Weeks ◽  
Charlotte M Cable ◽  
Steven Karacic ◽  
Kristina A Franke ◽  
David M Price ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTThe archaeological site of Saruq al-Hadid, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, presents a long sequence of persistent temporary human occupation on the northern edge of the Rub’ al-Khali desert. The site is located in active dune fields, and evidence for human activity is stratified within a deep sequence of natural dune deposits that reflect complex taphonomic processes of deposition, erosion and reworking. This study presents the results of a program of radiocarbon (14C) and thermoluminescence dating on deposits from Saruq al-Hadid, allied with studies of material remains, which are amalgamated with the results of earlier absolute dating studies provide a robust chronology for the use of the site from the Bronze Age to the Islamic period. The results of the dating program allow the various expressions of human activity at the site—ranging from subsistence activities such as hunting and herding, to multi-community ritual activities and large scale metallurgical extraction—to be better situated chronologically, and thus in relation to current debates regarding the development of late prehistoric and early historic societies in southeastern Arabia.

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1047-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulatović ◽  
Marc Vander Linden

AbstractThis paper reports the first radiocarbon (14C) dates obtained for the Eneolithic/Bronze Age site of Bubanj, Serbia. Despite featuring prominently in the existing typo-chronological schemes for southeastern Europe, the history of research and recent large-scale destruction of the site had prevented so far the acquisition of samples from secure archaeological contexts. We fill this documentary gap by presenting 10 new14C dates, covering the late 5th, 4th, and 3rd millennia cal BC. These dates are compared to the existing documentation from the literature, in order to assess the placement of Bubanj within its wider archaeological context.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 103147
Author(s):  
Jorge Angás ◽  
Manuel Bea ◽  
Sabah Abboud Jasim ◽  
Paula Uribe ◽  
Mercedes Farjas

Quaternary ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Guido S. Mariani ◽  
Italo M. Muntoni ◽  
Andrea Zerboni

Human communities at the transition between the Eneolithic period and the Bronze Age had to rapidly adapt to cultural and climatic changes, which influenced the whole Mediterranean. The exact dynamics involved in this crucial passage are still a matter of discussion. As newer studies have highlighted the key role of climatic fluctuations during this period, their relationship with the human occupation of the landscape are yet to be fully explored. We investigated the infilling of negative structures at the archaeological site of Tegole di Bovino (Apulia, Southern Italy) looking at evidence of the interaction between climate changes and human strategies. The archaeological sedimentary deposits, investigated though geoarchaeological and micromorphological techniques, show the presence of natural and anthropogenic infillings inside most structures. Both human intervention and/or natural events occurred in the last phases of occupation of the site and its subsequent abandonment. The transition to unfavorable climatic conditions in the same period was most likely involved in the abandonment of the site. The possible further impact of human communities on the landscape in that period, testified by multiple other archives, might have in turn had a role in the eventual change in land use.


Author(s):  
Peter S. Wells

The peoples who inhabited Europe during the two millennia before the Roman conquests had established urban centers, large-scale production of goods such as pottery and iron tools, a money economy, and elaborate rituals and ceremonies. Yet as this book argues, the visual world of these late prehistoric communities was profoundly different from those of ancient Rome's literate civilization and today's industrialized societies. Drawing on startling new research in neuroscience and cognitive psychology, the book reconstructs how the peoples of pre-Roman Europe saw the world and their place in it. It sheds new light on how they communicated their thoughts, feelings, and visual perceptions through the everyday tools they shaped, the pottery and metal ornaments they decorated, and the arrangements of objects they made in their ritual places—and how these forms and patterns in turn shaped their experience. The book offers a completely new approach to the study of Bronze Age and Iron Age Europe, and represents a major challenge to existing views about prehistoric cultures. It demonstrates why we cannot interpret the structures that Europe's pre-Roman inhabitants built in the landscape, the ways they arranged their settlements and burial sites, or the complex patterning of their art on the basis of what these things look like to us. Rather, we must view these objects and visual patterns as they were meant to be seen by the ancient peoples who fashioned them.


Iraq ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-48
Author(s):  
Steve Renette ◽  
Khaled Abu Jayyab ◽  
Elizabeth Gibbon ◽  
Michael P. Lewis ◽  
Zana Abdullkarim Qadir ◽  
...  

Kani Shaie is a small archaeological site in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, centrally located in the Bazian Basin, a narrow valley at the western edge of the Zagros Mountains along the major route between Kirkuk and Sulaymaniyah. Its main mound was inhabited almost continuously from the fifth to the middle of the third millennium, c. 5000–2500 B.C.E. This period of Mesopotamian prehistory, corresponding to the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, witnessed major transformations such as initial urbanism and intensification of interregional interaction networks. The recent resurgence of fieldwork in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq is beginning to reveal local trajectories that do not always match the established chronological framework, which is largely based on changes in ceramic technology and styles observed in northern Mesopotamia. Here, we discuss the ceramic sequence retrieved from a step trench at Kani Shaie spanning the entire Late Chalcolithic (c. 4600–3100 B.C.E.). A bottom-up approach to potting traditions at the site allows an initial assessment of the relationship between local communities in the Zagros foothills and large-scale developments in the Mesopotamian world. We argue that the evidence from Kani Shaie reflects a long process in which different communities of practice made active choices of adopting, adapting, or rejecting non-local cultural practices.


Author(s):  
Xosefina Otero ◽  
Mercedes Farjas ◽  
Manuel Santos ◽  
Jorge Angás

In this paper we present new methods of the documentation and registration of the petroglyphs of the exceptional archaeological site located on Khor Fakkan, emirate of Sharjah, on the east coast of the United Arab Emirates along the Gulf of Oman, and coordinates 24º59'06.06'' N - 56º20'36.70'' E. The engravings on the surface of the serpentine rock fragments, of the Semail ophiolite complex that was generated when the Saudí plate was introduced under the Iran-Zagros, in the Cretaceous, are made with the technique and striped characteristic of the Bronze Age and Iron Age. We conducted the study respecting its conservation without any intervention on them, using the latest available technologies and performing aerial, terrestrial and near object digital photogrammetry and applying at the same time the methodology of Landscape Archaeology.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6593


2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kittel

AbstractPeriods of intense human impact on the relief and lithology of the area of the Smólsk site were recorded during geoarchaeological research accompanying archaeological field work. The phases of occupation of the area are known in detail from the results of the large-scale archaeological research of the site. The slope deposits with buried soils were recorded at the site area and researched in detail with the use of sedimentological, geochemical and micromorphological analyses. Beside geochronological deterioration, the chronology of the artefacts found in layers played an important role in the strict recognition of the age of deposits. The lower part of the studied slope cover is constituted by deluvium and the upper part by tillage diamicton. The origin and the development of the slope deposits are correlated with the phases of an intense prehistoric human impact as defined by the archaeological research. Four main phases of acceleration of slope processes were documented at the site and date to the Early Neolithic, the Middle Neolithic, the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age.


Author(s):  
E. Dolbunova ◽  
◽  
J. Meadows ◽  
A. Mazurkevich ◽  
A. Tsybrij ◽  
...  

Rakushechny Yar site is a floodplain multi-layer archaeological site encompassing strata dated to Early Neolithic – Bronze Age. It is characterized by complex stratigraphy, presence of different deposits, buried soils and cultural layers. Fluvial deposits interlay different settlement strata, which provide an opportunity to elaborate precise chronological scheme and study the successive changes in hydrological regime, climate and vegetation changes along with human occupation phases. A new series of samples, from cultural layers of new excavated areas dated to an interval spanning no more than a few decades, centered around 5600 cal. BC.


Author(s):  
Tânia Pereira ◽  
Ana Maria Silva ◽  
António Carlos Valera

Os contextos funerários da Pré-história Recente do Alentejo têm vindo a ser estudados e debatidos com base em novos dados que têm surgido devido aos trabalhos de Arqueologia de salvamento, principalmente relativos à grande quantidade de estruturas negativas. É neste contexto que surge a escavação de duas fossas no sítio do Monte do Vale do Ouro 2 que revelaram restos ósseos humanos, objecto de análise no presente trabalho.A fossa 97, datada do Calcolítico, revelou 4 deposições pertencentes a um indivíduo adulto feminino e três não adultos. Nos três enterramentos mais completos desta fossa foram encontrados sinais de exposição a fogo de baixa intensidade e de forma não regular ao longo do esqueleto, confirmada por análises de Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIC). O esqueleto adulto feminino, onde estas alterações são mais visíveis, encontrava-se depositado numa posição menos usual (e diferente da dos restantes), em decúbito dorsal, o que poderá estar relacionado com a exposição ao fogo acima mencionada.Na fossa 102, datada da Idade do Bronze regional, foram identificadas três fases de inumação correspondendo a 4 indivíduos, 3 adultos e 1 não adulto. Entre os dados antropológicos é de realçar as evidências encontradas do uso de dentes com fins não mastigatórios, atestada pela presença de dois incisivos laterais superiores com um sulco profundo na junção cimento-esmalte. Este poderia estar relacionado com a passagem contínua de um fio ou fibra. Um caso de impactação de um 2º prémolar inferior foi observado na mandíbula da criança inumada nesta fossa, provavelmente relacionado com a sua posição incorrecta no alvéolo. Esta condição é inédita para o presente período cronológico. Prehistoric pit burials from Monte do Vale do Ouro 2 - In recent years, new data have become available due to the work of rescue archaeology in the South of Portugal (Beja district) that has uncovered a whole new set of Late Prehistoric funerary contexts comprising mainly negative structures (pits, ditches and hypogea). In the archaeological site of Monte do Vale do Ouro 2, two prehistoric pits revealed human bones. The aim of this work is to document and interpret the funerary contexts of these pits based on the analysis of the human bones.Pit 97 dated to the Chalcolithic revealed the presence of four individuals, one adult female and three non-adults. The mortuary practice of these individuals seems to have involved the exposure to low temperatures confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIC) analysis, which represent a burial practice not yet documented in this region for this period.In pit 102, dated to the Bronze Age, three adults and one non-adult were exhumed. Among the more relevant data are the evidence of the non-masticatory use of teeth. In two upper lateral incisors, probably antimeres, a profound groove was register near the cement-enamel junction of the lingual part of the teeth suggesting the use of the teeth in daily life, such as processing plant fibers. The non-adult recovered from this pit display a impaction of the second lower premolar, which represents the first archaeological case reported of this condition for the Iberian Bronze Age.


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