On Social Psychological Handy Work: An Interpretive Review of The Handbook of Social Psychology, Second Edition

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1109-1120
Author(s):  
Richard M. Merelman
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Selective Perception ◽  
Social Psychological Research

This paper reviews the new Handbook of Social Psychology, with a special eye towards its utility for political scientists. The review focuses on theory, methodology, substantive areas of social psychological research, and political applications of social psychological findings. Special attention is paid to Handbook articles of particular merit and application to political science. These include articles on cognitive theory, experimentation, observational analyses and sociometry, as well as articles which add to our knowledge of such politically important problems as reasoning, compliance, and decision making. Throughout, important findings relevant to the operations of politics are spotlighted. These include, inter alia, cognitive biases towards the perception of unequal influence, the “risky shift,” constraints on selective perception, and characteristics of leadership behavior. Omissions, theoretical flaws, and errors due to the “datedness” of findings are also discussed.

Social Psychology and Instructional Technology

2011 ◽  
pp. 1237-1244
Author(s):  
Robert A. Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Instructional Technology ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Attitude Importance ◽  
Attitude Accessibility ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Social Psychological Research

This chapter examines how principles in social psychology can be applied to instructional technology. Two areas are discussed to explain why individuals would have a positive attitude towards instructional technology but not engage in consistent behaviors. Social psychological research demonstrates attitudes do not necessarily correlate with behaviors. Factors that moderate this relationship include attitude extremity, attitude importance, attitude accessibility, direct experience, attitude specificity, habits, and social norms. Additionally, if individuals cannot comprehend messages, they cannot develop their knowledge of instructional technology even if they wanted. To comprehend messages, individuals have to have the ability (i.e., both knowledge and time) to thoroughly process them. Examples are provided illustrating each of these concepts. The author hopes by examining the field of social psychology, new ideas, new understanding, and new areas of research can emerge in the field of instructional technology.

Social Psychology and Instructional Technology

2011 ◽  
pp. 944-951
Author(s):  
Robert A. Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Instructional Technology ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Attitude Importance ◽  
Attitude Accessibility ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Social Psychological Research

This chapter examines how principles in social psychology can be applied to instructional technology. Two areas are discussed to explain why individuals would have a positive attitude towards instructional technology but not engage in consistent behaviors. Social psychological research demonstrates attitudes do not necessarily correlate with behaviors. Factors that moderate this relationship include attitude extremity, attitude importance, attitude accessibility, direct experience, attitude specificity, habits, and social norms. Additionally, if individuals cannot comprehend messages, they cannot develop their knowledge of instructional technology even if they wanted. To comprehend messages, individuals have to have the ability (i.e., both knowledge and time) to thoroughly process them. Examples are provided illustrating each of these concepts. The author hopes by examining the field of social psychology, new ideas, new understanding, and new areas of research can emerge in the field of instructional technology.

Cognitive Biases and International Law: What’s the Point of Critique?

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Ingo Venzke
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
State Of Affairs

One of the main aims of critique is to work towards progressive change. What are critical scholarship’s assumptions about how that change should happen? And do they hold? In the present chapter, I focus on three characteristic traits of critique: seeing law as part of the problem; emphasizing law’s relative indeterminacy; and carving out contingencies in the law’s past. Critique has exposed and countered several dynamics that render the present state of affairs more natural, necessary, and just. Social psychological research has notably drawn attention to people’s longing to live in a world that they consider just—which is a world in which things appear to happen for a reason. Research has further drawn attention to the bias of hindsight and dynamics of ex post rationalization. In short, there are many concerns, tropes, and even vocabularies that are shared between critical legal scholarship and social psychological research. Yet, divides between the two still remain deep.

scholarly journals Όψεις της σύγχρονης κοινωνικο-ψυχολογικής έρευνας: Εισαγωγή

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Ευθύμιος Λαμπρίδης
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Current Special Issue

The Introduction to the current special issue has two goals: First, to determine the concept and the content of the scientific field of social psychology by focusing on the scientific and the epistemological grounding of the discipline and by highlighting the continuing development of social psychological research objectives through recourse to researchareas and methods. Also, to pinpoint the contribution of Greek social psychologists in the ongoing scientific debate, both nationally and internationally. Second, to critically review the papers that appear in this special issue of Psychology, offering to the reader a summarized view of the content, theoretical basis, research method (s), findings and conclusions of each one of them. 

scholarly journals Rethinking human-animal relations: The critical role of social psychology

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristof Dhont ◽  
Gordon Hodson ◽  
Steve Loughnan ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Human Animal

People deeply value their social bonds with companion animals, yet routinely devalue other animals, considering them mere commodities to satisfy human interests and desires. Despite the inherently social and intergroup nature of these complexities, social psychology is long overdue in integrating human-animal relations in its theoretical frameworks. The present body of work brings together social psychological research advancing our understanding of: 1) the factors shaping our perceptions and thinking about animals as social groups, 2) the complexities involved in valuing (caring) and devaluing (exploiting) animals, and 3) the implications and importance of human-animal relations for human intergroup relations. In this article, we survey the diversity of research paradigms and theoretical frameworks developed within the intergroup relations literature that are relevant, perchance critical, to the study of human-animal relations. Furthermore, we highlight how understanding and rethinking human-animal relations will eventually lead to a more comprehensive understanding of many human intergroup phenomena.

Introduction to The Social Psychology of Collective Victimhood

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Johanna Ray Vollhardt
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Collective Victimhood ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This chapter introduces the volume and gives a brief overview of its structure and the content of each chapter. The chapter describes the nature of social psychological research on collective victimhood to date, defines the concept, and provides an organizing framework for scholarship on collective victimhood. This framework emphasizes the interplay of structural and individual-level factors that need to be considered, as well as how the social psychology of collective victimhood is studied at the micro-, meso-, and macro level of analysis. In order to avoid a determinist and simplistic view of collective victimhood, it is crucial to consider the different ways in which people actively construe and make sense of collective victimization of their group(s). It is also important to consider the role of power, history, and other structural factors that together shape the diversity of experiences of collective victimization as well as the consequences of collective victimhood.

scholarly journals Liberal bias and the five-factor model

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Charney
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Liberal Bias

AbstractDuarte et al. draw attention to the “embedding of liberal values and methods” in social psychological research. They note how these biases are often invisible to the researchers themselves. The authors themselves fall prey to these “invisible biases” by utilizing the five-factor model of personality and the trait of openness to experience as one possible explanation for the under-representation of political conservatives in social psychology. I show that the manner in which the trait of openness to experience is conceptualized and measured is a particularly blatant example of the very liberal bias the authors decry.

Automation Bias, Accountability, and Verification Behaviors

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Mosier ◽  
Linda J. Skitka ◽  
Mark D. Burdick ◽  
Susan T. Heers
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Glass Cockpit ◽  
Omission Errors

Automated procedural and decision aids may in some cases have the paradoxical effect of increasing errors rather than eliminating them. Results of recent research investigating the use of automated systems have indicated the presence automation bias, a term describing errors made when decision makers rely on automated cues as a heuristic replacement for vigilant information seeking and processing (Mosier & Skitka, in press). Automation commission errors, i.e., errors made when decision makers take inappropriate action because they over-attend to automated information or directives, and automation omission errors, i.e., errors made when decision makers do not take appropriate action because they are not informed of an imminent problem or situation by automated aids, can result from this tendency. A wide body of social psychological research has found that many cognitive biases and resultant errors can be ameliorated by imposing pre-decisional accountability, which sensitizes decision makers to the need to construct compelling justifications for their choices and how they make them. To what extent these effects generalize to performance situations has yet to be empirically established. The two studies presented represent concurrent efforts, with student and “glass cockpit” pilot samples, to determine the effects of accountability pressures on automation bias and on verification of the accurate functioning of automated aids. Students (Experiment 1) and commercial pilots (Experiment 2) performed simulated flight tasks using automated aids. In both studies, participants who perceived themselves “accountable” for their strategies of interaction with the automation were significantly more likely to verify its correct functioning, and committed significantly fewer automation-related errors than those who did not report this perception.

Narrative Approaches within a Social Psychology of Social Justice: The Potential Utility of Narrative Evidence

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Narrative Approaches ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Social Psychological Research

This chapter illustrates the utility of narrative approaches within the social psychological study of social justice. By providing an overview of narrative approaches within social psychology, the potential for narrative research to generate knowledge of interest to social justice researchers is highlighted. In efforts to further promote the utility of narrative approaches in social justice research, the concept of narrative evidence is introduced in order to encourage the translation of knowledge gained from social psychological research on social justice concerns into attempts to inform and provoke social change. An illustrative example is discussed drawn from the author’s own research. The work of translating narrative research findings into narrative evidence is an important next step within a social psychology of social justice that seeks to produce knowledge of social justice concerns and has the potential to inform and inspire social change efforts.

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