Digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in soya-bean, sunflower, meat and rapeseed meals measured with pigs and poultry

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Green ◽  
T. Kiener
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTIn order to determine the relative digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in foodstuffs for pigs and poultry, and the effects of manufacturing methods, equal quantities of soya-bean meal, sunflower meals [hulled (sunflower meal 1) and dehulled (sunflower meal 2)], meat meals [made with (meat meal 1), and without (meat meal 2), blood added at 250 g/kg meat tissue (wet weights)] and rapeseed meals [seeds heated at 80°C (rapeseed meal 1) or 100°C (rapeseed meal 2)] were mixed with protein-free ingredients. The diets were given to five growing pigs with ileo-rectal anastomoses, and, by crop-intubation, to 12 caecectomized and 12 intact cocks. Excreta were collected over 48-h periods. Endogenous excretion was estimated by giving protein-free diets.In the order, soya-bean meal, sunflower meals 1, and 2, meat meals 1, and 2, rapeseed meals 1, and 2, true digestibilities were: with pigs, of nitrogen, 0·81, 0·80, 0·79, 0·64, 0·79, 0·73, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·030), of lysine, 0·84, 0·83, 0·84, 0·65, 0·84, 0·76, 0·72 (s.e.d. 0·032); with caecectomized birds, of nitrogen, 0·92, 0·91, 0·91, 0·66, 0·78, 0·74, 0·75 (s.e.d. 0·018), of lysine 0·92, 0·91, 0·93, 0·62, 0·79, 0·70, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·020); with intact birds, values were similar to those with caecectomized birds for soya-bean, and the sunflower meals, but lesser for meat meals 1 and 2; the solubilities of nitrogen in pepsin were 0·96, 0·92, 0·93, 0·80, 0·89, 0·87, 0·87.Two hundred and eighty pigs (initial live weights 10 kg) were used to compare growth response to free lysine with that to lysine in soya-bean meal and sunflower meal 2. Lysine availabilities, assessed by analyses of regressions of live-weight gain against lysine intake were 0·82 (s.e. 0·12) for soya-bean meal, and 0·82 (s.e. 0·18) for sunflower meal 2.Amino acid digestibilities of the sunflower meals were similar to those of soya-bean meal, and were not influenced by dehulling; values for the rapeseed meals were lower, and unaffected by differences in heating severity; values for the meat meal were reduced by blood addition. Values differed between pigs and poultry, but there was consistency in the extent to which each species discriminated between some foodstuffs. The pepsin test was insensitive. The large standard errors associated with availability values prevented meaningful comparisons with digestibility values.

Double-low rapeseed meal for pigs: ileal apparent digestibility of amino acids in diets containing various proportions of rapeseed meal, fish meal and soya-bean meal

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Partridge ◽  
A. G. Low ◽  
J. J. Matte
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Main Trial ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTIn order to determine the relative nutritional value of rapeseed meal (var. Tandem) in comparison with soya-bean meal and fish meal, seven barley-based diets were formulated to provide 13·1 MJ digestible energy and 8·8 g total lysine per kg. They contained soya-bean meal (S), rapeseed meal (R) or fish meal (F) alone, or equal proportions (on a total nitrogen basis) of soya and rapeseed, soya and fish meal, rapeseed and fish meal or soya, rapeseed and fish meal. The study involved 14 pigs growing from 40 to 90 kg, each fitted with a T cannula in the terminal ileum. Dietary treatments were applied during 7-day periods according to a 7 × 7 Latin-square design, replicated twice. The pigs were fed at 12-h intervals. Ileal digesta were collected during two 12-h periods from each pig after adaptation to each diet. Nutrient apparent digestibilities were measured using chromium III oxide as a marker; for diets S, R and F, respectively, values were: dry matter, 0·58, 0·51 and 0·66 (s.e. 0·014); N, 0·72, 0·67 and 0·73 (s.e. 0·011); lysine, 0·79, 0·72 and 0·83 (s.e. 0·010), with a similar relationship between diets for most other amino acids. In general, values for diets containing combinations of the protein supplements were intermediate between those for diets containing the respective single supplements. Following the main trial, seven pigs were given a semi-purified diet containing rapeseed meal as the only protein source; this gave amino acid digestibility values similar to or slightly higher than diet R. Diet R, which contained 375 g rapeseed meal per kg, presented no palatability problem. Rapeseed meal of the quality used in this trial could contribute a substantial proportion of the protein supplement for growing pigs. Its value should be enhanced by formulating diets according to the ileal digestibility of the limiting amino acids.

A note on the use of rapeseed, sunflower and soyabean meals as protein sources in compound foods for milking cattle

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel C. Vincent ◽  
R. Hill ◽  
R. C. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Rapeseed, sunflower and soya-bean meals were compared as the main sources of protein in concentrate supplements given to dairy cattle. The supplements contained (per kg) 620 g rapeseed meal, 760 g sunflower meal or 500 g soya-bean meal and all three were formulated to contain 300 g protein per kg. Each animal was given daily TO kg dairy compound, 3·5 kg supplement, 3·5 kg sugar-beet pulp pellets and offered maize silage ad libitum. A randomized-block design with 39 cattle was used and treatments were applied for 16 weeks. All three supplements were eaten rapidly and there were no refusals. Daily mean milk yields were rapeseed 26·7, sunflower 25·3 and soya bean 25·1 (s.e.d. 1·44) kg; milk fat and protein concentrations were not affected by the treatments. There were no significant treatment differences in live weight and condition score. It was concluded that these high protein supplements based on rapeseed meal, sunflower meal and soya-bean meal were of equal feeding value for milk production.

scholarly journals The availability of lysine in diets for pigs: comparative methodology

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Four experiments were conducted to compare different methods for estimating the availability of lysine in protein feeds. The same feeds were used in all experiments. In the first experiment the apparent digestibility of lysine to the ileum of growing pigs was found to be 0.92, 0.69, 0.73, 0.85, 0.84 and 0.97 for soya-bean meal, cottonseed meal 1, cottonseed meal 2, meat meal, sunflower meal and skim milk respectively. In the second experiment the utilization of lysine (relative to free lysine) for weight gain, as measured in weaner pigs, was found to be 0.68, 0.73, 0.81, 0.86 and 1.00 for cottonseed meal 1, cottonseed meal 2, meat meal, sunflower meal and skim milk respectively. In Expt 3 diets were formulated to contain soya-bean meal, sunflower meal or cottonseed meal 2 with the same available lysine content from the measurements made in Expts 1 and 2. The feed conversion ratios of weaner pigs given these diets were similar for the three sources of protein when the values were adjusted for the differences in digestible dry matter intake. In the fourth experiment isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated with increasing amounts of lysine from synthetic lysine or cottonseed meal 2. The diets were given to weaner pigs and resulted in a curvilinear response to lysine particularly for the cottonseed meal, so that the availability of lysine in cottonseed meal was similar to that of synthetic lysine at low lysine intakes and much lower than synthetic lysine at higher lysine intakes. Possible reasons for the curvilinear responses are discussed.

Total amino acid requirements of weaned piglets 8 to 25 kg live weight given diets based on wheat and soya-bean meal fortified with free amino acids

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gatel ◽  
G. Buron ◽  
J. Fékéte
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

AbstractTwo experiments were carried out with weaned piglets from 8 to 25 kg live weight in order to determine the dietary amino acid content necessary for maximum growth. Six diets based on wheat, soya-bean meal, soya-bean oil and free amino acids were compared in each experiment. Essential amino acids were in the same relative proportion for all diets: (methionine + cystine)/lysine = 0·60 to 0·65; threonine/lysine = 0·65; tryptophan/lysine = 0·19. The range of amino acid content was 9·53 to 12·52 g lysine per kg in the first experiment and 11·34 to 15·94 g lysine per kg in the second experiment. The number of piglets used per diet was 136 (20 pens) and 106 (16 pens) in respectively the first and the second experiment. The relationship between either dietary lysine content or daily lysine intake and growth rate was quadratic and significant. Dietary lysine content and daily lysine intake which enable maximum growth were calculated according to this model. Dietary lysine contents were 15·5 and 14·9 g/kg for the first 3 weeks (8 to 17 kg) and for the overall post-weaning period (8 to 25 kg) respectively. Daily lysine intakes were 10·6 and 13·3 g/day respectively for the same two periods. Reasons for these values being higher than those currently cited are discussed.

Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: isoleucine

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
L. M. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Two experiments were conducted to determine the utilization of ileal digestible isoleucine by growing pigs. In the first, the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in cottonseed meal, lupin-seed meal and soya-bean meal was determined in pigs fitted with‘T‘-shaped cannulas. In the second, three isoleucine-deficient diets were formulated to 0.23 g ileal digestible isoleucine/MJ digestible energy (DE) with the three protein concentrates contributing the only source of isoleucine in sucrose-based diets. An additional three diets were formulated with supplements of isoleucine to confirm that isoleucine was limiting in the first three diets. The growth performance and retention of isoleucine by pigs given the six diets over the 20–45 kg growth phase were then determined. The apparent ileal digestibility of isoleucine in the three protein concentrates (proportion of total) was: cottonseed meal 0.68, lupin-seed meal 0.86, soya-bean meal 0.86. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in growth rates (g/d) and crude protein deposition rates (g/d) of the pigs given the three diets formulated to 0.23 g ileal digestible isoleucine/MJ DE: cottonseed meal 590, 84; lupin-seed meal 613, 87; soya-bean meal 594, 91 (SEM 13.0, 2.9) respectively. The response of pigs to the addition of isoleucine confirmed that isoleucine was limiting in these diets. The proportion of ileal digestible isoleucine retained by pigs given the cottonseed meal (0.65) was slightly lower than that retained by pigs given soya-bean meal (0.73; P < 0.05). These results indicate that values for the ileal digestibility of isoleucine in protein concentrates more closely reflect the proportion of isoleucine that can be utilized by the pig than occurs for other amino acids such as lysine, threonine and methionine.

A note on the supplementation of low-protein, maize-soya-bean meal diets with lysine, tryptophan, threonine and methionine for growing pigs

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Russell ◽  
R. A. Easter ◽  
V. Gomez-Rojas ◽  
G. L. Cromwell ◽  
T. S. Stahly
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

ABSTRACTAn experiment conducted at two experimental stations was designed to identify the limiting amino acids in maize-soya-bean meal diets with 120 g crude protein per kg given ad libitum to pigs from 20 to 40 kg body weight. The effects of additions of tryptophan and of tryptophan plus threonine in both the presence and absence of added methionine were studied. The responses to supplemental amino acids were not significantly different at the two stations (P > 0·10). The addition of tryptophan tended to improve growth rate. However, significant improvements in rate and efficiency of gain were not realized until both tryptophan and threonine were added (P < 0·05). Interactive effects between supplemental amino acids on pig performance were not detected. Thus, the maize-soya-bean meal diet with 120 g crude protein per kg and given ad libitum to 20-kg pigs appeared to be limiting in lysine, tryptophan, threonine and possibly methionine.

Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in wet wheat protein and soya bean meal for growing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Mäkinen ◽  
Hilkka Siljander-Rasi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Wheat Protein ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

A study was conducted on four castrated male pigs to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids in wheat protein (WP), a wet by-product of the starch and gluten industry, and in soya bean meal (SBM). The pigs were fitted with a steered ileo-caecal valve cannula at a liveweight of 35 kg. They were assigned to two semi-purified wheat starch based diets, with either WP or SBM as a sole protein source, and fed according to a three-period reversal design. The diets were formulated to contain 140 g CP/kg DM, 11.3 MJ net energy/kg DM and similar amounts of lysine, methionine and threonine. The CP content and the lysine and threonine contents in CP were lower in WP than in SBM. Nearly half of the DM in WP was starch, and the crude fibre content of the product was very low. The apparent ileal and total tract digestibilities of CP were very similar in both the WP and SBM diets. The AID of methionine was higher in WP (88.2%) than in SBM (84.6%) diets (P

Effect of dietary crude protein level on the performance of cereal fed Holstein bulls

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 147-147
Author(s):  
S P Marsh ◽  
P Briggs ◽  
D Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

It is common practice to give cereal fed bulls a 160g/kg crude protein (CP) diet to 250kg live weight, dropping to 140g/kg CP from 250kg to slaughter. The majority of intensively fed beef cattle are fed home mix rations based on rolled barley with a protein concentrate or ‘protein rich’ straights such as rapeseed meal and soya bean meal. In this latter situation higher protein rations will have increased ration costs. The objective of this experiment was therefore to determine the effect of feeding barley based rations containing 120, 140 or 160g/kg dietary CP on the performance of cereal fed 280kg Holstein bulls through to slaughter.

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