Characterization of post-weaning traits of Simmental and Hereford bulls and heifers

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Jenkins ◽  
C. L. Ferrell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

ABSTRACTPost-weaning growth, dry-matter intake, carcass characteristics, chemical composition of the 9th to 11th rib section and food conversion efficiency were evaluated for Simmental bulls (15) and heifers (18) and Hereford bulls (17) and heifers (14) from approx. 240 days of age to 470 days of age. Within each breed × sex sub-class, animals were assigned to one of three energy intake levels: (1) ad libitum, (2) 795 kJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg0·75 per day and (3) 544 kj ME per kg0·75 per day.Simmentals tended to exhibit higher post-weaning growth rate and consumed more dry matter than Herefords. At ad libitum intakes, efficiency estimates (gain/food) were greater initially but decreased more rapidly for Herefords than for Simmentals. No differences were observed in efficiency estimates between Herefords and Simmentals fed at 795 kJ ME per kg0·75 per day and both breeds fed at this level improved in efficiency as time on test increased.Bulls tended to have greater growth rate, and consume more dry matter than heifers. At ad libitum food intake, bulls were more efficient than heifers and the decrease in efficiency of the two sexes was parallel. Heifers fed at 795 kJ ME per kg0·75 per day had a constant efficiency throughout the test while bulls improved in efficiency.

An evaluation of the micronization process for preparing cereals for the growing pig. 2. Effects on growth rate, food conversion efficiency and carcass characteristics

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Designed Experiments ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Ground Wheat ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

SUMMARY1. In each of two 2 × 3 factorially designed experiments 72 pigs were individually- and scale-fed diets containing 86·5% of maize, wheat or barley in ground or micronized, flaked and ground (micronized) forms.2. In both experiments, the first between 17 and 20 kg and the second between 22 and 90 kg live weight, pigs offered the micronized maize and barley diets grew significantly faster and converted the dry matter of their diets significantly more efficiently than did pigs offered the ground maize and barley diets. There were no significant differences between the micronized and ground wheat diets in the first experiment but in the second experiment the micronized diet gave significantly inferior results.3. In pigs slaughtered at 90 kg live weight those fed all the micronizedbased diets had significantly higher killing-out percentages than those fed the diets based on the ground cereals. Other within-cereal significant differences were those of increased carcass length in pigs given micronized maize and increased fat deposition in pigs given micronized wheat.

Prediction of intake by cattle from degradation characteristics of roughages

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
G. W. Reid ◽  
M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Exponential Equations ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTFive different straws consisting of two varieties of winter barley, two varieties of spring barley and one variety of winter wheat were chosen due to differences in degradation characteristics determined by using nylon bags incubated in the rumen of cattle and describing the straw using the equation: p = a + b (1 – e–ct). To increase variation in degradability, batches of the same straws were also treated with anhydrous ammonia in a sealed oven.The straws were subsequently offered ad libitum to groups of steers given a daily supplement of 1·5 kg concentrate and untreated straws were supplemented with urea. The dry-matter intake (DMI) of the straws varied from 3·4 to 5·7 kg/day, the digestible DMI from 1·4 to 3·5 kg/day and growth rate from 106 to 608 g/day.By using multiple regression of a, b, c from the exponential equations characterizing degradability of the straw, the correlation coefficients with DMI, digestible DMI and growth rate were 0·88, 0·96 and 0·95 respectively.

Effects of supplementing maize and grass silages with barley, and maize silage with urea or ammonia, on the intake and performance of fattening bulls

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aston ◽  
J. C. Tayler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT1. Experiment 1. Six treatment groups of one British Friesian and four South Devon × British Friesian bulls, initially 432 kg mean live weight and aged 491 days, were offered individually maize or grass silage ad libitum plus 0, 5 or 10g barley dry matter per kg live weight daily for 80 days. The silages had similar digestible dry matter and estimated metabolizable energy contents but the grass silage contained more ammonia and acetic, propionic and butyric acids. Mean values for groups receiving respectively maize and grass silage diets were for dry-matter intake 17·7, 20·3, 20·4 and 13·0, 16·6, 18·7 g/kg live weight and for live-weight gain 1·00, 1·32, 1·46 and 0·65, 0·98, 1·22kg/day. Significantly more maize than grass silage dry matter was eaten when the silages were given alone and dry-matter intakes, live-weight and carcass gains were greater for maize silage diets. Dry-matter intake, live-weight and carcass gains, efficiency of feed use and carcass quality significantly improved when barley was given.2. Experiment 2. Six groups of five British Friesian bulls, initially 418 kg mean live weight and aged 474 days, were offered individually maize silage ad libitum with either urea or one of two quantities of aqueous ammonia mixed in at the time of feeding, plus 0 or 5 g barley dry matter per kg live weight daily for 90 days. The urea and ammonia-treated silages contained 125, 124 and 148 g crude protein per kg dry matter respectively, with pH values of 3·8, 3·9 and 4·3, and when given alone or with barley mean daily intakes (g dry matter per kg live weight) were 17·1, 18·6 for urea-treated silage diets, and 17·8, 18·8 and 16·9, 19·1 respectively for ammoniatreated silage diets. Live-weight gains were 0·69, 0·94, 0·63, 1·09, 0·64 and 1·07 kg/day. Ammonia treatment had no effect on intake or live-weight gain. Live-weight and carcass gains and carcass quality improved when barley was given.3. The maize silage offered in Experiment 1 contained similar metabolizable energy but more starch than that in Experiment 2 and was used more efficiently for live-weight gain.

Fattening systems for sheep in western Victoria. 1. The influence of hay quality and of proportion of oats in the ration on the performance of Corriedale wethers

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
DS Gillespie ◽  
JW McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Western Victoria

An experiment at Hamilton in western Victoria from June to October 1972 examined the feasibility of fattening two-year-old Corriedale wethers from 30 to 50 kg liveweight when fed simple rations in feedlots. Using a factorial design, treatments compared were mid-season or late cut pasture hay offered ad libitum and oat grain fed at 0, 0.25, 0.50 kg head-1 day-1 or ad libitum. Two additional groups were set stocked on green pasture; one of them was offered oat grain ad libitum. Performance of sheep in the feedlot (intake, liveweight and carcase gain, feed conversion and wool production) was influenced by hay type and level of oat feeding. Liveweight gain over the period of feeding increased linearly until oats comprised about 50 per cent of the daily dry matter intake, but the highest liveweight gain in the feedlot (127 g day-1) occurred when sheep were given a ration consisting of 25 per cent mid-season hay and 75 per cent oats. Sheep on pasture gained at an average of 146 g day-1. Irrespective of composition of the ration, liveweight gain increased by 20 g day1, carcase weight by 15 g day-1 and wool by 1.7 g day -1 for each additional MJ of metabolizable energy intake.

scholarly journals Effect of breed type and ionophore supplementation on growth and carcass characteristic in feedlot hair lambs

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Salinas-Chavira ◽  
Alfredo Lara-Juarez ◽  
Abraham Gil-González ◽  
Jorge Jimenez-Castro ◽  
Ramón Garcia-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of supplementing feedlot diets with ionophores and breed type were assessed on growth rate and carcass characteristics in hair lambs. Twenty four intact males, 12 Pelibuey × Dorper (PDo) and 12 Pelibuey × Damara (PDa) lambs, 17.9 ± 3.7 kg initial weight, were housed in individual pens for a 60-d feeding trial. The lambs were assigned randomly into four diets: control without additives (C); 25 µg/g monensin (M); 28 µg/g salinomycin (S); 28 µg/g S for 20 d, and 25 µg/g M for the next 40 d (SM). Each diet was supplied to six lambs. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four diets and two breed types of hair lambs (PDo and PDa). All diets were formulated to contain 14% CP and 2.6 Mcal ME/kg dry matter. At the end of the feeding trial carcass images were recorded in the last intercostal space (12th and 13th ribs) using ultrasound equipment to measure the Longissimus dorsi muscle area and subcutaneous fat (SF). The average daily gain (ADG), daily dry matter intake, feed:gain ratio, subcutaneous fat and Longissimus dorsi area were not affected by ionophore supplementation.. The Pelibuey × Dorper group tended to show better average daily gain than Pelibuey × Damara (262 g/d and 235 g/d, respectively). Daily dry matter intake, feed:gain ratio and subcutaneous fat were not affected by breed type. The Pelibuey × Dorper lambs had greater Longissimus dorsi area (16.74 cm²) than the Pelibuey × Damara (14.29 cm²) lambs. The growth rate was not influenced by the inclusion of ionophores. Pelibuey × Dorper lambs showed better average daily gain and carcass characteristics than Pelibuey × Damara lambs.

The effect of barley supplementation on the liveweight gains of autumn-born calves reared on whole or skimmed milk diets

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (63) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
J Clark ◽  
JI Watts
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Four Levels

Forty, Friesian x Jersey bull calves were fed diets comprising factorial combinations of milk, either whole (4.0 per cent fat) or skimmed (0.1 per cent fat) milk, fed at the rate of 4.5 kg day-1 until the calves were ten weeks old, with crushed barley at four levels from two to 18 weeks of age. The four levels of barley were 0, 25, 50 and 75 per cent of the dry matter intake of the calves. The calves had access to hay ad libitum throughout the experiment. The restricted quantities of skimmed milk fed to the calves did not support rapid gains in liveweight, even when supplemented with high levels of barley. The addition of barley to the diet of the calves reared on whole milk produced no response in terms of growth rate (0.54 kg day-1). However, the calves reared on skimmed milk had greater growth rates when their diet contained 25 per cent barley than with no barley, 0.36 kg day-1 and 0.28 kg day-1 respectively. Further additions of barley did not produce additional responses in growth rate.

Calcium requirements of the young lamb. I. Effects of different intakes of dietary calcium on liveweight gain, bone development, and blood serum calcium levels

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Hodge ◽  
GR Pearce ◽  
DE Tribe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

Four groups of male lambs were fed on liquid diets to give them four different calcium intakes (50, 250, 450, and 650 mg calcium/kg liveweight/day) from 5 to 70 days of age. Dry matter intake, liveweight gain, and serum calcium levels (but not food conversion efficiency) were reduced in those animals consuming 50 mg calcium/kg/day, but there were no significant differences between the lambs receiving 250, 450, or 650 mg/kg/day. Femur development in the lambs consuming 50 mg/kg/day was inadequate: the bone was brittle and tended to fracture. Although femurs taken from the animals receiving 250mg/kg/day were not fully developed, they appeared to be structurally sound. It is concluded that a calcium intake of 250 mg/kg/day is likely to be adequate for young lambs slaughtered for meat production at an early age.

The influence of dietary protein and level of feeding on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of entire and castrated male pigs

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
R. H. King
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT1. Three isocaloric diets containing 170, 210 or 231 g crude protein per kg were given at two levels, and offered ad libitum to entire and castrated male pigs growing from 20 to 70 kg live weight.2. Between 20 and 45 kg, growth rate improved with each increase in level of feeding (P < 005) and, on the ad libitum treatment the food intake and growth performance of both entire and castrated pigs were similar. On the restricted feeding treatments the growth performance of entire, but not of castrated pigs, improved when dietary protein was raised from 170 to 210g/kg (P < 005).3. During the live-weight periods 45 to 70 and 20 to 70kg, raising food intake improved growth rate (P < 005) but increased the food conversion ratio and carcass fat measurements at 70 kg (P < 0·05). However, food conversion ratio and the majority of carcass characteristics of entire pigs fed ad libitum were equivalent to those of castrated pigs fed at the lowest level.4. Dietary protein level had no significant effect on growth performance from 20 to 70 kg or on carcass fat measurements at the latter weight. However, each increase in dietary protein in the live-weight period 45 to 70 kg depressed the performance of castrated pigs (P < 0·05) while that of entire pigs was reduced when the protein level of the diet was raised from 210 to 231 g/kg.

Possibilities of Using Bananas for the Feeding of Ruminants in Humid Tropical Regions

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-525
Author(s):  
Michel Chenost ◽  
Francois Geoffroy ◽  
Pierre Bousquet ◽  
Michel Candau
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Growing Goats ◽  
Tropical Grass

The possibility of using green or ensiled bananas was studied with goats green-fed a tropical grass (Digitaria decumbens). Bananas increased both dry matter intake and digestible organic matter intake. Offered ad libitum bananas represented 50 to 70% of the diet of lactating or young growing goats without reducing milk production or growth rate. Provided the nitrogen level of the diet was balanced it was possible to reduce concentrate by 300 to 450 g/day/animal. It was also possible to fatten young goats with a complete diet composed of banana, cereal, bagasse, and urea simultaneously ensiled. Further study is needed to determine whether these types of diets are effective for cattle.

The effect of age and energy level on the growth potential of Sangsary female lambs in Iran

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
Y. Rouzbehan ◽  
A. Shabani ◽  
R. Assadi Moghadam ◽  
A. Nik-khah
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Effect Of Age

A study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of male and female of Sangsary sheep, a native Iranian breed. Rouzbehan et al. (1996) detailed the growth rate and body composition of male lamb of this breed. In this summary, the production potential and carcass characteristics of female lamb were reported.Forty four 9 month (m) old female lambs, mean initial weight 22.9 kg (±2.5) were used. The two diets, which consisted of concentrae and roughage, had a similar protein content (150 g/ CP/kg DM) and metabolisable energy of either 10.6 MJ/ kg DM (diet A) or 9.2 MJ/kg DM (diet B) were each fed ad libitum to 22 lambs. The animals were grouply penned. At the start and end of the study, the animals were weighed on two consecutive days. Throughout the study, live weight gain (LWG) and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded weekly.

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