Evaluation of a model of the energy system of lactating and pregnant cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Broadbent ◽  
J. H. Topps ◽  
J. J. Clark ◽  
J. M. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Using Data

ABSTRACT1. The model of the energy system of lactating, and pregnant, cows proposed by Bruce, Broadbent and Topps (1984) has been evaluated using data relating to 166 lactations for dairy cows and 48 lactations for beef cows. The cows in both sets of data were subjected to various nutritional and managerial regimes.2. The discrepancies between observed and predicted values of milk (energy) and live weight were small, both as a proportion of the measured values and total energy intake. For Danish Black and White dairy cows the discrepancies for milk were virtually zero on both bases; those for live weight represented 0·020 of the total energy intake, or an over-prediction by 0·054 in late lactation. For Hereford × British Friesian beef cows, suckled by one or two calves, the discrepancies as a proportion of the total energy intake ranged from 0·005 to 0·051 for milk and 0·001 to 0·063 for live-weight change across the nutritional and managerial regimes.3. It was concluded that the model of Bruce et al. (1984), which considers genetic potential for milk production and growth, nutritional (energy), reproductive and environmental status, may be used to predict milk yield and live-weight change simultaneously from food (energy) input.

Evaluation of NOSCOW

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
P. J. Broadbent ◽  
J. H. Topps ◽  
J. J. Clark ◽  
J. M. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dietary Energy Intake ◽  
Danish Dairy

Two data sets have been used to evaluate NOSCOW, a model of the energy system of cows which allows milk production and live-weight change to be predicted simultaneously from dietary energy intake (Bruce, Broadbent and Topps, 1984).Black and White Danish Dairy Cows (SDM) were used by Østergaard (1979) to study concentrate feeding strategies. There were nine treatments which differed in the level and pattern of concentrates fed over the first 36 weeks of lactation. These treatments caused substantial differences in the levels and patterns of energy intake.

Factors affecting maintenance requirements of beef cows

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. F. Russel ◽  
I. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

ABSTRACTThe maintenance energy requirements of 29 Hereford × Friesian and 27 Blue Grey (White Shorthorn × Galloway) cows each offered one of six levels of feeding supplying between 0·5 and 1·2 likely maintenance requirements for 56 days were estimated, from regressions of daily live-weight change on energy intake, as the energy intake corresponding to zero live-weight change.There were no effects of level of intake on diet digestibility or of genotype on maintenance requirements.Maintenance requirements (M, MJ metabolizable energy per day) were shown to be determined by both live weight (LW, kg) and body condition score (C) according to the relationship: M = 0·147LW – 0·016C.LW.The estimates derived are compared with other published values and the hypothesis is advanced that maintenance requirements are likely to be more closely related to body protein mass than to body weight.The dietary energy equivalent of 1 kg loss of live weight is calculated to be 26·7 MJ and it is estimated that in non-lactating cows body tissue is used for maintenance with an efficiency of 0·77.

Responses in live weight change to net energy intake in dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Jensen ◽  
Søren Østergaard ◽  
Jan Bertilsson ◽  
Martin Riis Weisbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Net Energy Intake

scholarly journals Sources of excessive saturated fat, trans fat and sugar consumption in Brazil: an analysis of the first Brazilian nationwide individual dietary survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosangela A Pereira ◽  
Kiyah J Duffey ◽  
Rosely Sichieri ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugars

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the patterns of consumption of foods high in solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS) in Brazil.DesignCross-sectional study; individual dietary intake survey. Food intake was assessed by means of two non-consecutive food records. Foods providing >9·1 % of energy from saturated fat, or >1·3 % of energy from trans fat, or >13 % of energy from added sugars per 100 g were classified as high in SoFAS.SettingBrazilian nationwide survey, 2008–2009.SubjectsIndividuals aged ≥10 years old.ResultsMean daily energy intake was 8037 kJ (1921 kcal), 52 % of energy came from SoFAS foods. Contribution of SoFAS foods to total energy intake was higher among women (52 %) and adolescents (54 %). Participants in rural areas (43 %) and in the lowest quartile of per capita family income (43 %) reported the smallest contribution of SoFAS foods to total energy intake. SoFAS foods were large contributors to total saturated fat (87 %), trans fat (89 %), added sugar (98 %) and total sugar (96 %) consumption. The SoFAS food groups that contributed most to total energy intake were meats and beverages. Top SoFAS foods contributing to saturated fat and trans fat intakes were meats and fats and oils. Most of the added and total sugar in the diet was supplied by SoFAS beverages and sweets and desserts.ConclusionsSoFAS foods play an important role in the Brazilian diet. The study identifies options for improving the Brazilian diet and reducing nutrition-related non-communicable chronic diseases, but also points out some limitations of the nutrient-based criteria.

The effect of compound composition and silage characteristics on silage intake, feeding behaviour, production of milk and live-weight change in lactating dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Jackson ◽  
C. L. Johnson ◽  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Principal Energy ◽  
Friesian Cows

ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of compound composition and silage characteristics on silage intake, feeding behaviour and productive performance of dairy cows during the first 25 weeks of lactation. Over a period of 3 years, 36 lactating British Friesian cows (12 per year), in their third or later lactations, were divided into two groups. The cows in each group received either compound S, in which the principal energy source was cereal starch, or compound F containing a mixture of high quality digestible fibre. Cows given compound F ate 2·2 kg more silage dry matter per day (P < 0·05). The type of compound had no effect on the frequency of silage feeding and the time spent eating was significantly different only over weeks 10 to 25 of lactation (P < 0·05), with cows on compound F spending on average 20 min longer feeding per day. Cows on compound F produced 1·7 kg more milk per day than cows on compound S. Although there were no significant differences in the concentration of milk constituents, compound F was associated with higher yields of milk constituents. Significant differences were found between the years of experiment in the frequency of feeding (P < 0·05) and also in the concentration of milk protein and milk fat. There were no significant differences in the magnitude of live-weight change between treatments or year of experiment.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Index Based on EAT-Lancet Recommendations: The Planetary Health Diet Index

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1698
Author(s):  
Leandro Teixeira Cacau ◽  
Eduardo De Carli ◽  
Aline Martins de Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Andrade Lotufo ◽  
Luis A. Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Planetary Health ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha

The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed a planetary health diet. We propose the development of the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) based on this proposed reference diet. We used baseline dietary data obtained through a 114-item FFQ from 14,779 participants of the Longitudinal Study on Adult Health, a multicenter cohort study conducted in Brazil. The PHDI has 16 components and a score from 0 to 150 points. Validation and reliability analyses were performed, including principal component analyses, association with selected nutrients, differences in means between groups (for example, smokers vs. non-smokers), correlations between components and total energy intake, Cronbach’s alpha, item-item correlations, and linear regression analysis between PHDI with carbon footprint and overall dietary quality. The mean PHDI was 60.4 (95% CI 60.2:60.5). The PHDI had six dimensions, was associated in an expected direction with the selected nutrients and was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in smokers (59.0) than in non-smokers (60.6). Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.51. All correlations between components were low, as well as between components and PHDI with total energy intake. After adjustment for age and sex, the PHDI score remained associated (p < 0.001) with a higher overall dietary quality and lower carbon footprint. Thus, we confirmed the PHDI validity and reliability.

scholarly journals Food consumption of sugarcane workers' families in the Brazilian Northeast

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Vanessa Messias Muniz ◽  
Débora Silva Cavalcanti ◽  
Nayalla Morais de Lima ◽  
Mônica Maria Osório
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the food intake of sugarcane workers' family members. METHODS: The food intake of 159 family members of sugarcane workers from Gameleira, Pernambuco, Brazilian Northeast, was investigated by directly weighing the foods on three non-consecutive days. The percent risk of inadequate macro- and micronutrient intakes was analyzed according to the Reference Dietary Intakes. The macronutrients were analyzed in relation to acceptable distribution intervals. The energy consumed from the various food groups was expressed as a ratio of the total energy intake. RESULTS: The median intake of carbohydrates and proteins remained above the Estimated Average Requirement, and all age groups presented a low risk of inadequate carbohydrate and protein intakes. The median intakes of riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, and iron remained above the Estimated Average Requirement for all age groups, but children aged 1-3 years presented a high percent risk of inadequate iron intake. All age groups presented high percent risk of inadequate zinc, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C intakes. Grains and derivatives had a greater participation in the total energy intake, especially in men aged 19-30 years. The group "milk and dairy products" had a greater participation in the diet of children aged 1-3 years. CONCLUSION: The low percent risk of inadequate carbohydrate and protein intakes in all age groups was opposed to the high risk of inadequate mineral and vitamin intakes, making the population vulnerable to nutritional disorders caused by excess macronutrient intake and inadequate micronutrient intake.

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