Construction of national identity and origins in East Asia: a comparative perspective

Antiquity ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (281) ◽  
pp. 626-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiko Ikawa-Smith
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
East Asia ◽  
North American ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
National History ◽  
American Archaeology ◽  
National Boundaries

Many authors have remarked that archaeology in East Asia is part of the discipline of history (Chang 1981: 148; Ikawa-Smith 1975: 15; Nelson 1995: 218; Olsen 1987: 282–3; Von Falkenhausen 1993). Furthermore, it is more ‘locally focussed’ (Barnes 1993: 40), with most of the practising archaeologists investigating archaeological remains within their own national boundaries. To paraphrase the famous statement by North American archaeologists, ‘American archaeology is anthropology or it is nothing’ (Willey & Phillips 1957: 2), into ‘East Asian archaeology is national history or it is nothing’ would be an overstatement, but it is not too far from the reality. The major goal of archaeology in East Asia is to enhance understanding of a nation's past, by increasing its temporal depth. In other words, construction of national identity is the prime business of archaeology in East Asia.

scholarly journals The Genus Pachyma (Syn. Wolfiporia) Reinstated and Species Clarification of the Cultivated Medicinal Mushroom “Fuling” in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wu ◽  
Shou-Jian Li ◽  
Cai-Hong Dong ◽  
Yu-Cheng Dai ◽  
Viktor Papp
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
North American ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
East Asian ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Wide Range

The fungus “Fuling” has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for more than 2000 years, and its sclerotia have a wide range of biological activities including antitumour, immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-aging etc. This prized medicinal mushroom also known as “Hoelen” is resurrected from a piece of pre-Linnean scientific literature. Fries treated it as Pachyma hoelen Fr. and mentioned that it was cultivated on pine trees in China. However, this name had been almost forgotten, and Poria cocos (syn. Wolfiporia cocos), originally described from North America, and known as “Tuckahoe” has been applied to “Fuling” in most publications. Although Merrill mentioned a 100 years ago that Asian Pachyma hoelen and North American P. cocos are similar but different, no comprehensive taxonomical studies have been carried out on the East Asian Pachyma hoelen and its related species. Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological examination on both the sclerotia and the basidiocarps which are very seldomly developed, the East Asian samples of Pachyma hoelen including sclerotia, commercial strains for cultivation and fruiting bodies, nested in a strongly supported, homogeneous lineage which clearly separated from the lineages of North American Wolfiporia cocos and other species. So we confirm that the widely cultivated “Fuling” Pachyma hoelen in East Asia is not conspecific with the North American Wolfiporia cocos. Based on the changes in Art. 59 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, the generic name Pachyma, which was sanctioned by Fries, has nomenclatural priority (ICN, Art. F.3.1), and this name well represents the economically important stage of the generic type. So we propose to use Pachyma rather than Wolfiporia, and subsequently Pachyma hoelen and Pachyma cocos are the valid names for “Fuling” in East Asia and “Tuckahoe” in North America, respectively. In addition, a new combination, Pachyma pseudococos, is proposed. Furthermore, it seems that Pachyma cocos is a species complex, and that three species exist in North America.

scholarly journals Foreign influences on tropospheric ozone over East Asia through global atmospheric transport

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Han ◽  
Jane Liu ◽  
Huiling Yuan ◽  
Tijian Wang ◽  
Bingliang Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
North American ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
East Asian ◽  
South Asian High ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Strong Seasonality

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone in East Asia is influenced by the transport of ozone from foreign regions around the world. However, the magnitudes and variations of such influences remain unclear. This study was performed to investigate this influence and its variations with space and time using a global chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, for emission zero-out and tagged ozone simulations. The results show that foreign ozone varies significantly with latitude, altitude, and season in the East Asian troposphere. The transport of foreign ozone to East Asia occurs primarily through the middle and upper troposphere, where the concentration of foreign ozone (32–65 ppbv) in East Asia is 0.5–6 times higher than that of native ozone (11–18 ppbv) and has strong seasonality, being largest in spring and lowest in winter. Foreign ozone in East Asia increases rapidly with altitude. At the surface, the annual average foreign ozone concentration is ~ 22.2 ppbv, which is comparable to its native counterpart of ~ 20.4 ppbv. The annual mean concentration of anthropogenic ozone from foreign regions is ~ 4.7 ppbv at the East Asian surface, and half of it comes from North America (1.3 ppbv) and Europe (1.0 ppbv). The presence of foreign ozone at the East Asian surface is highest in winter (27.1 ppbv) and lowest in summer (16.5 ppbv). This strong seasonality is largely modulated by the East Asian monsoon (EAM) via its influence on vertical motion. The large-scale subsidence prevailing during the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) favours the downdraft of foreign ozone to the surface, while widespread convection in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) blocks such transport. In summer, the South Asian High facilitates the build-up of South Asian ozone in the East Asian upper troposphere and constrains North American, European, and African ozone to the regions north of 35° N. The interannual variations of foreign ozone at the East Asian surface have been found to be closely related to the EAM. When the EAWM is strong, North American and European ozone are enhanced at the East Asian surface, as the subsidence behind the East Asian trough becomes stronger. In strong EASM years, South and Southeast Asian ozone is reduced at the East Asian surface due to weakened south-westerly monsoon wind. This study suggests substantial foreign influences on tropospheric ozone in East Asia and underscores the importance of the EAM in the seasonal and interannual variations of foreign influences on surface ozone in East Asia.

Against Banal Inter-nationalism

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Iwabuchi
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Methodological Nationalism ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
A Site ◽  
Container Model

AbstractThis article discusses, with an emphasis on Japanese and East Asian contexts, the ways in which the increasing pervasiveness of the inter-nationalised modes — “inter-national” with a hyphen in the sense of highlighting the nation as the unit of global cultural encounters — of production, circulation and consumption of media cultures makes exclusive national boundaries even stronger and more solid. The underlying tenet of “methodological nationalism” has been promoted and instituted by the synergism of the process of cultural glocalisation and state’s policy of national branding that endorses it. What has been engendered in this process is “banal inter-nationalism”; a container model of the nation is further instituted as the inter-nationalised circulation and encounter of media culture has become a site in which national identity is mundanely invoked, performed and experienced. Banal inter-nationalism suppresses and marginalises multicultural questions within the nation, as national boundaries are mutually re-constituted through the process in which cross-border cultural flows and encounters are promoted in a way to accentuate an inter-nationalised form of cultural diversity.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Mayumo Inoue ◽  
Steve Choe
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
North American ◽  
Fundamental Mode ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
Methodological Nationalism ◽  
Introductory Essay ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
Race And Culture

This introductory essay foregrounds "aesthetics" as a fundamental mode of inquiry that enables scholars to question and overcome many "imperial" assumptions that still govern East Asia studies to this day. Through this renewed focus on art and aesthetics in the age of neoliberalism, the chapter seeks to extend the earlier efforts to critique the area studies paradigm and its methodological nationalism by Naoki Sakai, Rey Chow, Harry Harootunian, and Masao Miyoshi. By underscoring the ways in which global protocols of capitalist accumulation, biopolitics, and warfare require their local legitimation through the fundamentally aesthetic figures of nation, race, and culture, this essay theorizes toward a critically liberating mode of aesthetics that seeks to undo the imperial categories of thinking and politics in East Asia. Notably, this chapter critiques how imperial aesthetics often works in the guise of local culturalism, making the task of aesthetic critique more urgent in East Asian and North American intellectual space.

scholarly journals A New Paradigm for Continental U.S. Summer Rainfall Variability: Asia–North America Teleconnection

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (20) ◽  
pp. 7313-7327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Zhu ◽  
Tim Li
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
North American ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Boreal Summer

Abstract The present study reveals a close relationship between the leading mode of continental U.S. (CONUS) summer rainfall and the East Asian subtropical monsoon rainfall (viz., mei-yu in China, baiu in Japan, and changma in the Korean peninsula). The East Asian subtropical monsoon rainfall and the CONUS dipole rainfall patterns are connected by an upper-level Asia–North America (ANA) teleconnection. The Rossby wave energy propagates along the path of the westerly jet stream (WJS) from East Asia to North America, affecting the CONUS summer rainfall. Mechanisms through which East Asian summer monsoon heating influence North American rainfall are illustrated by idealized anomaly atmospheric general circulation model experiments. In boreal winter, because of the southward shift of the WJS, the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern can be excited by the tropical central/eastern Pacific heating associated with El Niño, affecting the rainfall over CONUS. In boreal summer, because the WJS is weaker and locates farther to the north, an equatorial heating anomaly cannot directly perturb the WJS. A perturbation heating over subtropical East Asia, however, can trigger an ANA pattern along the path of the WJS, affecting the rainfall over North America. The season-dependent teleconnection scenario illustrates that the predictability source of CONUS rainfall variability is different between winter and summer. While the PNA pattern generated by El Niño is critical for CONUS rainfall in northern winter, the CONUS dipole rainfall variation in boreal summer is mainly governed by the remote forcing over subtropical East Asia via the ANA teleconnection.

The Colonial Documentary Film in South and South-East Asia

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
East Asian ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Understanding

Writing from a wide range of historical perspectives, contributors to the anthology shed new light on historical, theoretical and empirical issues pertaining to the documentary film, in order to better comprehend the significant transformations of the form in colonial, late colonial and immediate post-colonial and postcolonial times in South and South-East Asia. In doing so, this anthology addresses an important gap in the global understanding of documentary discourses, practices, uses and styles. Based upon in-depth essays written by international authorities in the field and cutting-edge doctoral projects, this anthology is the first to encompass different periods, national contexts, subject matter and style in order to address important and also relatively little-known issues in colonial documentary film in the South and South-East Asian regions. This anthology is divided into three main thematic sections, each of which crosses national or geographical boundaries. The first section addresses issues of colonialism, late colonialism and independence. The second section looks at the use of the documentary film by missionaries and Christian evangelists, whilst the third explores the relation between documentary film, nationalism and representation.

Characteristics of Asian Mosquito Saliva Allergens for Specific Diagnoses and Effective Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soung-Hoo Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Recombinant Allergens ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mosquito Saliva ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Future Direction

An allergic reaction to mosquitoes can result in severe or abnormal local or systemic reactions such as anaphylaxis, angioedema, and general urticarial or wheezing. The aim of this review is to provide information on mosquito saliva allergens that can support the production of highly specific recombinant saliva allergens. In particular, candidate allergens of mosquitoes that are well suited to the ecology of mosquitoes that occur mainly in East Asia will be identified and introduced. By doing so, the diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe sensitivity to mosquito allergy will be improved by predicting the characteristics of East Asian mosquito allergy, presenting the future direction of production of recombinant allergens, and understanding the difference between East and West.

The Developmental Trading State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
East Asia ◽  
National Economy ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The State ◽  
State Model ◽  
Principal Function ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
The Way

This chapter demonstrates that the downwards pressure that state consolidation placed on mass violence was amplified by the type of state that emerged. Across East Asia, governments came to define themselves as “developmental” or “trading” states whose principal purpose was to grow the national economy and thereby improve the economic wellbeing of their citizens. Governments with different ideologies came to embrace economic growth and growing the prosperity of their populations as the principal function of the state and its core source of legitimacy. Despite some significant glitches along the way the adoption of the developmental trading state model has proven successful. Not only have East Asian governments succeeded in lifting hundreds of millions of people out of poverty, the practices and policy orientations dictated by this model helped shift governments and societies away from belligerent practices towards postures that prioritized peace and stability. This reinforced the trend towards greater peacefulness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document