Effects of the mycelial extract of cultured Cordyceps sinensis on in vivo hepatic energy metabolism and blood flow in dietary hypoferric anaemic mice

The beneficial effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, Cordyceps sinensis (Cs), on mice with hypoferric anaemia were evaluated by NMR spectroscopy. Experimental hypoferric anaemia was induced in mice by feeding with an Fe-free diet for 6 weeks. They were then given extract from cultured Cs (200 mg/kg body weight daily, orally) and were placed on an Fe-containing recovery diet (35 mg Fe/kg diet) for 4 weeks. In vivo31P and 2H NMR spectra acquired noninvasively and quantitatively at weekly intervals were used to evaluate hepatic energy metabolism and blood flow in the mice. During the 4-week Cs-extract treatment, consistent increases were observed in liver β-ATP: inorganic phosphate value by liver 31P NMR spectroscopy, representing the high energy state, and in blood-flow rate as determined by 2H NMR spectroscopy of deuterated water (D2O) uptake after intravenous injection of D2O. The haematological variables (the packed cell volume and the haemoglobin level) and the hepatic intracellular pH, which was determined from the NMR chemical shift difference between the inorganic phosphate peak and the α-phosphate peak of ATP, were not significantly different between Cs-extract-treated and control mice. As blood flow and energy metabolism are thought to be linked, the Cs-extract-increased hepatic energy metabolism in the dietary hypoferric anaemic mice was concluded to be due to increased hepatic blood flow.

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Effect of Dihydroergocristine on Energy Metabolism Studied in the Isolated Perfused Rat Brain Affected by Ischemia and in Neuroblastoma Cells Deprived of Oxygen and Glucose

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1984.86 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 610-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Rachman ◽

L. Kellmann ◽

J. Krieglstein

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Rat Brain ◽

Energy State ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Neuroblastoma Cells ◽

Creatine Phosphate ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Phosphates ◽

Isolated Perfused Rat Brain

The effect of dihydroergocristine on energy metabolism was studied in the isolated perfused rat brain affected by ischemia and in cultivated C-1300 neuroblastoma cells deprived of oxygen and glucose. Creatine phosphate, ATP, ADP, AMP, glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate, pyruvate, and lactate were measured enzymatically. After a perfusion period of 30 min, the cortex of the isolated perfused rat brain exhibited an energy state not different from that in vivo. Dihydroergocristine added to the perfusion medium (5 μmol/L) did not influence these substrate levels under normal perfusion conditions. However, this drug was able to retard the breakdown of high-energy phosphates during ischemia and to accelerate the restoration of the energy state during the postischemic reperfusion period. The perfusion rate was not changed by the drug, and therefore it was assumed that dihydroergocristine could act directly on cell metabolism. This view was supported by the results obtained from experiments using cultivated N-2a neuroblastoma cells. These cells were incubated in a buffered salt solution deprived of glucose and oxygen for 15 min. Under these conditions, dihydroergocristine (2 μmol/L) added to the incubation medium caused changes in the concentrations of the high-energy phosphates similar to those in the isolated brain preparation: It increased the ATP concentration and decreased the ADP concentration significantly.

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Effects of the Mycelial Extract of Cultured Cordyceps Sinensis on In Vivo Hepatic Energy Metabolism in the Mouse

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1254/jjp.70.85 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 85-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Noboru Manabe ◽

Miki Sugimoto ◽

Yasuyoshi Azuma ◽

Naoki Taketomo ◽

Akio Yamashita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Cordyceps Sinensis ◽

Hepatic Energy Metabolism ◽

Mycelial Extract

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In vivo Evidence for Cerebral Depletion in High-Energy Phosphates in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.2009.2 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 861-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Maria Stamelou ◽

Ulrich Pilatus ◽

Alexander Reuss ◽

Jörg Magerkurth ◽

Karla M Eggert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Basal Ganglia ◽

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽

Inorganic Phosphate ◽

High Energy ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

High Energy Phosphates ◽

Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽

Neuronal Marker

Indirect evidence from laboratory studies suggests that mitochondrial energy metabolism is impaired in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), but brain energy metabolism has not yet been studied directly in vivo in a comprehensive manner in patients. We have used combined phosphorus and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure adenosine-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine-diphosphate (ADP), phosphorylated creatine, unphosphorylated creatine, inorganic phosphate and lactate in the basal ganglia and the frontal and occipital lobes of clinically probable patients ( N= 21; PSP stages II to III) and healthy controls ( N= 9). In the basal ganglia, which are severely affected creatine in PSP patients, the concentrations of high-energy phosphates (= ATP + phosphorylated creatine) and inorganic phosphate, but not low-energy phosphates (=ADP+ unphosphorylated creatine), were decreased. The decrease probably does not reflect neuronal death, as the neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate was not yet significantly reduced in the early-stage patients examined. The frontal lobe, also prone to neurodegeneration in PSP, showed similar alterations, whereas the occipital lobe, typically unaffected, showed less pronounced alterations. The levels of lactate, a product of anaerobic glycolysis, were elevated in 35% of the patients. The observed changes in the levels of cerebral energy metabolites in PSP are consistent with a functionally relevant impairment of oxidative phosphorylation.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (1H) and spectroscopy (1H, 31P) of growing chicken embryos

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas93-096 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 953-965 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Lirette ◽

Z. Liu ◽

D. C. Crober ◽

R. A. Towner ◽

U. M. Oehler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Nmr Spectra ◽

Surface Coil ◽

Nmr Imaging ◽

Chicken Embryos ◽

H Nmr ◽

Imaging And Spectroscopy ◽

Two Peaks

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and spectroscopy techniques were used to observe in vivo anatomical and metabolite changes, respectively, in developing chicken embryos. Proton (1H) NMR images of the eggs revealed major changes in yolk shape from day 2 to day 6. Embryos were visible from day 6 to hatching, and good embryonic anatomical images were obtained. Two peaks were observed from 1H-NMR spectroscopy of fertilized eggs: one for lipid methylene protons, and one for water protons. Water peak to lipid peak ratios did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) from day 2 to day 21 of incubation. Localized 31P-NMR spectra of developing embryos were obtained with either a 31P surface coil or a double-tuned 31P/1H volume coil. The surface-coil method gave a greater signal to noise ratio by a factor of four. The 31P-NMR spectra indicated two peaks at day 2; these were attributed to phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters. The three peaks characteristic of ATP appeared on day 11 and increased in size until hatching. From day 19, phosphocreatine was detectable. There appeared to be a good correlation between 31P-metabolite changes detected by in vivo 31P-NMR spectroscopy and literature values for biochemical analyses of developing chicken embryos. The advantage in using NMR imaging and spectroscopy techniques is that anatomical and metabolic changes can be obtained in vivo, non-invasively and repeatedly as an embryo develops. Key words: NMR, MRI, embryo, poultry

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The Effect of Ischemia and Hypoxia on Renal Blood Flow, Energy Metabolism and Function in Vivo

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXV ◽

10.1007/978-1-4757-6125-2_14 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 93-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Donna Amran-Cohen ◽

Judith Sonn ◽

Merav Luger-Hamer ◽

Avraham Mayevsky

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Renal Blood Flow ◽

Flow Energy ◽

And Function

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Ex Vivo MuEtinuciear NMR Spectroscopy of Perfused, Respiring Rat Brain Slices: Model Studies of Hypoxia, Ischemia, and Excitotoxscit

Biological NMR Spectroscopy ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195094688.003.0031 ◽

1997 ◽

Author(s):

L. Litt ◽

M.T. Espanol

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Brain Slices ◽

In Vivo Nmr ◽

In Vivo Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Permanent Brain Damage ◽

The Brain

We believe there are important roles for in vivo NMR spectroscopy techniques in studies of protection and treatment in stroke. Perhaps the primary utility of in vivo NMR spectroscopy is to establish the relevance of metabolic integrity, intracellular pH, and intracellular energy stores to concurrent changes occurring both at gross physiological levels (e.g., changes in cerebral blood flow, or blood oxygenation), and at microscopic or cellular levels. It has long been known that the brain is exquisitely sensitive to deprivations of oxygen, glucose, and cerebral blood flow. Routine human surgery on a limb takes place every day with tourniquets stopping all blood flow for up to two hours. In contrast, the deprivation of all blood flow to the brain (global ischemia) for approximately 5 minutes can result in severe, permanent brain damage. Research has gone on for more than 30 years to understand why the brain’s revival time is so much shorter, and to discover brain biochemical interventions that might dramatically extend the brain’s intolerance beyond 5 minutes, and therefore be relevant to protection and treatment of stroke. (Kogure and Hossmann, 1985; 1993) Stroke, defined as a permanent neurologic deficit arising from the death of brain cells, kills ∼ 150,000 people in the U.S.A. each year, and is the third leading cause of death (Feinleib et al., 1993). It is the next malady to escape, once one has dodged death from cardiovascular disease and cancer. Many, if not most, U.S.A. stroke victims will receive neurological clinical care not substantially different from what was provided 30 years ago. Most stroke patients will be put in intensive care units where blood pressure will be regulated and kept in a “safe” range, with the body given supportive care and the brain given an opportunity to heal itself. The problem of stroke is actually quite complex because there are several different kinds of stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic, etc.), and because numerous systemic physiological factors are of relevance. Nevertheless, exciting advances in brain biochemistry suggest that stroke therapy and prophylaxis axe likely to improve dramatically in the near future (Zivin and Choi, 1991).

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Reduction of the Formyl Group of Zinc Pheophorbide b in vitro and in vivo: a Model for the Chlorophyll b to a Transformation

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1996-3-409 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 51 (3-4) ◽

pp. 185-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Verena Scheumann ◽

Michael Helfrich ◽

Siegrid Schoch ◽

Wolfhart Rüdiger

Keyword(s):

Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Chemical Reduction ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Formyl Group ◽

Pheophorbide A ◽

Pheophytin A ◽

H Nmr

Abstract The chemical reduction of the formyl group of pheophorbide b with sodium cyanoborohy dride in methanol leads to 71-methoxy-and 71-hydroxy-pheophorbide a. The same reaction with zinc pheophorbide b yields in addition zinc pheophorbide a. This was characterized by mass and 1H -NMR spectroscopy. Infiltration of zinc pheophorbides a and b and of zinc 71-hydroxy-pheophorbide a into etiolated oat leaves yielded phytylated products. The best yield in the esterification was obtained with 71-hydroxy-pheophorbide a. Analysis of the products revealed the formation of zinc pheophytin a from all infiltrated compounds. The significance for the transformation of chlorophyll b into chlorophyll a is discussed.

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