scholarly journals The Mediterranean diet protects against waist circumference enlargement in 12Ala carriers for the PPARγ gene: 2 years' follow-up of 774 subjects at high cardiovascular risk

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 672-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Razquin ◽  
J. Alfredo Martinez ◽  
Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez ◽  
Dolores Corella ◽  
José Manuel Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Pro12ala Polymorphism ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Pparγ Gene

The PPARγ gene regulates insulin sensitivity and adipogenesis. The Pro12Ala polymorphism of this gene has been related to fat accumulation. Our aim was to analyse the effects of a 2-year nutritional intervention with Mediterranean-style diets on adiposity in high-cardiovascular risk patients depending on the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARγ gene. The population consisted of a substudy (774 high-risk subjects aged 55–80 years) of the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) randomised trial aimed at assessing the effect of the Mediterranean diet for CVD prevention. There were three nutritional intervention groups: two of them of a Mediterranean-style diet and the third was a control group advised to follow a conventional low-fat diet. All the participants were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The results showed that carriers of the 12Ala allele allocated to the control group had a statistically significant higher change in waist circumference (adjusted difference coefficient = 2·37 cm; P = 0·014) compared with wild-type subjects after 2 years of nutritional intervention. This adverse effect was not observed among 12Ala carriers allocated to both Mediterranean diet groups. In diabetic patients a statistically significant interaction between Mediterranean diet and the 12Ala allele regarding waist circumference change was observed ( − 5·85 cm; P = 0·003). In conclusion, the Mediterranean diet seems to be able to reduce waist circumference in a high-cardiovascular risk population, reversing the negative effect that the 12Ala allele carriers of the PPARγ gene appeared to have. The beneficial effect of this dietary pattern seems to be higher among type 2 diabetic subjects.

scholarly journals A Remote Nutritional Intervention to Change the Dietary Habits of Patients Undergoing Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/21436 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. e21436
Author(s):  
Leticia Goni ◽  
Víctor de la O ◽  
M Teresa Barrio-López ◽  
Pablo Ramos ◽  
Luis Tercedor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Mediterranean

Background The Prevention With Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) trial supported the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention conducted by a dietitian to prevent cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of a remote intervention to follow the Mediterranean diet has been less explored. Objective This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a remotely provided Mediterranean diet–based nutritional intervention in obtaining favorable dietary changes in the context of a secondary prevention trial of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods The PREvention of recurrent arrhythmias with Mediterranean diet (PREDIMAR) study is a 2-year multicenter, randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial to assess the effect of the Mediterranean diet enriched with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on the prevention of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation. Participants in sinus rhythm after ablation were randomly assigned to an intervention group (Mediterranean diet enriched with EVOO) or a control group (usual clinical care). The remote nutritional intervention included phone contacts (1 per 3 months) and web-based interventions with provision of dietary recommendations, and participants had access to a web page, a mobile app, and printed resources. The information is divided into 6 areas: Recommended foods, Menus, News and Online resources, Practical tips, Mediterranean diet classroom, and Your personal experience. At baseline and at 1-year and 2-year follow-up, the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire were collected by a dietitian by phone. Results A total of 720 subjects were randomized (365 to the intervention group, 355 to the control group). Up to September 2020, 560 subjects completed the first year (560/574, retention rate 95.6%) and 304 completed the second year (304/322, retention rate 94.4%) of the intervention. After 24 months of follow-up, increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet was observed in both groups, but the improvement was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (net between-group difference: 1.8 points in the MEDAS questionnaire (95% CI 1.4-2.2; P<.001). Compared with the control group, the Mediterranean diet intervention group showed a significant increase in the consumption of fruits (P<.001), olive oil (P<.001), whole grain cereals (P=.002), pulses (P<.001), nuts (P<.001), white fish (P<.001), fatty fish (P<.001), and white meat (P=.007), and a significant reduction in refined cereals (P<.001), red and processed meat (P<.001), and sweets (P<.001) at 2 years of intervention. In terms of nutrients, the intervention group significantly increased their intake of omega-3 (P<.001) and fiber (P<.001), and they decreased their intake of carbohydrates (P=.02) and saturated fatty acids (P<.001) compared with the control group. Conclusions The remote nutritional intervention using a website and phone calls seems to be effective in increasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern among AF patients treated with catheter ablation. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03053843; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03053843

scholarly journals Polyphenol-Rich Foods in the Mediterranean Diet are Associated with Better Cognitive Function in Elderly Subjects at High Cardiovascular Risk

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinta Valls-Pedret ◽  
Rosa Maria Lamuela-Raventós ◽  
Alexander Medina-Remón ◽  
Melibea Quintana ◽  
Dolores Corella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Relevant associations of the glucokinase regulatory protein/glucokinase gene variation with TAG concentrations in a high-cardiovascular risk population: modulation by the Mediterranean diet

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Sotos-Prieto ◽  
Marisa Guillén ◽  
Jose Vicente Sorli ◽  
Olga Portolés ◽  
Patricia Guillem-Saiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Glucokinase Gene ◽  
Glucokinase Regulatory Protein ◽  
Gene Variation ◽  
Lower Glucose ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Opposing Effects

The SNP rs1260326 (P446L) and rs1799884 ( − 30G>A) for the glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) and glucokinase (GCK) genes, respectively, have been associated with opposing effects on TAG and glucose concentrations. However, their genetic modulation by diet (dietary patterns or foods) remains to be investigated. We studied 945 high-cardiovascular risk subjects aged 67 (sd 6) years who participated in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-Valencia Study. Demographic, clinical, biochemical and genetic data were obtained. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and food intake were measured by validated questionnaires. Carriers of the L allele of GKCR had significantly higher TAG concentrations (PP: 1·34 (sd 0·05) mmol/l v. PL+LL: 1·54 (sd 0·03) mmol/l; P= 0·014) and LL carriers had lower glucose concentrations (PL+PP: 6·85 (sd 0·08) mmol/l v. LL: 6·40 (sd 0·16) mmol/l; P= 0·032) after multivariate adjustment. Conversely, homozygous subjects for the variant allele (A) in the GCK gene had significantly lower TAG (GG+GA: 1·48 (sd 0·03) mmol/l v. AA: 1·17 (sd 0·18) mmol/l; P= 0·033) and a higher risk of diabetes (OR 3·3, 95 % CI 1·2, 9·2). Combined effects for both SNP increased TAG concentrations by 37 % (P= 0·033). Adherence to the MD modulated the effects of GCKR polymorphism on TAG: subjects with genetic risk had lower TAG (L-allele carriers; PP: 1·48 (sd 0·14) mmol/l v. PL+LL: 1·51 (sd 0·08) mmol/l; P= 0·917) compared with those with a higher adherence. Analysis of the joint effects of the GCKR and individual food items identified significant associations (olive oil (P= 0·035), vegetables (P= 0·012), red meat (P= 0·017), butter (P= 0·039), sweetened carbonated beverages (P= 0·036) and nuts (P= 0·038)). In conclusion, we found that rs1260326 (GCKR) is significantly associated with higher TAG concentrations, but is modulated by adherence to the MD.

scholarly journals Circulating Adiponectin and Its Association with Metabolic Traits and Type 2 Diabetes: Gene-Diet Interactions Focusing on Selected Gene Variants and at the Genome-Wide Level in High-Cardiovascular Risk Mediterranean Subjects

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Oscar Coltell ◽  
Carolina Ortega-Azorín ◽  
Jose V. Sorlí ◽  
Olga Portolés ◽  
Eva M. Asensio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
Metabolic Traits ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Mediterranean

Adiponectin is gaining renewed interest since, in addition to its possible protective role against insulin resistance and arteriosclerosis, recent studies suggest other additional favorable effects. However, the influence of gene-diet interactions on plasma adiponectin levels is still little understood. We analyzed the association between plasma adiponectin levels and various metabolic traits in a high-cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population, as well as the genetic effect of four candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and their interactions with the Mediterranean dietary pattern. Additionally, we explored, at the genome-wide level, the SNPs most associated with plasma adiponectin levels, as well as gene–diet interactions with the Mediterranean diet. In the 954 participants studied (aged 55–80 years), plasma adiponectin levels were strongly associated with plasma HDL-C concentrations (p = 6.6 × 10−36) and inversely related to triglycerides (p = 4.7 × 10−18), fasting glucose (p = 3.5 × 10−16) and type 2 diabetes (p = 1.4 × 10−7). Of the four pre-selected ADIPOQ candidate SNPs, the one most associated with plasma adiponectin was the −11391G > A (rs17300539) promoter SNP (p = 7.2 × 10−5, in the multivariable adjusted model). No significant interactions with the Mediterranean diet pattern were observed for these SNPs. Additionally, in the exploratory genome-wide association study (GWAS), we found new SNPs associated with adiponectin concentrations at the suggestive genome-wide level (p < 1 × 10−5) for the whole population, including the lead SNP rs9738548 (intergenic) and rs11647294 in the VAT1L (Vesicle Amine Transport 1 Like) gene. We also found other promising SNPs on exploring different strata such as men, women, diabetics and non-diabetics (p = 3.5 × 10−8 for rs2850066). Similarly, we explored gene–Mediterranean diet interactions at the GWAS level and identified several SNPs with gene–diet interactions at p < 1 × 10−5. A remarkable gene–diet interaction was revealed for the rs2917570 SNP in the OPCML (Opioid Binding Protein/Cell Adhesion Molecule Like) gene, previously reported to be associated with adiponectin levels in some populations. Our results suggest that, in this high-cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population, and even though adiponectin is favorably associated with metabolic traits and lower type 2 diabetes, the gene variants more associated with adiponectin may be population-specific, and some suggestive gene–Mediterranean diet interactions were detected.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Motivational Nutritional Intervention through Social Networks 2.0 to Increase Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Improve Lung Function in Active Smokers: The DIET Study, a Randomized, Controlled and Parallel Clinical Trial in Primary Care

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3597
Author(s):  
Patricia Salamanca-González ◽  
Rosa Maria Valls-Zamora ◽  
Anna Pedret-Figuerola ◽  
Mar Sorlí-Aguilar ◽  
Antoni Santigosa-Ayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Improve Lung Function ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Mediterranean

Background: Diet can help preserve lung function in smokers, as well as aid individuals who avoid smoking. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention, using the Social Networks 2.0 tool, to increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and improve lung function in smokers without prior respiratory disease. Methods: A randomized controlled parallel design was used. The participants were assigned to either the intervention or control group. Data from representative smokers without respiratory disease (n = 77) aged 18–70 years were analyzed. The participants completed a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and their adherence to the diet was evaluated by using the questionnaire called the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS, with 14 items), which considers ≥9 points to indicate high adherence. The lung function was assessed by spirometry. Associations among variables were determined by logistic regression. Results: A comparison of the variables at the end of the study between the control and intervention groups showed that the intervention significantly increased adherence to the MD based on the MEDAS questionnaire (0.69 (2.1) vs. 2.05 (2.03); p = 0.009). Specifically, the consumption of fruits was increased after two years in both groups; however, a more significant increase was detected in the intervention group (121 (178) vs. 12.7 (167) in the control group; p-value = 0.008). In the unadjusted analysis, the intervention only showed a statistical significant increase in the score of adherence to the MD (β: 1.36; 95% CI 0.35; 2.3; p = 0.009), and this increase was maintained after adjusting for age and sex (β: 1.15; 95% CI 0.05; 2.2; p = 0.040) and after adjusting for various sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric variables (β: 1.17; 95% CI 0.02; 2.31; p = 0.046). The pulmonary function parameters improved more in the intervention group; however, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusions: A nutritional intervention based on a dietetic-nutritional education program resulted in a significant increase in adherence to the MD. However, some evidence suggests that an MD dietary intervention can improve lung function, but in our study, we were not able to demonstrate this. Further research is needed to obtain more robust data and confirm a possible benefit of the program before it can be extended to general practice.

scholarly journals A Remote Nutritional Intervention to Change the Dietary Habits of Patients Undergoing Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Goni ◽  
Víctor de la O ◽  
M Teresa Barrio-López ◽  
Pablo Ramos ◽  
Luis Tercedor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Mediterranean

BACKGROUND The Prevention With Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) trial supported the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention conducted by a dietitian to prevent cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of a remote intervention to follow the Mediterranean diet has been less explored. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a remotely provided Mediterranean diet–based nutritional intervention in obtaining favorable dietary changes in the context of a secondary prevention trial of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS The PREvention of recurrent arrhythmias with Mediterranean diet (PREDIMAR) study is a 2-year multicenter, randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial to assess the effect of the Mediterranean diet enriched with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on the prevention of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation. Participants in sinus rhythm after ablation were randomly assigned to an intervention group (Mediterranean diet enriched with EVOO) or a control group (usual clinical care). The remote nutritional intervention included phone contacts (1 per 3 months) and web-based interventions with provision of dietary recommendations, and participants had access to a web page, a mobile app, and printed resources. The information is divided into 6 areas: <i>Recommended foods</i>, <i>Menus</i>, <i>News and Online resources</i>, <i>Practical tips</i>, <i>Mediterranean diet classroom</i>, and <i>Your personal experience</i>. At baseline and at 1-year and 2-year follow-up, the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire were collected by a dietitian by phone. RESULTS A total of 720 subjects were randomized (365 to the intervention group, 355 to the control group). Up to September 2020, 560 subjects completed the first year (560/574, retention rate 95.6%) and 304 completed the second year (304/322, retention rate 94.4%) of the intervention. After 24 months of follow-up, increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet was observed in both groups, but the improvement was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (net between-group difference: 1.8 points in the MEDAS questionnaire (95% CI 1.4-2.2; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Compared with the control group, the Mediterranean diet intervention group showed a significant increase in the consumption of fruits (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), olive oil (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), whole grain cereals (<i>P</i>=.002), pulses (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), nuts (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), white fish (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), fatty fish (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and white meat (<i>P</i>=.007), and a significant reduction in refined cereals (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), red and processed meat (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and sweets (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) at 2 years of intervention. In terms of nutrients, the intervention group significantly increased their intake of omega-3 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and fiber (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and they decreased their intake of carbohydrates (<i>P</i>=.02) and saturated fatty acids (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The remote nutritional intervention using a website and phone calls seems to be effective in increasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern among AF patients treated with catheter ablation. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03053843; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03053843

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