scholarly journals Dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA does not promote weight loss when combined with a very-low-energy diet

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 1466-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene A. Munro ◽  
Manohar L. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Very Low Energy Diet ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Obesity is associated with elevated levels of inflammation and metabolic abnormalities which are linked to CVD. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether long-chain n-3 PUFA (LCn-3PUFA), combined with a very-low-energy diet (VLED), facilitated weight loss and weight maintenance, and improvements in blood lipids and inflammatory mediators. This was a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial with two parallel groups. For 14 weeks, one group consumed 6 × 1 g capsules/d of monounsaturated oil (placebo group, PB), and the other group consumed 6 × 1 g capsules/d of LCn-3PUFA (fish oil group, FO), each comprising 70 mg EPA and 270 mg DHA. Both groups were on VLED for 4 weeks (n 14 PB, n 18 FO), which was then followed by 10 weeks of weight maintenance (n 12 PB, n 17 FO). Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements and 3 d food diaries were collected at baseline, at 4 and 14 weeks. A greater-than-2-fold increase occurred in plasma levels of EPA and DHA in the FO group (P < 0·001). At 4 weeks, the mean weight loss was − 6·54 (sd 2·08) kg ( − 6·9 %) for PB and − 6·87 (sd 1·83) kg ( − 7·7 %) for FO. At week 14, after the maintenance phase, there was a further mean decrease in weight, − 1·57 (sd 3·7) kg (1·85 %) for PB and − 1·69 (sd 2·32) kg ( − 1·9 %) for FO. Both groups experienced improved metabolic profiles and there was a significant reduction in fat mass for the FO group at week 14 but not for PB. However, it would appear that supplementation with LCn-3PUFA had no significant effect on weight loss or weight maintenance over the 14 weeks.

scholarly journals Post-weight loss changes in fasting appetite- and energy balance-related hormone concentrations and the effect of the macronutrient content of a weight maintenance diet: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Näätänen ◽  
Marjukka Kolehmainen ◽  
David E. Laaksonen ◽  
Karl-Heinz Herzig ◽  
Kaisa Poutanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Ghrelin Concentration ◽  
Very Low Energy Diet ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Purpose We investigated the effects of the macronutrient composition of diets with differing satiety values on fasting appetite-related hormone concentrations after weight loss and examined whether the hormone secretion adapted to changes in body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) during the weight maintenance period (WM). Methods Eighty-two men and women with obesity underwent a 7-week very-low-energy diet (VLED) and were then randomised to a higher-satiety food (HSF) group or a lower-satiety food (LSF) group during 24-weeks of the WM. The groups consumed isoenergetic foods with different satiety ratings and macronutrient compositions. Results During the WM, the HSF group consumed more protein and dietary fibre and less fat than the LSF group, but the groups showed similar changes in body weight and fasting appetite-related hormones. In the whole study sample, VLED induced 12 kg (p < 0.001) weight loss. At the end of the WM, weight regain was 1.3 kg (p = 0.004), ghrelin concentration increased, whereas leptin, insulin, and glucose concentrations decreased compared to pre-VLED levels (p < 0.001 for all). Peptide YY did not differ from pre-VLED levels. Changes in ghrelin levels were inversely associated with changes in FFM during weeks 0–12 of the WM (p = 0.002), while changes in leptin and insulin levels were positively associated with changes in FM during weeks 0–12 (p = 0.015 and p = 0.038, respectively) and weeks 12–24 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.022) of the WM. Conclusions The macronutrient composition of an isoenergetic WM diet did not affect fasting appetite-related hormone concentrations. Leptin and insulin adjusted to the reduced FM, whereas ghrelin reflected FFM during the first months of the WM. Trial registration isrctn.com, ID 67529475.

scholarly journals Effect of a very low energy diet on moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnoea in obese men: a randomised controlled trial

BMJ ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 339 (dec03 1) ◽  
pp. b4609-b4609 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Johansson ◽  
M. Neovius ◽  
Y. T. Lagerros ◽  
R. Harlid ◽  
S. Rossner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Very Low Energy Diet ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Low Energy Diet

scholarly journals Diet-Induced Weight Loss and Exercise Alone and in Combination Enhance the Expression of Adiponectin Receptors in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle, but Only Diet-Induced Weight Loss Enhanced Circulating Adiponectin

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Christiansen ◽  
Søren K. Paulsen ◽  
Jens M. Bruun ◽  
Thorkil Ploug ◽  
Steen B. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Hypocaloric Diet ◽  
Adiponectin Receptors ◽  
Very Low Energy Diet ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of weight loss and exercise independently and in combination on circulating levels of adiponectin including low molecular weight, medium molecular weight, and high molecular weight adiponectin and expression of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR) in adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM). Design and Methods: Seventy-nine obese males and females were randomized into the following: 1) exercise only (12 wk of exercise without diet restriction); 2) hypocaloric diet [8 wk of very low energy diet (600 kcal/d) followed by 4 wk with a weight maintenance diet]; and 3) hypocaloric diet and exercise (DEX; 8 wk very low energy diet 800 kcal/d followed by 4 wk weight maintenance diet combined with exercise throughout the 12 wk). Blood samples and biopsies from sc abdominal AT and SM were collected at baseline and after 12 wk. The molecular subforms of adiponectin in serum were determined by Western blot. Results: The mRNA expression of AdipoR1 and -2 in SM was increased significantly in the exercise-only and DEX groups (both P &lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression of adiponectin and AdipoRs in AT was increased significantly in all three groups (all P &lt; 0.01), whereas serum total circulating adiponectin was significantly increased only in the DEX and hypocaloric diet groups (both P &lt; 0.01). All the adiponectin subforms changed in a similar manner as total adiponectin, indicating no specific regulation of any of the subforms by the intervention. Conclusion: Exercise alone and in combination with a diet-induced weight loss enhance the mRNA expression of adiponectin receptors in AT and in SM but only a pronounced hypocaloric-induced weight-loss increases circulating adiponectin in obese subjects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document