scholarly journals Breakfast consumption is positively associated with nutrient adequacy in Canadian children and adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan I. Barr ◽  
Loretta DiFrancesco ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
The Impact

Although breakfast is associated with more favourable nutrient intake profiles in children, limited data exist on the impact of breakfast on nutrient adequacy and the potential risk of excessive intakes. Accordingly, we assessed differences in nutrient intake and adequacy among breakfast non-consumers, consumers of breakfasts with ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) and consumers of other types of breakfasts. We used cross-sectional data from 12 281 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years who took part in the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey, 2004. Mean nutrient intakes (obtained using a multiple-pass 24 h recall method) were compared among the breakfast groups using covariate-adjusted regression analysis. Usual nutrient intake distributions, generated using the National Cancer Institute method, were used to determine the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy or the potential risk of excessive intakes from food sources alone and from the combination of food plus supplements. Of these Canadian children, 10 % were breakfast non-consumers, 33 % were consumers of RTEC breakfasts and 57 % were consumers of other types of breakfasts. Non-consumption of breakfast increased with age (4–8 years: 2 %; 9–13 years: 9 %; 14–18 years: 18 %). Breakfast consumers had higher covariate-adjusted intakes of energy, many nutrients and fibre, and lower fat intakes. The prevalence of nutrient inadequacy for vitamin D, Ca, Fe and Mg (from food alone or from the combination of food plus supplements) was highest in breakfast non-consumers, intermediate in consumers of other types of breakfasts and lowest in consumers of RTEC breakfast. For vitamin A, P and Zn, breakfast non-consumers had a higher prevalence of nutrient inadequacy than both breakfast groups. The potential risk of excessive nutrient intakes was low in all groups. Efforts to encourage and maintain breakfast consumption in children and adolescents are warranted.

scholarly journals Intakes of nutrients and food categories in Canadian children and adolescents across levels of sugars intake: Cross-sectional analyses of the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015 Public Use Microdata File

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Chiavaroli ◽  
Ye (Flora) Wang ◽  
Mavra Ahmed ◽  
Alena (Praneet) Ng ◽  
Chiara DiAngelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Older Adolescents

Dietary recommendations to reduce sugars consumption may influence choices of sugars-containing foods and affect the intake of key micronutrients. We compared intakes of nutrients and food sources stratified by quintiles of total sugars in Canadian children (2-8y) and adolescents (9-13y, 14-18y) using 24-hour dietary recalls from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition. Energy intakes did not differ across quintiles of sugars intake. Those with lower sugars intakes (Q1/Q3) generally had higher protein, fat, sodium, niacin, folate and zinc and lower vitamin C compared to those with the highest sugars intakes (Q5). Q1 also had lower potassium but higher saturated fat compared to Q5. Further, Q1 generally had higher protein, fats and niacin compared to Q3, while children in Q3 had higher potassium and riboflavin and older adolescents had higher calcium and fibre. Q5 had highest intakes of multiple sugar-containing food categories (e.g. fruit, confectionary, milks, cakes/pies/pastries), with higher sugars-sweetened beverages in adolescents. Q3 had higher fruit, milks and fruit juice compared to Q1 and lower sugars/syrups/preserves, confectionary, and fruit juices compared to Q5. Certain nutrient-dense food sources of sugars (fruit, milks) may help increase key nutrients (potassium, calcium, fibre) in older adolescents with low sugars intakes. However, in those with the highest sugars intakes, nutrient-poor foods may displace nutrient-dense foods. Novelty: • Canadian children and adolescents with lower sugars intake have better intakes of some nutrients • Energy intakes did not differ across sugars intake • Older adolescents with mean intakes of total sugars had better intakes of some key nutrients (potassium, calcium, fibre)

Micronutrient intakes and their food sources among Greek children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 2314-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia-Vasiliki Mitsopoulou ◽  
Emmanuella Magriplis ◽  
Ioannis Dimakopoulos ◽  
Dimitra Karageorgou ◽  
Ioanna Bakogianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers

AbstractObjective:To assess the usual dietary intake of twenty micronutrients and to identify their food sources in a representative sample of Greek children and adolescents.Design:Cross-sectional data from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS). Vitamin and mineral intakes were estimated from two 24 h dietary recalls by sex and age groups. Estimates were calculated using the National Research Council method and the statistical software package Stata13 to account for within- and between-person variations. The prevalence of nutrients’ inadequacy among sample was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method. The contribution of food groups to nutrient intake was estimated to identify micronutrients food sources.Setting:Greece.Participants:Children and adolescents aged 1–19 years (n 577) who provided sufficient and plausible 24-h recalls.Results:A substantial percentage of children and adolescents had insufficient intakes of numerous micronutrients. Usual intake of vitamins D, K and potassium was inadequate in practically all individuals. Vitamin A, folate, Ca and Mg were also insufficient to a considerable percentage, especially in girls aged 14–18 years. Pantothenic acid was highlighted as nutrient of interest since only one out of ten boys 9–13 years and girls 14–19 years had intake above the EAR. Data demonstrated that food groups highly ranked in energy contribution were not necessarily important sources of micronutrients.Conclusions:Results suggest that micronutrient density of Greek children and adolescents’ diet should be improved. These findings might be used by public health policy-makers to help young people optimise their food choices in Greece.

scholarly journals Relationship between Autistic Traits and Nutrient Intake among Japanese Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2258
Author(s):  
Hiromasa Tsujiguchi ◽  
Sakae Miyagi ◽  
Thao Thi Thu Nguyen ◽  
Akinori Hara ◽  
Yasuki Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Food Selectivity ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Increased food selectivity among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may lead to nutritional inadequacy. The present study examined differences in nutrient intake between children and adolescents with and without ASD. We utilized cross-sectional data from the ongoing population Shika Town rural Japanese study. The participants were 1276 Japanese pupils and students aged between 7 and 15 years. ASD traits were evaluated using the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ). Nutrient intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. A one-way analysis of covariance (one-way ANCOVA) was performed to compare the mean nutrient intakes between participants with and without ASD traits. A two-way ANCOVA was conducted to compare the mean nutrient intakes among participants with and without ASD traits in different age groups (children and adolescents). The results obtained showed that the intake of carbohydrates and slightly lower intakes of protein, fat, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, retinol, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, folic acid, and pantothenic acid were higher among children and adolescents with ASD than among those without ASD. No interactions were observed between the autistic groups and age groups, excluding energy intakes. The present results indicate the importance of screening the nutrient intakes of ASD children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Salt intake and its sources in children, adolescents and adults in Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noushin Mohammadifard ◽  
Atena Mahdavi ◽  
Alireza Khosravi ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Added Salt

Background: There is little evidence about salt intake and its food sources in the Iranian population, especially in children and adolescents. Aims: To investigate salt intake and dietary sources in Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2014–2015. We randomly selected 1384 adults (50.3% female, 49.7% male) aged > 18 years [mean 37.9 (10.6) years], and 786 children and adolescents (50.9% male, 49.1% female) aged 618 years [mean 12.5 (3.4) years]. All participants underwent a dietary assessment for salt intake, using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Results: The total salt intake was 10.9 (3.4) g/day in adults and 10.3 (2.9) g/day in children and adolescents. Added salt was the primary source of salt intake, followed by bread and cheese in both groups. Salt intake was related significantly to being younger, male, a smoker, less educated and physically active in the adult group. In children and adolescents, it was significantly associated with increasing age, male sex, low physical activity and parents’ education level (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Salt intake in Isfahan was more than twice that recommended by the World Health Organization. The main source of sodium was added salt, followed bread and cheese. Future national studies are warranted to assess the dietary salt intake and its main sources in different provinces in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Abstract P078: Contribution of Nutrients from Consumption of Low/Non-Fat/Light Ice Cream and Frozen Yogurt versus Regular Ice Cream to Total Daily Nutrient Intake

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Smerling ◽  
Douglas Balentine ◽  
Mary Kearney ◽  
Carolyn Scrafford ◽  
Leila Barraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Frozen Yogurt ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The impact on nutrient intake of replacing regular ice cream with low/non-fat/light ice cream and frozen yogurt (lower fat ice cream) is heretofore unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of daily nutrient intake from ice cream consumption to total daily dietary nutrient intake. Methods: Food intake and frequency of consumption data were based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2003–2004 and 2005–2006) and nutrient composition data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS). The NHANES datasets provide nationally representative nutrition and health data of the civilian U.S. population. A total of 16,783 individuals in the 2003–2006 survey periods provided 2 complete days of dietary recalls and nutrient intake estimates were derived using 2-day average intake analysis. Results: Mean consumption of regular and lower fat ice cream products in the US population was 68.5 and 77.1 grams/day, respectively and frequency of consumption was 0.2 and 0.22 eating occasion/day, respectively among consumers of ice cream. Figure 1 reveals that lower fat ice cream contributed equal or greater amounts of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin, and niacin to daily nutrient intakes for the U.S. population when compared with regular ice cream, with the exception of vitamin D. Alternatively, lower fat ice cream contributed lesser amounts of energy, saturated fat, and added sugar to daily nutrient intakes when compared to regular ice cream; lower fat ice cream contributed 56% less saturated fat to daily nutrient intake compared to regular ice cream. Conclusion: Consumers of low/non-fat/light ice cream and frozen yogurt had lower percent contribution of saturated fat to total daily nutrient intake compared to users of regular ice cream. Figure 1

Disturbed Appetite Patterns and Nutrient Intake in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wright ◽  
Graham Woodrow ◽  
Siobahn O'Brien ◽  
Neil King ◽  
Louise Dye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Objective Malnutrition is common among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Reduced nutrient intake contributes to this. It has long been assumed that this reflects disturbed appetite. We set out to define the appetite profiles of a group of PD patients using a novel technique. Design Prospective, cross-sectional comparison of PD patients versus controls. Setting Teaching hospital dialysis unit. Patients 39 PD patients and 42 healthy controls. Intervention Visual analog ratings were recorded at hourly intervals to generate daily profiles for hunger and fullness. Summary statistics were generated to compare the groups. Food intake was measured using 3-day dietary records. Main Outcome Measures Hunger and fullness profiles. Derived hunger and fullness scores. Results Controls demonstrated peaks of hunger before mealtimes, with fullness scores peaking after meals. The PD profiles had much reduced premeal hunger peaks. A postmeal reduction in hunger was evident, but the rest of the trace was flat. The PD fullness profile was also flatter than in the controls. Mean scores were similar despite the marked discrepancy in the profiles. The PD group had lower peak hunger and less diurnal variability in their hunger scores. They also demonstrated much less change in fullness rating around mealtimes, while the mean and peak fullness scores were little different. The reported nutrient intake was significantly lower for PD. Conclusion The data suggest that PD patients normalize their mean appetite perception at a lower level of nutrient intake than controls, suggesting that patient-reported appetite may be misleading in clinical practice. There is a loss of the usual daily variation for the PD group, which may contribute to their reduced food intake. The technique described here could be used to assess the impact of interventions upon the abnormal PD appetite profile.

scholarly journals Age, maturation and serum lipid parameters: findings from the German Health Survey for Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Schienkiewitz ◽  
Julia Truthmann ◽  
Andrea Ernert ◽  
Susanna Wiegand ◽  
Karl Otfried Schwab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pubertal Stages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Abstract Background Recommendations on preventive lipid screening among children and adolescents remain controversial. The aim of the study was to assess age and puberty-related changes in serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), and high-density (HDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C). Methods Using cross-sectional data from the National Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents in Germany (KiGGS 2003–2006; N = 13,676; 1–17 years), changes in distributions of serum lipids were visualized according to sex, age and maturation. Youth aged 10–17 years were classified as prepubescent, early/mid-puberty, and mature/advanced puberty. Multiple linear regressions were used to quantify the impact of pubertal stage on serum lipid levels, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results Among children 1–9 years mean serum lipid measures increased with age, with higher mean TC and Non-HDL-C among girls than boys. Among children 10–17 years, advanced pubertal stage was independently related to lower lipid measures. Adjusted mean TC, HDL-C and Non-HDL-C was 19.4, 5.9 and 13.6 mg/dL lower among mature/advanced puberty compared to prepubescent boys and 11.0, 4.0 and 7.0 mg/dL lower in mature/advanced puberty compared to prepubescent girls. Conclusions Lipid concentrations undergo considerable and sex-specific changes during physical growth and sexual maturation and significantly differ between pubertal stages. Screening recommendations need to consider the fluctuations of serum lipids during growth and sexual maturation.

The Impact of Modernisation on the Diets of Adults Aged 20-40 Years from Samoan Church Communities in Auckland

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Colin Bell ◽  
Boyd A. Swinburn ◽  
Henga Amosa ◽  
Robert Scragg ◽  
Susan J Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Church Communities

The objective of this study was to describe the food and nutrient intakes of adults in three Samoan church communities located in Auckland, New Zealand. The study had a cross-sectional design and measured usual dietary intake in 437 participants, aged 20 years and over, using a self-completed, 89-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Median daily energy and nutrient intakes were calculated and compared by gender and age groups. Men obtained a significantly (p<0.05) lower proportion of their energy from breads and cereals, fruits and vegetables and fats and oils than women. Compared to those aged 40+ years, those aged <40 obtained a significantly (p<0.01) lower proportion of their energy from meat, pulses and eggs, fruit and vegetables, and starchy staples. A significantly (p<0.01) higher proportion of their energy intake came from takeaways, soft drinks, snacks and dairy products. Nutrient analysis revealed that those aged <40 years obtained significantly (p<.001) more energy from fat and sugar, and less energy from protein (p<0.001) than the older group. They also had significantly lower intakes, per 1000 kilocalories, of a wide selection of vitamins and minerals. A dietary transition has occurred for New Zealand Samoans, reflecting a shift from traditional to modern dietary patterns and a decline in the nutritional quality of the diet.

scholarly journals Dietary fat intake – food sources and dietary correlates in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Mattisson ◽  
Elisabet Wirfält ◽  
Carin Andrén ◽  
Bo Gullberg ◽  
Göran Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Diet And Cancer

AbstractObjectives:To identify food sources of fat, to compare food and nutrient intakes at different levels of relative fat intake, and to examine the contribution of different food groups to the variation in relative fat intake. Relative fat intake was expressed as energy contributed by fat in percentage of non-alcohol energy.Design:Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. An interview-based diet history method, a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used to obtain data. Analysis of variance compared food and nutrient intakes across quintiles of relative fat intake. Stepwise regression examined the contribution of food groups to the variation in relative fat intake.Setting:Baseline examinations were conducted between 1991 and 1996 in the city of Malmö, southern Sweden.Subjects:A sub-sample of 7055 women and 3240 men of the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.Results:The major fat sources were dairy products, margarines, meat & meat products, and cakes & buns. Most plant foods, especially fruit, vegetables and breakfast cereals, were negatively associated with fat intake. Low fat consumers had significantly higher intakes of dietary fibre, vitamin C, β-carotene, folic acid, iron, zinc and calcium. Intakes of all types of fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins were positively associated with fat consumption.Conclusions:The results suggest that many food groups and nutrients may confound the associations between relative fat intake and disease. Plant foods, especially, are important to consider in studies of fat intake and disease risk.

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