scholarly journals Intake of total and added sugars and nutrient dilution in Australian children and adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1875-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Chun Yu Louie ◽  
Linda C. Tapsell
Keyword(s):  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
National Nutrition Survey ◽  
Children's Nutrition ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
Nutrient Reference Values ◽  
Activity Survey

AbstractThis analysis aimed to examine the association between intake of sugars (total or added) and nutrient intake with data from a recent Australian national nutrition survey, the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2007ANCNPAS). Data from participants (n 4140; 51 % male) who provided 2×plausible 24-h recalls were included in the analysis. The values on added sugars for foods were estimated using a previously published ten-step systematic methodology. Reported intakes of nutrients and foods defined in the 2007ANCNPAS were analysed by age- and sex-specific quintiles of %energy from added sugars (%EAS) or %energy from total sugars (%ETS) using ANCOVA. Linear trends across the quintiles were examined using multiple linear regression. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the OR of not meeting a specified nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand per unit in %EAS or %ETS. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, BMI z-score and total energy intake. Small but significant negative associations were seen between %EAS and the intakes of most nutrient intakes (all P<0·001). For %ETS the associations with nutrient intakes were inconsistent; even then they were smaller than that for %EAS. In general, higher intakes of added sugars were associated with lower intakes of most nutrient-rich, ‘core’ food groups and higher intakes of energy-dense, nutrient-poor ‘extra’ foods. In conclusion, assessing intakes of added sugars may be a better approach for addressing issues of diet quality compared with intakes of total sugars.

scholarly journals Nutrient Intakes and Food Sources of Filipino Infants, Toddlers and Young Children are Inadequate: Findings from the National Nutrition Survey 2013

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Denney ◽  
Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa ◽  
Mario Capanzana ◽  
Marvin Toledo ◽  
Juliana Donohue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Group ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
National Nutrition Survey ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Filipino Children ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Children Under 5

Comprehensive assessment of nutrient intakes and food sources of nutrients in Filipino children under 5 years old are lacking. We studied energy and nutrient intakes and food sources in 4218 children aged 6–59.9 months using two 24-h dietary recalls. Usual energy and nutrient intakes were estimated using the PC-SIDE program. Reported foods and beverages were assigned to one of 85 food groups. Percentage contribution of each food group to nutrient intake was calculated. The results showed that the intake of total fat as a percentage of energy and of most micronutrients were highly inadequate. The prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes, defined as the percent of children with intakes less than the estimated average requirements (EAR) ranged from 60–90% for iron, calcium, vitamin C, and zinc and ranged from 30–50% for others such as vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, and phosphorus. The diets of these children were composed of limited foods, namely a large amount of refined rice and other low-nutrient-dense foods (cookies and sugar), while vegetables, fruits, meats, and eggs made little contribution to daily energy or nutrients. These findings provide direction to health professionals developing food-based recommendations and strategies to tackle the shortfalls in the diet of this population.

scholarly journals Energy, Sugars, Iron, and Vitamin B12 Content of Commercial Infant Food Pouches and Other Commercial Infant Foods on the New Zealand Market

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna Katiforis ◽  
Elizabeth A Fleming ◽  
Jillian J Haszard ◽  
Tiana Hape-Cramond ◽  
Rachael W Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Infant Foods

There has been an important shift in the New Zealand infant food market over the past decade, with the majority of complementary foods now sold in “pouches”. Along with the increasing market share of commercial infant food pouches internationally, there have been growing concerns about their nutritional quality. However, research examining the nutritional quality of these pouches compared to other forms of commercial infant foods in New Zealand has not been undertaken. Nor have any studies reported the free sugars or added sugars content of these foods. To address this knowledge gap, a cross-sectional survey of infant foods sold in New Zealand supermarkets was conducted in 2019–2020. Recipes and nutrient lines were developed for the 266 foods identified (133 food pouches). The energy, iron, vitamin B12, total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars content of infant food pouches and other forms of commercial infant foods per 100 g were compared, both within food groups and by age group. Infant food pouches contained similar median amounts of energy, iron, and vitamin B12 to other forms of commercial infant foods but contained considerably more total sugars (8.4 g/100 g vs. 2.3 g/100 g). However, median free sugars and added sugars content was very low across all food groups except for “dairy” and “sweet snacks”. All “dry cereals” were fortified with iron whereas none of the infant food pouches were. Therefore, consuming food pouches to the exclusion of other commercial infant foods may place infants at risk of iron deficiency if they do not receive sufficient iron from other sources.

scholarly journals The impact of complex survey design on prevalence estimates of intakes of food groups in the Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1362-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Burden ◽  
Yasmine Probst ◽  
David Steel ◽  
Linda Tapsell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Sample Design ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Children's Nutrition ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Complex Survey Design ◽  
Activity Survey ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of the complex survey design used in the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (ANCNPAS07) on prevalence estimates for intakes of groups of foods in the population of children.DesignThe impacts on prevalence estimates were determined by calculating design effects for values for food group consumption. The implications of ignoring elements of the sample design including stratification, clustering and weighting are discussed.SettingThe ANCNPAS07 used a complex sample design involving stratification, a high degree of clustering and estimation weights.SubjectsAustralian children aged 2–16 years.ResultsDesign effects ranging from <1 to 5 were found for the values of mean consumption and proportion of the population consuming the food groups. When survey weights were ignored, prevalence estimates were also biased.ConclusionsIgnoring the complex survey design used in the ANCNPAS07 could result in underestimating the width of confidence intervals, higher mean square errors and biased estimators. The magnitude of these effects depends on both the parameter under consideration and the chosen estimator.

scholarly journals Nutrients and foods consumed by New Zealand children on schooldays and non-schooldays

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E Rockell ◽  
Winsome R Parnell ◽  
Noela C Wilson ◽  
Paula ML Skidmore ◽  
Asher Regan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and compare food and nutrient intakes in New Zealand (NZ) children on schooldays and non-schooldays.DesignSecondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the NZ 2002 Children’s Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake was assessed using computer-assisted multi-pass 24 h dietary recalls in the home. Data were adjusted for survey weightings to be representative of the NZ population. The effect of day category on nutrient intake, and likelihood of consumption of food categories were determined using linear and logistic regression.SettingNZ homes and schools.SubjectsA total of 2572 children (538 non-schooldays and 2034 schooldays) at the age of 5–14 years.ResultsThere were differences in the proportion consuming some food groups between schooldays and non-schooldays, although the majority of nutrient intakes including energy did not differ by day category. Mean cholesterol intake was higher on non-schooldays; dietary fibre and available carbohydrate, in particular sucrose and fructose, were higher on schooldays. Hot chips were twice as likely to be consumed on a non-schoolday. Soft drink consumption was higher on non-schooldays for Māori/New Zealand European and others and powdered drinks/cordial consumption did not vary by day category. More children consumed snack bars (normal weight, obese), fruit, sandwiches, biscuits/crackers and snack foods on schooldays. There was no difference in consumption of pies/sausage rolls by day category.ConclusionsThe proportion of consumers of a variety of foods differed significantly between non-schooldays and schooldays; few nutrient intakes differed. The present study indicates that family food, wherever it is consumed, is the mainstay of nutrition for NZ schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Quality Metrics and Their Association with Population Nutrient Intakes and Diet Quality in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 510-510
Author(s):  
Michelle Blumfield ◽  
Andrew McConnell ◽  
Vanessa Campos ◽  
Kim-Anne Lê ◽  
Flavia Fayet-Moore
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Quality Metrics ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Simple Ratio

Abstract Objectives Carbohydrate (CHO) quality is important for health, yet it is unclear how to best define CHO quality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether diets that meet one of three CHO quality ratios, that include a combination of grams of CHO, fiber or free sugars, are associated with improved diet quality in Australia. Methods National data from the 2011–12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were assessed (n = 12,153; age 49.0 ± 16.4y adults, 9.5 ± 5.0y children). Three CHO quality ratios were defined: (i) Simple ratio, 10:1 (10 g CHO: ³1 g fiber); (ii) Modified ratio, 10:1:2 (10 g CHO: ³1 g fiber: £2 g free sugars); and (iii) Dual ratio, 10:1 & 1:2 (10 g CHO: ³1 g fiber & £2 g free sugars per 1 g fiber). Participants were defined as having met or not met each ratio in terms of total daily nutrient intakes. Dietary data were collected using a validated Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Nutrient intakes and food group data were compared to Australian Nutrient Reference Values and an Australian Healthy Eating Index (HEIFA-2013). Results Prevalence of ratio adherence was: simple ratio (45%), modified ratio (30%) and dual ratio (36%). After adjusting for energy intake, adults and children who met a ratio reported lower energy intakes, higher fiber and micronutrient intakes, higher HEIFA-2013 scores (adults only) and lower intakes of total sugars, added sugars and sodium (P &lt; .001 for all), compared to those who failed to meet any ratio. Compared to the simple ratio, modified and dual ratios further decreased adult intakes of total sugars (95 g modified, 71 g dual vs 116 g simple; P &lt; .001), added sugars (36 g, 16 g vs 57 g; P &lt; .001) and free sugars (50 g, 26 g vs 72 g; P &lt; .001), and increased HEIFA-2013 scores (56, 59 vs 51; P &lt; .001), with similar findings in children. Conclusions All three CHO quality metrics identified diets with higher nutrient intakes and HEIFA-2013 scores, with the addition of a free sugars constraint resulting in further improvements in diet quality. Utility of a CHO quality metric, based on CHO, fiber and free sugars, may offer a simple, standardized approach to improve total diet quality, which has potential for high public health impact. Funding Sources Nestlé Research.

scholarly journals Meat consumers and non-meat consumers in Germany: a characterisation based on results of the German National Nutrition Survey II

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Koch ◽  
Thorsten Heuer ◽  
Carolin Krems ◽  
Erika Claupein
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
National Nutrition Survey ◽  
German National Nutrition Survey

AbstractMeat consumption in high-income countries is increasingly discussed due to its impact on environment and health as well as ethical considerations. The present paper aims to provide information on meat consumption behaviour, sociodemographic factors related to meat consumption and its associations with health and nutritional behaviour, based on the German National Nutrition Survey II. For 12 915 participants aged 18–80 years, food consumption was assessed by two 24-h recalls and further data by interviews. Participants were distinguished in non-meat consumers and meat consumers; meat consumers were further differentiated as low and high meat consumers (&lt;86 g/d and ≥86 g/d). Group differences were analysed using binary logistic and linear regression models. More non-meat consumers were found among women, young and more educated persons. They showed equal or more preferable health characteristics, had a similar energy intake but ate more plant-based foods compared with meat consumers. More high meat consumers were found among men, young and middle-aged and lower-educated persons. Compared with low meat consumers, they showed equal or less preferable health characteristics, had a higher energy intake and ate more potatoes and sauces/spices and less of most other food groups in relation to their energy intake. To conclude, sociodemographic groups differ in their meat consumption and differences in meat consumption go together with differences in health behaviour and other food consumption.

Nutritional implications of dietary gluten avoidance among Canadians: results from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana N. Mudryj ◽  
Anne K. Waugh ◽  
Joyce J. Slater ◽  
Donald R. Duerksen ◽  
Charles N. Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Health Survey

Abstract Adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only available treatment for gluten-related disorders, although a GFD may also be followed for discretionary reasons. The main objectives of the present study were to (1) describe and test for differences in key nutrient intakes among Canadians who follow a GFD compared with Canadians with no dietary exclusions and (2) describe additional dietary avoidances adhered to by Canadians who avoid gluten. We conducted a secondary analysis of the cross-sectional 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition Survey, which included a general health survey and 24-h dietary recall (n 20 487). Participants were categorised as those who avoid dietary gluten and those who reported no avoidances. Key nutrient intakes were assessed, as a percentage of Dietary Recommended Intakes, including fibre, B vitamins, vitamin D, Ca, Fe, Na and Zn, and compared between the two groups using t tests. Canadians who avoided gluten had significantly lower intakes of folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, Fe, Na and Ca compared with those who did not avoid any food groups. However, Canadians who reported following a GFD were significantly more likely to use vitamin or mineral supplements in the past 30 d. More than 20 % of those who avoided gluten also avoided dairy products. Findings suggest that following a GFD places Canadians at risk for nutrient inadequacies, particularly folate, Ca and vitamin D. Further research is required to further examine how multiple dietary avoidances among those who avoid gluten may contribute to dietary inadequacies.

scholarly journals Food sources, energy and nutrient intakes of adults: 2013 Philippines National Nutrition Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa ◽  
Ye Sun ◽  
Liya Denney ◽  
Keith V. Tanda ◽  
Royce Ann D. Octavio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
National Nutrition Survey ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Daily Intakes

Abstract Background Comprehensive assessment of dietary intakes of foods and nutrients in Filipino adults are lacking. This study evaluated energy and nutrient intakes and food sources of key nutrients consumed by Filipino adults. Methods The participants were from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey wherein food intake of young adults aged 19–49 years (n = 12,896) and older adults aged 50 years and above (n = 7853) were collected using 24-h recalls. Usual nutrient intakes were estimated using PC-SIDE program. The Philippines Dietary Reference Intakes were used to calculate proportions of inadequate intake using Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR). Energy adequacy was evaluated using the Institute of Medicine (IOM) equation for Estimated Energy Requirements (EER). Results The nutrient intakes with the highest prevalence of inadequacy (> 50%) were: iron (97–99%), vitamin C (96–98%), calcium (95–98%), riboflavin (86–91%), folate (89–90%), thiamine (73–89%), energy (67–70%), total fat (55–67%), and vitamin A (54–56%). Refined rice, pork and breads contributed most to daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrates, thiamine, riboflavin, and iron. Low intake of vegetables, fruits and dairy was common in both age groups. Conclusions This study demonstrated that intakes of many nutrients were markedly inadequate among adults in the Philippines, due to the rice-dominant dietary pattern with few nutrient-dense foods. These results can be used to support the development of specific interventions to improve the shortfalls in nutrient intakes.

scholarly journals Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load among Australian children and adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 1273-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Chun Yu Louie ◽  
Anette E. Buyken ◽  
Kristina Heyer ◽  
Victoria M. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Glycaemic Load ◽  
Starchy Food ◽  
Children's Nutrition ◽  
Activity Survey

There are no published data regarding the overall dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) of Australian children and adolescents. We therefore aim to describe the dietary GI and GL of participants of the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2007ANCNPAS), and to identify the main foods contributing to their GL. Children, aged 2–16 years, who provided two 24 h recalls in the 2007ANCNPAS were included. A final dataset of 4184 participants was analysed. GI of each food item was assigned using a previously published method. GL was calculated, and food groups contributing to the GL were described by age group and sex. The weighted mean dietary GI and GL of the participants were 54 (sd 5) and 136 (sd 44), respectively. Among the nutrients examined, Ca had the highest inverse relationship with GI (P < 0·001), while percentage energy from starch was most positively associated with GI. The association between fibre density and GI was modest, and percentage energy from sugar had an inverse relationship with GI. Daily dietary GL contributed by energy-dense and/or nutrient-poor (EDNP) items in subjects aged 14–16 years was more than doubled that of subjects aged 2–3 years. To conclude, Australian children and adolescents were having a high-GI dietary pattern characterised by high-starchy food intake and low Ca intake. A significant proportion of their dietary GL was from EDNP foods. Efforts to reduce dietary GI and GL in children and adolescents should focus on energy-dense starchy foods.

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