Prevalence of symptomatic axial osteoarthritis phenotypes in Spain and associated socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables

Objective Axial osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of back and neck pain, however, few studies have examined its prevalence. The aim was to estimate the prevalence and the characteristics of symptomatic axial OA in Spain. Methods EPISER2016 is a cross-sectional multicenter population-based study of people aged 40 years or older. Subjects were randomly selected using multistage stratified cluster sampling. Participants were contacted by telephone to complete rheumatic disease screening questionnaires. Two phenotypes were analyzed, patients with Non-exclusive axial OA (NEA-OA) and Exclusive axial OA (EA-OA). To calculate the prevalence and its 95% confidence interval (CI), the sample design was considered and weighting was calculated according to age, sex and geographic origin. Results Prevalence of NEA-OA by clinical or clinical-radiographic criteria was 19.17% (95% CI: 17.82–20.59). The frequency of NEA-OA increased with age (being 3.6 times more likely in patients aged 80 s or more than in those between 40 and 49 years) and body mass index. It was significantly more frequent in women, as well as in the center of Spain. It was less frequent in those with a higher level of education. Lumbar OA was more frequent than cervical OA. This difference grew with increasing age and was not associated with gender. It was also greater in overweight and obese subjects. Conclusions This is the first study on the prevalence of axial OA phenotypes in Europe describing the associated socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables.

The effect of sports massage with meditation on myalgia disorders

Myalgia is pain that occurs in the muscles that can interfere with daily activities. Sports massage and meditation is an alternative to reduce the feeling. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sports massage on overcoming myalgia disorders. This study uses a quantitative quasi-experimental method with this type of design using the equivalent time series sample design. The population in this study was a total of 36 masseurs who worked in sports injury therapy massage centers on the 4th floor of UNY Plaza. The sample was determined using purposive sampling technique and obtained a number of 15 samples. This type of research is a quasi-experimental, using a pretest-posttest design. Research subjects were given 3 (three) repetitions of treatment, namely the first week, the second week and the third week. The data analysis technique in this study used a t-test (paired t-test), in test I, test II and test III, the overall significance was obtained with a value of 0.000 (sig. < 0.05). The conclusion in this research is sports massage with meditation can reduce myalgia disorders.Pengaruh sports massage dengan meditasi terhadap gangguan myalgiaAbstrakMyalgia merupakan nyeri yang terjadi pada otot yang dapat menganggu aktivitas sehari-hari. Sports massage dan meditasi merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh sports massage dengan meditasi terhadap gangguan myalgia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen kuantitatif dengan jenis rancangan menggunakan the equivalent time series sample design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masseur sejumlah total 36 yang bekerja di tempat masase terapi cedera olahraga di Plaza UNY lantai 4. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan diperoleh sejumlah 15 sampel. Subjek penelitian diberikan 3 (tiga) kali pengulangan perlakuan yaitu minggu ke- I, minggu ke-II dan minggu ke-III. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji-t (paired t-test). pada uji I diperoleh nilai 0,000 (sig. < 0,05), uji II diperoleh nilai 0,000 (sig. < 0,05) dan uji III diperoleh nilai 0,000 (sig. < 0,05). Kesimpulan dalam penelitan ini adalah sports massage dengan meditasi dapat mengurangi gangguan myalgia

1345Uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for malaria during pregnancy with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine in Malawi

Background This study aimed to estimate the proportion of and identify factors associated with uptake of ≥ 3 doses of Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) among pregnant women in Malawi after adoption of the 2012 updated WHO IPTp-SP policy. Methods The 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey dataset was re-analysed. Only 1069 women were included in the analysis from 1219 women who had live births, born after July 2015. Logistic regression was used in data analysis considering complex survey sample design. Results Of the 1069 women, 447 (42%) received ≥3 doses (optimal) of IPTp-SP, while 47% managed to attend ≥4 antenatal care (ANC) clinics. Only 52% received optimal SP doses among those who made ≥4 ANC visits. The number of ANC visits was associated with the optimal uptake of SP. Women who attended ANC three times only and those who visited ANC at most twice were less likely to receive optimal doses than those who managed to attend ANC ≥4 times during pregnancy (AOR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.49–1.02) and (AOR = 0.12, 95% CI 0.06–0.21) respectively. Conclusions There is low uptake of optimal SP doses in Malawi. This seems to be associated with the number of ANC visits. However, there is limited effectiveness of increased number of ANC visits on the uptake of optimal SP doses. Key messages Increased number of ANC visits is not enough to increase uptake of optimal doses of IPTp-SP. There is need for continued and varied efforts.

Design and Analysis of Cam Wave Generator Based on Free Deformation in Non-Working Area of the Flexspline

Deformation stress of a flexspline under the action of a wave generator directly affects the service life of the flexspline and meshing quality of meshing pair. This study proposed a new deformation model for a flexspline, which incorporates forced deformation in the working area and free deformation in the non-working area, keeping the deformation shape unchanged during rotating. Based on this assumption of a deformation model, the mathematical model is further established, and the design approach of a cam wave generator is developed with the deflection curve of the ring structure. Then, a sample design with a double eccentric arc cam wave generator based on this deformation model is developed and analyzed in FEM. The results show that the deformation stress of the flexspline can be improved by relaxing the forced deformation in the non-working area, and the selected deformation shape can also remain unchanged during rotating. Moreover, the stress distribution and the maximum stress value could be improved with the variation of the combination coefficient, especially for the wrap angle.

Incidence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in broiler flocks at the Federal District of Brazil and its surrounding areas

Mycoplasma is an important avian pathogen that can cause both respiratory disease and synovitis in birds, resulting in considerable economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. This study aimed to determine the incidence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae in broiler flocks at the Federal District and its surrounding regions using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All slaughtered lots (57 flocks) were analyzed from July to November in one of the two slaughterhouses at the Federal District with Federal inspection services. Approximately 10 samples of broiler tracheae per slaughtered batch were collected from the evisceration line. The results obtained from the accumulated incidence over the study period were 7.02% and 35.09% for M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, respectively. A greater concentration of flocks affected by M. synoviae was observed during October. The sample design as well as the PCR technique assisted in detecting both agents in the broiler batches in the first epidemiological study of these two agents in the region.

The Wrapper Model for Multiobjective Forest Monitoring Systems

Large multiobjective forest monitoring efforts such as the USDA’s Forest Inventory and Analysis Program and other National Forest Inventory (NFI) systems are usually described to the public in terms of the relationship of their sample designs to the land base of interest. Sometimes the third dimension of time is included in the description of the sample design. Additionally, there is a tendency to favor descriptions that arguably support design-based views of the used estimation systems. The accompanying justification usually relies on an assumption that design-based estimators are “objective,” whereas model-based estimators are “subjective.” This article posits that this argument misses the mark because design-based estimation begins with the assumption that a probability sample exists and that the sample observations have been obtained without error. In most large sampling efforts, it is known that violations of the sample design not only might, but will, occur. Additionally, some objectives in a multiobjective inventory require estimation of attributes of tangentially related populations. Here we unify estimation methods into an overall theoretical framework, or “wrapper” model, that allows for the recognition, acknowledgement, and accounting for nonsampling errors and imperfect sample frames into estimation systems capable of combining all observations available to analysts of these large inventory systems. Study Implications This study describes a theoretical framework, named a “wrapper” model, that gives developers of national forest inventory and monitoring systems a more complete way to describe the assumptions and information sources contributing to the outputs from those systems. Rather than the usual description of the outputs in terms of the sample design and corresponding estimation system, these elements are recognized simply as (albeit major) components within the wrapper model.