scholarly journals Colonic and systemic effects of extruded whole-grain sorghum consumption in growing Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilce E. Llopart ◽  
Raúl E. Cian ◽  
Muñoz María Elvira López-Oliva ◽  
Ángela Zuleta ◽  
Adriana Weisstaub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

AbstractColonic effects of extruded whole-grain sorghum diets were evaluated using a model of growing rats. In all, twenty-four male Wistar rats were fed control (C), extruded white sorghum (EWS) or red sorghum (ERS). Consumption of sorghum diets showed satiety properties, with reduction of caecal pH, and lower activity ofβ-glucosidase andβ-glucuronidase enzymes. Decreased copper zinc superoxide dismutase and manganese superoxide dismutase and increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels were observed in colonic mucosa. The induction of antioxidant enzymes occurred through the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 protein and its subsequent translocation into the nucleus. ERS was able to decrease the proliferation of proximal mucosa of colon, demonstrating a possible effect against colorectal tumourigenesis. EWS increased proliferation and also apoptosis, ensuring the re-establishment of homoeostasis of the colonic mucosa. No antioxidant systemic effect (serum or hepatic level) was observed. It is likely that despite the extrusion the low bioavailability of the phenolic compounds of sorghum diets caused them to exert mainly acute effects at the colon level. Extruded whole-grain sorghum is a good functional ingredient that might be promising in dietary prevention of intestinal diseases.

scholarly journals Replacement of a cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase by a novel cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase in crustaceans that use copper (haemocyanin) for oxygen transport

2003 ◽  
Vol 374 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius BROUWER ◽  
Thea HOEXUM BROUWER ◽  
Walter GRATER ◽  
Nancy BROWN-PETERSON
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Moulting Cycle

The blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, which uses the copper-dependent protein haemocyanin for oxygen transport, lacks the ubiquitous cytosolic copper-dependent enzyme copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,ZnSOD) as evidenced by undetectable levels of Cu,ZnSOD activity, protein and mRNA in the hepatopancreas (the site of haemocyanin synthesis) and gills. Instead, the crab has an unusual cytosolic manganese SOD (cytMnSOD), which is retained in the cytosol, because it lacks a mitochondrial transit peptide. A second familiar MnSOD is present in the mitochondria (mtMnSOD). This unique phenomenon occurs in all Crustacea that use haemocyanin for oxygen transport. Molecular phylogeny analysis suggests the MnSOD gene duplication is as old as the origin of the arthropod phylum. cytMnSOD activity in the hepatopancreas changes during the moulting cycle of the crab. Activity is high in intermoult crabs and non-detectable in postmoult papershell crabs. mtMnSOD is present in all stages of the moulting cycle. Despite the lack of cytCu,ZnSOD, crabs have an extracellular Cu,ZnSOD (ecCu,ZnSOD) that is produced by haemocytes, and is part of a large, approx. 160 kDa, covalently-linked protein complex. ecCu,ZnSOD is absent from the hepatopancreas of intermoult crabs, but appears in this tissue at premoult. However, no ecCu,ZnSOD mRNA can be detected, suggesting that the protein is recruited from the haemolymph. Screening of different taxa of the arthropod phylum for Cu,ZnSOD activity shows that those crustaceans that use haemoglobin for oxygen transport have retained cytCu,ZnSOD. It appears, therefore, that the replacement of cytCu,ZnSOD with cytMnSOD is part of an adaptive response to the dynamic, haemocyanin-linked, fluctuations in copper metabolism that occur during the moulting cycle of the crab.

Rat lung antioxidant enzymes: differences in perinatal gene expression and regulation

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. L466-L470 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Clerch ◽  
D. Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Manganese Superoxide ◽  
Copper Zinc

The lung activity of the antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GP), but not manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD), increases in rats during late gestation; the concentrations of Cu,Zn SOD mRNA and CAT mRNA also rise. During early postnatal exposure to > 95% O2, the lung activity of Cu,Zn SOD, CAT, and GP increases. We now show 1) the lung concentration of Mn SOD mRNA and GP mRNA does not increase in late gestation; 2) Mn SOD activity and the concentration of its mRNA and of GP mRNA increase during exposure of neonatal rats to > 95% O2; and 3) as previously shown for CAT mRNA, the increase in lung concentration of the mRNAs for Cu,Zn SOD, Mn SOD, and GP during early postnatal hyperoxia occurs with a 70–80% prolongation of the half-life of these mRNAs. We conclude that 1) in late gestation the level at which lung AOE gene expression is regulated differs among the enzymes, 2) the level at which lung AOE gene expression is regulated shortly after birth in response to > 95% O2 is uniform among the enzymes, and 3) the lung's AOE response to neonatal hyperoxia is not merely a step-up of its prenatal regulation but involves different regulatory mechanisms based on increased stability of AOE mRNAs

scholarly journals Increased Activity of Hippocampal Antioxidant Enzymes as an Important Adaptive Phenomenon of the Antioxidant Defense System in Chronically Stressed Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataša Popović ◽  
B. Snežana Pajović ◽  
Vesna Stojiljković ◽  
Ana Todorović ◽  
Snežana Pejić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Increased Activity

AbstractThis study examined the effects of chronic restraint stress (CRS: 2 hours × 14 days) on gene expression of three antioxidant enzymes, copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD 1), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD 2) and catalase (CAT) in the rat hippocampus. Also, we examined changes in the activities of SOD 1, SOD 2 and CAT in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats. Investigated parameters were quantifi ed by using real-time RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and assay of enzymatic activity. We found that CRS did not change mRNA and protein levels of SOD 1 and CAT, but increased mRNA and protein levels of SOD 2. However, CRS treatment increased the enzyme activities of SOD 1, SOD 2 and CAT. Our fi ndings indicate that the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD 1, SOD 2 and CAT) in the hippocampus may be an important adaptive phenomenon of the antioxidant defense system in chronically stressed rats.

scholarly journals Genotype-Dependent Differences between Cereals in Response to Manganese Excess in the Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Magdalena Skórka ◽  
Apolonia Sieprawska ◽  
Elżbieta Bednarska-Kozakiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Gawrońska ◽  
Andrzej Kornaś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Manganese Superoxide ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
The Media

Industrial and agronomic activities lead to oversupply and accumulation of elements in the environment. Relatively little is known about mechanisms of manganese (Mn) triggered stress. In this study, different cultivars of popular cereals wheat, oat, and barley were investigated for their response to excessive Mn. Manganese ions (MnCl2) at 5 and 10 mM were applied to the grains and then to the media on which the plants grew until they developed their first leaf. It was performed ICP MS aiming to understand the mechanism of manganese stress in susceptible and resistant cultivar. Under Mn-stress a decrease in fresh weight of plants was observed, also differences in water content in first leaves, an increase in superoxide dismutases (SOD) and peroxidases (POX) activity, and a significant rise in catalase (CAT) was only characteristic for barley. Increasing Mn concentration resulted in enhancing of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) bands intensity. The increase in proline content, depending on a balance between pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), ornithine-d-aminotransferase (OAT), and proline dehydrogenases (PHD) activities, indicated osmotic disorders in all plants and differentiated the studied cereals. Microscopic observations of changes in the structure of plastids and starch accumulation in Mn presence were particularly visible in sensitive cultivars. The study ranked the tested cereals in terms of their tolerance to Mn from the most tolerant wheat through barley and the least tolerant oats.

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