Food group intake of children and adolescents (6-18 years) on a vegetarian, vegan, or omnivore diet: Results of the VeChi Youth Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Ute Alexy ◽  
Morwenna Fischer ◽  
Stine Weder ◽  
Alfred Längler ◽  
Andreas Michalsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Sweet Foods ◽  
Youth Study ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Plant-based, i.e., vegetarian (without meat and fish) or vegan (exclusively plant-based foods) diets are in trend also among children and adolescents, but data on food intake in this group are lacking. Here, we compare the consumption of food groups of vegetarian (n 145), vegan (n 110), and omnivore (n 135) children and adolescents (6-18 years) in Germany using data of the VeChi Youth Study. Each food item reported in 3day weighed dietary records was assigned to one of 18 food groups and individual mean intake per day (g/MJ) was calculated. Group differences were assessed using covariance analyses adjusted for age, sex and other covariates. For food groups with a high number of non-consumers, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis-Tests were run. Pairwise comparison of vegetarian and vegan groups indicated significantly higher intakes of legumes, nuts, milk alternatives (all P = 0.0003), and meat alternatives (P = 0.0065) among vegan subjects. Intake of these food groups of omnivore participants was low (Q3: 0.0 g/MJ for legumes, milk alternatives, and meat alternatives, 0.5 g/MJ for nuts). Dairy intake of vegetarians (11.6 g/MJ) was significantly lower than of omnivore subjects (24.7 g/MJ) (P = 0.0003). Intake of fats/oils and sweet foods was lowest in vegan compared to vegetarian and omnivore participants (p <0.05). Whole grain intake was higher in vegan participants (14.5 g/MJ) than of vegetarian (9.1 g/MJ) and omnivore (6.5 g/MJ) participants (P = 0.0003). Longitudinal studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term health consequences of vegetarian, vegan, and omnivore food patterns, especially in childhood and adolescence.

scholarly journals Associations between intake of added sugars and intakes of nutrients and food groups in the diets of German children and adolescents

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Alexy ◽  
Wolfgang Sichert-Hellert ◽  
Mathilde Kersting
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
German Children

The aim of the present analysis was to evaluate the effect of intake of added sugars on intakes of nutrients and food groups. We used a mixed linear model (PROC MIXED) to analyse data from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study (an ongoing longitudinal cohort study between infancy and adulthood). Between July 1985 and August 2001, 3 d weighed dietary records (n 4993) from 849 children and adolescents (416 male, 433 female) aged 2–18 years were collected and evaluated. Overall mean intake of added sugars was 12·4 (SD 5·3) (median 12·0) % energy. Fat intake (% energy) and intake of all analysed nutrients (as % reference values for nutrient intakes) fell across quintiles 1–5 of energy intake from added sugars (P<0·001). With the exception of ‘Sugary foods’ and ‘Beverages’ (significant increase, P<0·0001) and ‘Dairy’ (NS), intake of all other food groups decreased with increasing intake of added sugars (P<0·0001). In conclusion, we found a slight, but statistically significant, nutrient-dilution effect of added sugars and a significant reduction in intake of important nutrient-bearing food groups. However, the DONALD study gives no clear indicator on grounds of micronutrient dilution for a quantitative limit on intake of added sugars.

scholarly journals Validation of a Food Propensity Questionnaire for the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS) and Results on This Population’s Adherence to Key Food-Group Nutritional Guidelines

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1808
Author(s):  
Theodoros Smiliotopoulos ◽  
Emmanuella Magriplis ◽  
Antonis Zampelas
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Greek Adults

Background: Food propensity questionnaires (FPQs) are means of dietary assessment in nutritional epidemiology, which provide valuable information for long term intakes and food group consumption. These tools, however, may be subjected to misreporting and need to be validated against standard quantitative methods. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the qualitative FPQ developed to assess the dietary habits of the general population in Greece during the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS) and to assess the population’s intake of specific food groups in relation to guidelines. Methods: Validation analysis was based on 3796 [1543 men (42.82%) and 2253 women (57.18%)] participants of the HNNHS in relation to two interviewer-administered 24 h recalls (24 hR). Participants were asked to report the frequency of their dietary intake, using the FPQ provided. Correlations and significance between methods were assessed via Spearman correlation and a Two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test, respectively. Agreement between the FPQ and the 24 hR was performed using the Bland–Altman test and differences between the FPQ’s shown intakes and the recommended intakes by the Dietary Guidelines for Greek Adults were calculated. Results: Medium to weak correlations, but statistically significant (p < 0.05), were observed for most food groups between 24 hR and the FPQ; medium for fruits, dairy products, drinks, and spirits (ranging from ρ = 0.371 to ρ = 0.461; highest for drinks and spirits) and weak for vegetables, meat, fish, eggs, starch foods, sweets, nuts, fats and oils, and fast food (ρ = 0.111 to ρ = 0.290; lowest for starch foods). A non-significant correlation was found for legumes (ρ = 0.070). The mean intake agreement (Bland–Altman analysis) between the FPQ and the 24 hR was 96.08% and ranged from 94.43 to 99.34% for the 14 food groups under examination. When food group intakes were compared to guidelines, results showed that the population’s dietary intake was below the guidelines for fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and legumes. On the other hand, it was above the guidelines for most of the “unhealthy” food groups, in particular, fast food, sweets, drinks and spirits, red meat, and sweets. Conclusions: The specific FPQ provides valid information on major food groups and can be used to examine long term dietary patterns in nutritional studies. Ιn addition, dietary intakes of Greek adults are problematic and initiatives at the public health level are necessary.

scholarly journals Time and Age Trends in Free Sugar Intake from Food Groups among Children and Adolescents between 1985 and 2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Perrar ◽  
Alena M. Schadow ◽  
Sarah Schmitting ◽  
Anette E. Buyken ◽  
Ute Alexy
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
German Children

Trend analyses suggest that free sugar (FS) intake—while still exceeding 10%E—has decreased among German children and adolescents since 2005, yet that intakes may shift from sugars naturally occurring in foods to added sugars as children age. Thus, we analysed time and age trends in FS intake (%E) from food groups among 3–18 year-olds (1985–2016) using 10,761 3-day dietary records from 1312 DONALD participants (660 boys, 652 girls) by use of polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Among girls, FS from sugar & sweets decreased from 1985 to 2016 (linear trend p < 0.0001), but not among boys (p > 0.05). In the total sample, FS intake from juices increased until 2000 and decreased since 2005 (linear, quadratic trend p < 0.0001). FS from sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) decreased non-linearly from 1985 to 2016 (girls: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p < 0.0001; boys: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p < 0.02). Younger children consumed more FS from juices than older ones, who had a higher FS intake from SSB. FS intake from sugar & sweets increased until early adolescence and decreased afterwards. Since sugar & sweets represent the main source of FS intake and the source with the least pronounced decline in intake, public health measures should focus on these products.

The Five Factor Model of Personality and Consequential Outcomes in Childhood and Adolescence

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip De Fruyt ◽  
Barbara De Clercq ◽  
Marleen De Bolle
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Short And Long Term

The validity of the Five Factor Model (FFM) to describe personality differences in childhood and adolescence is well established. Personality differences can be reliably assessed in children and adolescents, and available research converges on the validity of the FFM as the predominant model to provide a comprehensive and manageable account of these notable differences. In addition, there is strong agreement that personality traits in childhood/adolescence are related to a broad range of short- and long-term consequential outcomes, underscoring their utility in research and assessment. The aims of the present chapter are threefold: first, to review FFM measures developed for children and adolescents; second, to discuss parallels and dissimilarities obtained with adults; and finally to summarize the significance and validity of the model in gaining an understanding of a broad series of outcomes, including interpersonal relationships, psychopathology, health and well-being, learning and learning outcomes, and long-term outcomes manifested in adulthood.

scholarly journals Obesity and its role in the development of metabolic syndrome in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
L. M. Panasenko ◽  
J. V. Nefedova ◽  
T. V. Kartseva ◽  
M. I. Cherepanova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The health basis and correct lifestyle habits, including proper nutrition, are formed in the childhood and adolescence. An excess or deficiency of certain nutrients can cause chronic forms of alimentary-dependent pathology. Childhood obesity results in both short-term and long-term unfavorable effects on physical and psychosocial health. The article presents modern ideas about the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents, diagnostic, prevention and treatment methods.

Significance of Fortified Beverages in the Long-term Diet of German Children and Adolescents: 15-Year Results of the DONALD Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Sichert-Hellert ◽  
Mathilde Kersting
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
German Children

Fortified beverages and instant drinks are the most frequently consumed fortified products in children and adolescents in Germany. However, little is known about the contribution of these products to micronutrient intake. Between 1986 and 2000, consumption of fortified food (total and the subgroup of fortified beverages) and time trends in energy and micronutrient intake were assessed on the basis of 3 day-weighed dietary records (n = 4358) of males and females between the ages of 2 and 14 years (n = 398/408) enrolled in the DONALD Study (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study). As percentage of recent references for micronutrient intake, a significant increase in intake from fortified beverages was observed for calcium (from 1 to 3%), iron (3 to 4%), vitamin A (5 to 15%), and vitamin C (5 to 60%). Significant increases in intakes were only observed from 1995–1997 for vitamin E, folate, and niacin (all 5 to 15–25%), vitamin B1 and B2 (both 10–15 to 25–30%) and vitamin B6 (20 to 55%). Thereafter significant decreases were found. Among the fortified beverages, juice was the most important for micronutrient intake, followed by soft drinks (calcium, vitamin A, E, C, folate, niacin) or by instant beverages (energy, iron, vitamin B1, B2, B6). Significant linear and nonlinear time trends in micronutrient intakes from fortified food and fortified beverages were observed in German children and adolescents.

Dietary Patterns, Ultra-processed Food, and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Vasseur ◽  
Emmanuelle Dugelay ◽  
Robert Benamouzig ◽  
Guillaume Savoye ◽  
Annaïg Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Poisson Models ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) tended to increase for several decades. Diet is suspected to be a major determinant of the occurrence of these diseases. This prospective study aimed to assess the associations among occurrence of IBD, dietary patterns, and ultra-processed food in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort. Methods Participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort who completed at least three 24-hour dietary records were included. Incident IBD cases were identified from 3 questionnaires and confirmed by phone or email interview. Major dietary patterns (DPs) were computed using a principal component analysis (PCA) based on 29 food groups’ consumption, whereas proportions of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) were obtained using the NOVA classification. Multivariable Poisson models were performed to evaluate associations among DP quintiles, UPF proportion (UPFp) in the diet, and incident IBD. Results A total of 105,832 participants were included, contributing 238,924 person-years in a mean follow-up of 2.3 ± 2.2 years. Among them, 75 participants reported an incident IBD. Three major DPs were retained: “healthy,” “traditional,” and “western.” No significant association was found for DPs and UPFp after adjustments for covariates. Conclusions In this study, neither DPs nor UPF proportion in the diet were significantly associated with the risk of incident IBD after adjustments for covariates. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term association between diet and IBD.

Development and simulated validation of a dish composition database for estimating food group and nutrient intakes in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 2367-2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Shinozaki ◽  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
Shizuko Masayasu ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Dietary Records

AbstractObjective:To develop a dish composition database (DCD) and assess its ability to estimate dietary intake.Design:The DCD was developed based on 16 d dietary records (DR). We aggregated all reported dishes into 128 dish codes and calculated mean food group and nutrient contents for each code. These data were used to calculate dietary intake in a different population that completed a 4 d DR. The estimated values were compared with those estimated using the standard food composition database (FCD) of Japan.Setting:Japan.Participants:A total 252 adults aged 31–81 years for the 16 d DR (3941 d in total) and 392 adults aged 20–69 years for the 4 d DR (1568 d in total) participated.Results:There were significant differences in median intakes between the DCD and the FCD for eighteen and twenty (of twenty-six) food groups and for twenty-nine and twenty-two (of forty-three) nutrients (including energy) in men and women, respectively. For food group intakes, Spearman correlation coefficients between the DCD and FCD ranged from 0·19 (animal fats) to 0·90 (fruits and alcoholic beverages) in men (median: 0·61) and from 0·25 (oils) to 0·89 (noodles) in women (median: 0·58). For nutrient intakes, the corresponding values ranged from 0·25 (retinol) to 0·90 (alcohol) in men (median: 0·60) and from 0·15 (retinol) to 0·74 (alcohol) in women (median: 0·53).Conclusions:Whereas it is difficult to accurately estimate absolute dietary intake values using the present DCD, it has acceptable ability to rank the intakes of many food groups and nutrients.

Adult food consumption by household composition: an analysis of the first National Dietary Survey, Brazil, 2008–2009

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Rogério Melo Rodrigues ◽  
Luana Silva Monteiro ◽  
Diana Barbosa Cunha ◽  
Rosely Sichieri ◽  
Rosangela Alves Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

AbstractObjective:To evaluate differences in food consumption of Brazilian adults according to the presence of children and adolescents in the household.Design:Averages of two non-consecutive days of food records from the first Brazilian National Dietary Survey were analysed and classified into eighteen food groups according to nutritional characteristics and use in diet. We compared the mean percentage contribution to total daily energy intake of each food group according to three groups of household composition: adults living alone or with other adults (32·7 %), adults living with children (35·6 %) and adults living with adolescents (31·7 %).Setting:Brazilian nationwide survey, 2008–2009.Participants:Adults aged 20–59 years (n 6312; 52·1 % female).Results:Women living alone or with other adults had higher consumption of vegetables, milk and other drinks, and lower consumption of beans and rice, compared with those living with children or adolescents. Men living alone or with other adults had higher consumption of sweets & desserts and vegetables, and lower consumption of beans, compared with those living with children or adolescents. According to household income, adults in the highest tertile who lived with children or adolescents presented a mixed consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods, whereas their counterparts in the first income tertile presented a marked consumption of foods considered traditional of the Brazilian population.Conclusions:There are differences in food consumption based on the presence of children and adolescents in the household, with greater variation according to gender and household income.

scholarly journals Local and Systemic Therapy of Recurrent Ependymoma in Children and Adolescents: Short- and Long-term Results of the E-HIT-REZ 2005 Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas E Adolph ◽  
Gudrun Fleischhack ◽  
Ruth Mikasch ◽  
Julia Zeller ◽  
Monika Warmuth-Metz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Extent Of Resection ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Disease Stabilization ◽  
Recurrent Ependymoma ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Survival in recurrent ependymomas in children and adolescents mainly depends on the extent of resection. Studies on repeated radiotherapy and chemotherapy at relapse have shown conflicting results. Methods Using data from the German multi-center E-HIT-REZ-2005 study, we examined the role of local therapy and the efficacy of chemotherapy with blockwise temozolomide (TMZ) in children and adolescents with recurrent ependymomas. Results 53 patients with a median age of 6.9 years (1.25–25.4) at 1 st recurrence and a median follow-up time of 36 months (2–115) were recruited. Gross and near total resection (GTR/NTR) were achieved in 34 (64.2%) patients and associated with a markedly improved 5-year overall survival (OS) of 48.7% vs. 5.3% in less than GTR/NTR. Radiotherapy showed no improvement in OS following complete resection (OS: 70 (CI: 19.9–120.1) vs. 95 (CI: 20.7–169.4) months), but an advantage was found in less than GTR/NTR (OS: 22 (CI: 12.7–31.3) vs. 7 (CI: 0–15.8) months). Following application of TMZ, disease progression was observed in most evaluable cases (18/21). Subsequent change to oral etoposide and trofosfamide showed no improved response. PF-A EPN were most abundant in relapses (n = 27). RELA-positive EPN (n=5) had a 5-year-OS of 0%. Conclusions The extent of resection is the most important predictor of survival at relapse. Focal re-irradiation is a useful approach if complete resection cannot be achieved, but no additional benefit was seen after GTR/NTR. Longer-term disease stabilization (&gt;6 months) mediated by TMZ occurred in a small number of cases (14.3%).

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