The Upside of Accents: Language, Inter-group Difference, and Attitudes toward Immigration

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Latino Immigrants ◽  
Immigrant Assimilation ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Immigration Attitudes ◽  
Accented English ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigration

Many developed democracies are experiencing high immigration, and public attitudes likely shape their policy responses. Prior studies of ethnocentrism and stereotyping make divergent predictions about anti-immigration attitudes. Some contend that culturally distinctive immigrants consistently generate increased opposition; others predict that natives’ reactions depend on the particular cultural distinction and associated stereotypes. This article tests these hypotheses using realistic, video-based experiments with representative American samples. The results refute the expectation that more culturally distinctive immigrants necessarily induce anti-immigration views: exposure to Latino immigrants with darker skin tones or who speak Spanish does not increase restrictionist attitudes. Instead, the impact of out-group cues hinges on their content and related norms, as immigrants who speak accented English seem to counteract negative stereotypes related to immigrant assimilation.

Some Media Matter More Than Others: Investigating Media Effects on Attitudes toward and Perceptions of Immigration in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1238-1264
Author(s):  
Nora Theorin ◽  
Jesper Strömbäck
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Alternative Media ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Immigration Attitudes ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigration

Over the last decade, issues related to immigration have become increasingly salient across Western democracies. This increasing salience has made it more important to understand people’s attitudes toward immigration, including the effects of media use on those attitudes. Differentiating between attitudes toward different types of immigration, attitudes toward immigration from different parts of the world, and perceptions of immigration’s impact, this article investigates the effects of media use on attitudes toward and perceptions of immigration in Sweden. Based on a three-year, three-wave panel study, it investigates the effects of media use on the individual level. Among other things, results show that there are limited effects of using traditional news media but more substantial effects on people’s immigration attitudes of using anti-immigration, right-wing alternative media and pro-immigration, left-wing alternative media. These findings imply that it is highly relevant to account for media use, especially alternative media use, when studying public attitudes toward immigration. Further, we find that variations in people’s immigration attitudes, to a high degree, depend on the type of immigration and on where migrants are coming from. This finding underlines the importance of measuring both of these aspects when the aim is understanding general attitudes toward immigration and/or key predictors behind immigration attitudes.

Varieties of Public Attitudes toward Immigration: Evidence from Survey Experiments in Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292199355
Author(s):  
Rieko Kage ◽  
Frances M. Rosenbluth ◽  
Seiki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigration ◽  
The Doors

What factors shape attitudes toward immigration? Previous studies have typically debated whether citizens oppose immigration more for economic or cultural reasons. We broaden this debate by exploring how different segments of the citizenry feel about immigration. Our original surveys conducted in Japan reveal two separate axes along which many citizens view immigration: (1) its cultural and economic effects, and (2) its positive and negative effects. Even in Japan, whose relatively closed policy toward immigration is conventionally believed to reflect widespread public intolerance of outsiders, over 60 percent of our respondents favor widening the doors to immigrants for economic or cultural reasons or both.

Regaining Control? The Political Impact of Policy Responses to Refugee Crises

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Omer Solodoch
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Immigration And Asylum ◽  
Border Controls ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In response to the political turmoil surrounding the recent refugee crisis, destination countries swiftly implemented new immigration and asylum policies. Are such countercrisis policies effective in mitigating political instability by reducing anti-immigrant backlash and support for radical-right parties? The present study exploits two surveys that were coincidentally fielded during significant policy changes, sampling respondents right before and immediately after the change. I employ a regression discontinuity design to identify the short-term causal effect of the policy change on public opinion within a narrow window of the sampling period. The findings show that both Swedish border controls and the EU–Turkey agreement significantly reduced public opposition to immigration in Sweden and Germany, respectively. In Germany, support for the AfD party also decreased following the new policy. Public opinion time trends suggest that the policy effects were short lived in Sweden but durable in Germany. These effects are similar across different levels of proximity to the border and are accompanied by increasing political trust and a sense of government control over the situation. The findings have implications for understanding the impact of border controls on international public opinion, as well as for assessing the electoral effect of policy responses to global refugee crises.

The Impact of Covid-19 Related Policy Responses on Municipal Debt Markets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bernhardt ◽  
Stefania D'Amico ◽  
Santiago I. Sordo Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Policy Responses ◽  
Debt Markets ◽  
Municipal Debt ◽  
The Impact

Intervention and Intransitivity: Public Opinion, Social Choice, and the Use of Military Force Abroad

1995 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Taylor Gaubatz
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Choice ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
The Impact

This article argues that the problems identified in the literature on public choice should critically affect our research on public opinion and our understanding of the impact of public opinion on foreign policy. While a robust literature has emerged around social choice issues in political science, there has been remarkably little appreciation for these problems in the literature on public opinion in general and on public opinion and foreign policy in particular. The potential importance of social choice problems for understanding the nature and role of public opinion in foreign policy making is demonstrated through an examination of American public attitudes about military intervention abroad. In particular, drawing on several common descriptions of the underlying dimensionality of public attitudes on major foreign policy issues, it is shown that there may be important intransitivities in the ordering of public preferences at the aggregate level on policy choices such as those considered by American decision makers in the period leading up to the Gulf War. Without new approaches to public-opinion polling that take these problems into consideration, it will be difficult to make credible claims about the role of public opinion in theforeignpolicy process.

scholarly journals La brecha digital de género como vértice de las desigualdades de las mujeres en el contexto de la pandemia por Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (136) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Claudia Ivette Pedraza Bucio
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Work Impact ◽  
The Impact

 El objetivo de este texto es analizar la brecha digital de g.nero como vértice de las desigualdades estructurales que conforman la vida de las mujeres, en el marco de la pandemia mundial de Covid-19 que ha colocado a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en el centro de la dinámica social. Para esto, en el primer apartado se recupera el concepto de brecha digital como un v.rtice en el cual convergen desigualdades que condicionan el acceso, uso y apropiaci.n de las tecnolog.as de la información y comunicación, pero también como un condicionante de las mismas. A continuación, se presentan las implicaciones del género en el análisis de la brecha digital; y a partir de esto, se revisan los problemas potenciales que supone la brecha digital de género en el contexto de COVID. La intención final es argumentar la necesidad de políticas y programas que atiendan la brecha digital no como un resultado de las desigualdades de género, sino como eje emergente a través del cual se mantienen, refuerzan y renuevan las mismas  Palabras clave Brecha digital, g.nero, Covid-19, TIC, desigualdad.   Bibliografía Alva de la Selva, A. (2015). Los nuevos rostros de la desigualdad en el siglo XXI: la brecha digital. Revista mexicana de ciencias políticas y sociales, 60(223), 265-285. Animal Político (2020), “SEP estima deserción de 10% en educación básica y 8% en superior por la COVID. Consultado el 08/10/2020. Disponible en https://www.animalpolitico.com/2020/08/sep-desercion-educacion-covid/ Badillo, N. S., Esteban, O., y Vall-Llovera, M. (2012). Romper la brecha digital de género. Factores implicados en la opción por una carrera tecnológica. Athenea Digital: revista de pensamiento e investigación social, 12(3), 115-128. Becerril, W (2018). Mujeres que codean: la apropiación tecnológica de estudiantes egresadas de Laboratoria en México. Controversias y concurrencias latinoamericanas,10(16), 67-75. Braidotti, R. (2002). Un ciberfeminismo diferente. Debats, vol. 76, 100-117. Collado, C. (2010). Género y TIC. Presencia, posición y políticas Barcelona: Editorial UOC. Crovi, D. (2008). Dimensión social del acceso, uso y apropiaci.n de las TIC. Contratexto, (016), 65-79. Derechos Digitales (2017). Derechos de las Mujeres en Línea, resultado de la Evaluación. Chile: Derechos Digitales. Godínez, A. L (2016). Brecha digital de género: usos y apropiaciones de las TIC´s en estudiantes adolescentes. Retos y posibilidades (Tesis de maestr.a). México: Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales-UNAM. IFT (2019 a). Uso de las TIC y actividades por internet en México: impacto de las características sociodemográficas de la población. M.xico: IFT IFT (2019 b). Encuesta de Usuarios de Servicios de Telecomunicaciones, Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas”. M.xico: IFT INEGI (2018) Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares.Ciudad de M.xico: Instituto Nacional de Estad.stica y Geograf.a.  INEGI (2019 a). Encuesta Nacional sobre Disponibilidad y Uso de Tecnologías de Información en los Hogares.  Ciudad de M.xico: Instituto Nacional de Estad.stica y Geograf.a. INEGI (2019 b ). Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo  . Ciudad de M.xico: Instituto Nacional de Estad.stica y Geograf.a. INEGI (2020), Encuesta Telefónica sobre COVID-19 y Mercado Laboral (ECOVIDML). Ciudad de M.xico: Instituto Nacional de Estad.stica y Geograf.a. OCDE (2001). Understanding the digital divide . Paris: Organizaci.n para la Cooperaci.n y el Desarrollo Econ.micos: Paris. OIT (2020) COVID-19 and the world of work: Impact and policy responses  Organizaci.n Internacional del Trabajo, Consultado el 08/10/2020. Disponible en https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/coronavirus/lang--en/index.htm ONU (2020) UN Secretary-General’s policy brief: The impact of COVID-19 on women .ONU . Nueva York: Organizaci.n de las Naciones Unidas. Observatorio Laboral (2019) Carreras mejor pagadas . Secretar.a del Trabajo y Previsi.n Social. Consultado el 08/10/2020. Disponible en https://www.observatoriolaboral.gob.mx/#/ Peres, W., & Hilbert, M (2009). La sociedad de la informaci.n en Am.rica Latina y el Caribe. Desarrollo de las tecnologías y tecnologías para el desarrollo, CEPAL, Santiago de Chile . Selwyn, N. (2004). Reconsidering political and popular understandings of the digitaldivide. New Media and Society , 6(3), 341-362. UIT (2019) ICTs, LDCs and the SDGs: Achieving universal and affordable Internet in the least developed countries. Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones: Ginebra. UNESCO (2020). El cierre de escuelas debido a la COVID-19 en todo el mundo afectará más a las niñas . Consultado el 08/10/2020.Disponible en https://es.unesco.org/news/cierre-escuelas-debido-covid-19-todo-mundoafectaramasninas#:~:text=Plan%20International%20y%20la%20UNESCO,precoz%20y%20matrimonio%20precoz%20y Verges, N. (2012). De la exclusión a la autoinclusión de las mujeres en las TIC.Motivaciones, posibilitadores y mecanismos de autoinclusi.n. Atenea Digial  12,3:129-150. Wajcman, Judy (2006). El Tecnofeminismo. Valencia: C.tedra. Zafra, Remedios (2005). Netianas. N(h)acer mujer en Internet.  Madrid: Lengua de Trapo. Zapata, C. B.; Arra.za, P. M.; Silva, E. F. D.; Soares, E. D. C. (2017). Desaf.os de la Inclusi.n Digital: antecedentes, problem.ticas y medici.n de la Brecha Digital de G.nero. Psicología, Conocimiento y Sociedad , 7 (2), 121-151.    

scholarly journals The Impact of Characteristics of Immigrant Offenders on Attitudes Towards Immigrant Crime

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
Mateja Vuk ◽  
Dalibor Doležal ◽  
Ena Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Punitive Attitudes ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Minority Threat ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Threat Theory ◽  
Research Show

Minority threat theory and existing research show that public attitudes towards certain types of offenders (e.g. ethnic and racial minorities) are often more punitive. Research also reveals that a significant proportion of the public associates the increase of immigration with higher crime rates. Negative attitudes, as well as an overall anti-immigration sentiment, have been increasing internationally. Therefore, we hypothesise that the public will have more negative and punitive attitudes towards immigrant offenders than towards citizens. Using a sample of students from the University of Zagreb, this research tested the above-mentioned hypothesis and explored whether factors like immigration status, ethnic identity, type of offense, and the age of the hypothetical offender impact student attitude on immigrant crime. To test this proposition, we used online surveys with factorial vignettes. The results show that participants ask for harsher sentences for undocumented immigrants, but immigrant status and the national origin of the immigrant are not associated with the perception of recidivism, dangerousness, or criminal typicality of offender.

scholarly journals The Impact of Race on Speech Perception and Accentedness Judgments in Racially Diverse and Non-Diverse Groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Kutlu ◽  
Mehrgol Tiv ◽  
Stefanie Wulff ◽  
Debra Titone
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Indian English ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Asian Face ◽  
Shed Light

Linguistic ideologies are informed by social stereotyping (Fiske et al. 2007) to maintain the standard variety, which is often interpreted as morally superior to nonstandard varieties (Hill 2008). Consequently, these ideologies racialize nonstandard varieties (Rosa 2016), leading to even more negative stereotypes (Giles & Watson 2013). One outlet of such stereotypes can be observed with accentism. This study examines whether seeing a White or a South Asian face impacts listeners’ perception of American, British, Indian English and to what extent listeners’ social network diversity plays a role in predicting their perception of speech. Results showed that intelligibility scores decreased and accentedness judgments increased for all varieties when speech was paired with South Asian faces. However, listeners who have racially less diverse social network have the highest accentedness judgments. Currently, there is a pressing question to understand how to account for the emergence of different English varieties and their differing pronunciations. Results here shed light on to how these varieties are perceived. The implications will be discussed in light of language teaching and linguistic practices.

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