Carbamate and organophosphate resistance in Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern France and the significance of Est-3A

AbstractThree French strains of Culex pipiens L. were compared at the fourth larval instar for tolerance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, with and without the addition of synergists (the oxidase inhibitors piperonyl butoxide and CGA 84708) (a propynyl compound) and the carboxylesterase inhibitors triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (TBPT). The S54 strain was resistant to all the organophosphates tested (chlorpyrifos, malathion, monocrotophos and profenofos) compared to the susceptible LA VIS strain but only slightly tolerant to the two carbamates (carbaryl and naphthyl phenylcarbamate). The MAURIN strain was resistant to all the insecticides, including the carbamates, at a higher level. The action of chlorpyrifos and malathion on S54 was very strongly synergised by TBPT, less strongly by TPP and not at all by piperonyl butoxide. In fact, resistance was enhanced by piperonyl butoxide, as was resistance to monocrotophos and profenofos by CGA 84708. No synergist had much effect on the MAURIN strain, although TPP slightly increased the toxicity of malathion, and piperonyl butoxide and CGA 84708 slightly increased the toxicity of carbaryl. The toxic effect of carbaryl was also increased by the addition of extra acetone. Electrophoretic studies showed that the carboxylesterase enzyme coded by gene Est-20.64 (which is in linkage disequilibrium withEst-3A and acts as a marker for it) was absent from LA VIS but present in the resistant strains; but, whereas S54 was monomorphic for the gene, MAURIN was polymorphic (frequency 0·5). It is concluded that organophosphate resistance in S54 was due to detoxification by carboxylesterase wherease organophosphate and carbamate resistance in MAURIN had a strong non-metabolic component, possibly an insensitive acetylcholinesterase.

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Comparative study of resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in four strains of the Culex pipiens L. complex (Diptera: Culicidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s000748530001498x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 505-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Z. H. Tang ◽

R. J. Wood

Keyword(s):

Esterase Activity ◽

Culex Pipiens ◽

Larval Instar ◽

Piperonyl Butoxide ◽

Lower Sensitivity ◽

Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽

Carbamate Insecticides ◽

High Production ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

General Esterase

AbstractFive strains of Culex pipiens L. (four resistant and one susceptible) were compared at the fourth larval instar for tolerance to organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides, with and without the addition of three synergists (piperonyl butoxide, triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and S, S, S-tributyl phosphorotrithiote (TBPT)). The DAR/D strain from Tanzania showed the highest levels and broadest range of resistance (temephos 37 ×, malathion 579×, propoxur 3032× and permethrin 100×). A strain from Rangoon and two from France (S54, BLEUET) showed lower resistance, restricted to organophosphates. Temephos and malathion resistance in the RANGOON strain was strongly inhibited by TBPT but not by TPP or piperonyl butoxide. Temephos and permethrin resistance in the DAR/D strain was slightly inhibited by TBPT and permethrin resistance by piperonyl butoxide. The DAR/D, RANGOON and CfCA (susceptible) strains were also compared for general esterase activity and phosphatase activity, both of which were higher in the resistant strains. It is concluded that resistance in RANGOON is associated with high production of an esterase sensitive to inhibition by TBPT but with little or no sensitivity to TPP, resembling but not identical in properties with the enzyme in strain S54 investigated earlier. Resistance in DAR/D was also associated with some increase in esterase activity, but the basis of resistance was different from that in S54 and RANGOON, having a much lower sensitivity to inhibition by TBPT.

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CONTACT TOXICITY OF SOME PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES, ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE, TO INSECTICIDE-SUSCEPTIBLE AND PYRETHROID-RESISTANT STRAINS OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent1181173-11 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 118 (11) ◽

pp. 1173-1176 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

C.R. Harris ◽

S.A. Turnbull

Keyword(s):

Colorado Potato Beetle ◽

Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽

Piperonyl Butoxide ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Minor Effect ◽

Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽

Carbamate Insecticides ◽

Potato Beetle ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

A Minor

AbstractLaboratory tests showed that a Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), strain collected from potatoes on a farm near Sherbrooke, Quebec, and known in 1979 to be resistant to most recommended organochlorine, organophosphorus, and carbamate insecticides, also had developed 23- to 38-fold levels of resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides permethrin, fenvalerate, and cypermethrin by 1982. Piperonyl butoxide (PB) had only a minor effect on fenvalerate and deltamethrin toxicity to insecticide-susceptible CPB and on deltamethrin toxicity to pyrethroid-resistant CPB. However, PB effectively synergized fenvalerate in pyrethroid-resistant CPB, e.g. a 1:8 fenvalerate:PB mixture was 12-fold more toxic than fenvalerate alone.

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Synergists action of piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate on toxicity of carbamate insecticides against Blattella germanica

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.09.010 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 981-986 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alireza Sanei Dehkordi ◽

Yaser Salim Abadi ◽

Hasan Nasirian ◽

Teymour Hazratian ◽

Mohammad Amin Gorouhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blattella Germanica ◽

Piperonyl Butoxide ◽

Carbamate Insecticides ◽

Tributyl Phosphorotrithioate

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Inheritance and activity of some esterases associated with organophosphate resistance in mosquitoes of the complex of Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Cnlicidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300013882 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 153-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

F. Villani ◽

G. B. White ◽

C. F. Curtis ◽

S. J. Miles

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

High Intensity ◽

Culex Pipiens ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Enzyme Assays ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Organophosphate Resistance ◽

Esterase Pattern ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Low Activity

AbstractEighteen strains of the complex of Culex pipiens L. from Africa, Asia and Europe were bioassayed for resistance to chlorpyrifos and electro-phoresed and stained for esterases. Susceptible strains showed only low activity esterase bands. The resistant strains of C. quinquefasciatus Say from hot countries (Liberia, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand) all showed the same two high intensity esterase bands (Rm 0·60 + 0·82). Different patterns of high esterase were found in resistant C. pipiens strains from cooler localities in Nairobi, Kenya (Rm 100), and Mont-pellier, France (Rm 0–50). Selection experiments on strains originally polymorphic for resistance and esterase pattern showed, without exception, that high esterase remained associated with resistance, and it is concluded that the association is almost certainly causal and not merely due to genetic linkage. The high intensity esterase bands were probably due to alleles of the loci Est-l, Est-2 and Est-3, separated by crossover distances of approximately 2·4 and 5·5 units, respectively. Strains monomorphic for what appeared to be the same high esterase pattern varied markedly in resistance level. Enzyme assays showed a direct relationship between levels of enzyme activity and resistance. Bioassays with fenthion and chlorpyrifos revealed differences in the relative resistance of C. quinquefasciatus from Colombo (Sri Lanka) and Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania). Despite these differential degrees of cross-effectiveness, it is concluded that high intensity esterases are reliable indicators of organophosphate resistance in mosquitoes of the C. pipiens complex, although the possibility of other resistance mechanisms means that the lack of abnormally active esterases does not necessarily indicate the absence of resistance.

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Est-2 and Est-3 polymorphisms in Culex pipiens L. from southern France in relation to organophosphate resistance

Biochemical Genetics ◽

10.1007/bf00484622 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 19 (5-6) ◽

pp. 499-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Nicole Pasteur ◽

Gilbert Sin�gre ◽

Andr� Gabinaud

Keyword(s):

Culex Pipiens ◽

Southern France ◽

Organophosphate Resistance

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Effect of the synergists piperonyl butoxide and DEF in deltamethrin resistance on strains of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)

Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil ◽

10.1590/s0301-80592000000400015 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 749-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Irineu Lorini ◽

David J. Galley

Keyword(s):

Filter Paper ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Research Tool ◽

Piperonyl Butoxide ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Important Research ◽

Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽

Deltamethrin Resistance ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Tributyl Phosphorotrithioate

Synergists are an important research tool in the laboratory to help to determine the mechanisms of resistance involved in a particular population. This kind of investigation has produced valuable results in understanding resistance to pesticides. The ability of these compounds in suppressing deltamethrin resistance on four strains of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Two susceptible strains, obtained from the eighth generation in laboratory without any selection were tested; other two resistant strains consisted in the fifth deltamethrin selected generation. Each strain was bioassayed on filter paper impregnated with deltamethrin associated with a synergist in different proportions, following the methods recommended by FAO for assessing resistance. The synergists tested were piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), at the following proportions 1:0, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:15 of deltamethrin and the synergist, respectively. Both synergists showed a role in blocking enzymes involved in detoxifying deltamethrin. PBO conferred up to 27 times higher toxicity ratios in the resistant strains than in the susceptible ones. DEF was less effective in reducing the lethal dose of deltamethrin with ratios up to five times.

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The Scientific Basis for the Prevention of Zooanthroponoze Vector-Borne Diseases Spread by Parasitic Arthropods of the Center of the East European Plain

Russian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.31016/1998-8435-2020-14-1-81-88 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 81-88

Author(s):

Fedor I. Vasilevich ◽

Anna M. Nikanorova

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Models ◽

Culex Pipiens ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Piperonyl Butoxide ◽

East European Plain ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Kaluga Region

The purpose of the research is development of preventive measures against zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases spread by parasitic arthropods in the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. The subject of the research was Ixodidae, mosquitoes, and small mammals inhabiting the Kaluga Region. The census of parasitic arthropods was carried out on the territory of all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga. Open natural habitat and human settlements were investigated. Weather conditions from 2013 to 2018 were also taken into account. For the purposes of the study, we used standard methods for capturing and counting arthropods and mouse-like rodents. In order to obtain mathematical models of small mammal populations, a full factorial experiment was conducted using the collected statistical data. In-process testing of the drug based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide were carried out under the conditions of the agricultural collective farm “Niva” of the Kozelsky District, the Kaluga Region, and LLC “Angus Center of Genetics” of the Babyninsky District, the Kaluga Region. Results and discussion. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodic ticks are found, namely, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which have two activity peaks. Mosquito may have 3-4 generations in a year in the Kaluga region. The most common mosquito species in the Kaluga Region are Aedes communis, Ae. (Och.) togoi and Ae. (Och.) diantaeus, Culex pipiens Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) (Culex pipiens): Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. (non-autogenic form) and Cx. p. f. molestus Fors. (autogenic form), which interbreed, and reproductively isolated in the Region. The developed mathematical models make it possible to quantify the risks of outbreaks of zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases without the cost of field research, and allow for rational, timely and effective preventive measures. Medications based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide and based on cyfluthrin showed high insecto-acaricidal efficacy and safety.

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The Efficiency of Terpenes Extracts of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Seed to control Larval Stage of Callosobruchus maculates (Coleoptera:Bruchidae)

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.13.4.625-630 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 625-630

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Larval Instar ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Fourth Larval Instar ◽

Cowpea Seed

The current study has beenconduced to evaluate the effect of extracted crude terpens at the concentrations of 6,8% of seeds of Eucalyptuscamaldulensison the 4th larval instar oftheCallosobruchusmaculates and the percentage of the cowpea seed germination.The Results showed that the terpens extract of the concentration of 8% increases the mortality rate of the fourth larval instar and it reach to 63.3%, and then decrease of to 26.6,20% at concentration of 6%and forcontrol treatment respectively The percentage of adult emergence reduces to 0% at the concentration of 8% compared with control treatment in which it reach to 66.6%. The extraction atbothconcentrations 6,8% does not affect the germination rate

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