Bionomics of the Manchurian catalpa shoot borer, Sinomphisa plagialis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Shandong, China

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-540
Author(s):  
Qi Cheng-Jin ◽  
Li De-Wei ◽  
Zhang Bing-Xin
Keyword(s):  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Typical Symptom ◽  
Shoot Borer ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Jiaodong Peninsula ◽  
Catalpa Ovata ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Catalpa Bungei

AbstractLarvae of the Manchurian catalpa shoot borer Sinomphisa plagialis (Wileman) mainly damaged young shoots of Manchurian catalpa (Catalpa bungei) and ovate catalpa (Catalpa ovata). The typical symptom was production of spindle galls on damaged parts of shoots or branches, usually confined to seedlings, vigorously growing shoots, twigs and branches, as well as young trees below 3 m in height. Feeding occurred from early April to late October. In the Jiaodong peninsula, where there were one to two generations in a year, whereas in the mountainous area of central and southern Shandong, there were always two generations. Larvae had five instars. The longevity of adults was 3–11 days; eggs of the summer generation 7–9 days, overwintering generation 4–6 days; larvae of the summer generation 42–48 days; pupae of the summer generation 13–16 days, of the overwintering generation 22–26 days. Most overwintered in the pith as fifth instar larvae.

Dioryctria abietella. [Distribution map].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Shoot Borer ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Irish Republic ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dioryctria abietella (Schiffermüller) Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Spruce cone moth, pine shoot borer. Attacks Abies, Cedrus, Larix, Picea, Pinus Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, USSR, Armenian SSR, Georgian SSR, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, Russian, SFSR, Byransk, Caucasus, Karelia, Krasnoyarsk, Leningrad, Rostov, Siberia, Ukrainian SSR, ASIA, China, Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, India, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Japan, Korea, Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand.

The life history, growth, and age structure of Nephelopsis obscura Verrill, 1872 (Hirudinoidea) in Alberta

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Davies ◽  
Roger P. Everett
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Shore Zone ◽  
Cocoon Production ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Water Zone ◽  
Nephelopsis Obscura ◽  
Spring Generation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
First Time

Two generations of Nephelopsis obscura were produced annually in the spring and in the late summer. The spring generation was the progeny of the heavier elements of the previous year's spring generation and of the late-summer generation produced 2 years previously. The late-summer generation was produced by parts of the previous year's spring and late-summer generations. Each generation produced young after either 12 and 15 months or 12 and 19 months although each individual bred once only. Unlike other species of leeches studied N. obscura showed no direct correlation between cocoon production and water temperature, the primary prerequisite being a weight of more than 150 mg. Seasonal movements from the deep-water zone to the shore zone in spring and vice versa in the fall were recorded for the first time. The movements to the deep-water zone were not synchronous throughout the population, the spring generation completing its movements before the other components of the population.

scholarly journals Efficient Transformation of Catalpa bungei Shows Crystal Genes Conferring Resistance to the Shoot Borer Omphisa plagialis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenni Lv ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Enliang Zhang ◽  
Lingling Ma ◽  
Lulu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Shoot Borer ◽  
Catalpa Bungei ◽  
Insect Resistant

Although Catalpa bungei is a forest plant with considerable economic and ornamental value in China, its wood and decorative qualities are constrained by insect pests such as the shoot borer Omphisa plagialis (Lepidoptera). Overexpressing insect resistance genes such as crystal genes to develop an insect-resistant variety of C. bungei is an environmental and ecological approach. However, genotype limitations and low regeneration rates of embryogenic calli (EC) inhibit the development of transformation and the insect-resistant gene expression system in C. bungei. Here, we first established embryogenic callus induction and regeneration systems of five genotypes using mature seed and stem segment explants; the highest induction and regeneration rates of EC were 39.89 and 100%, respectively. Next, an efficient and stable Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system was developed from EC and its positive frequency was up to 92.31%. Finally, using the transformation system, 15 and 22 transgenic C. bungei lines that expressed Cry2A and Cry9Aa-like were generated, respectively. These transgenic lines that exhibited significantly higher resistance to O. plagialis in the laboratory and field have great promise for meeting the challenge of future pest management under changing climatic conditions. Additionally, this efficient, fast, and stable transformation system could be a potential tool for gene function analysis and forest tree genetic improvement.

Mortality and life-tables of Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) compared on two host-plant species

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish G. Robertson ◽  
J. H. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cactoblastis Cactorum ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

AbstractThe performance of Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) as a biological control agent of the cactus weeds Opuntia ficus-indica and O. aurantiaca was assessed by compiling life-tables for each host-plant, in both a summer and a winter generation, at a site in South Africa. Egg predation, mostly by ants, ranged from 54 to 74% and was significantly higher on O. aurantiaca than on O. ficus-indica. Larval mortality on O. aurantiaca was high during the summer generation (65%), possibly because of dehydration of cladodes. Survival on O. aurantiaca was 55 and 60% of that on O. ficus-indica in the summer and winter generations, respectively. Adult mortality, calculated from the life-tables, was 45 and 84% in the summer and winter generations, respectively. The most important components of mortality were natural enemies in the summer generation and weather-related factors in the winter generation. Host-plant-related mortality was not as great as was formerly supposed.

Biology and control of the dubas bug, Ommatissus binotatus lybicus de Berg. (Homoptera, Tropiduchidae), infesting date palms in Iraq

1963 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Chrysopa Carnea ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

The dubas bug, Ommatissus binotatus lybicus de Berg, is a serious pest of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) in Iraq, where there are two generations a year. Both nymphs and adults, which are described, suck the sap from the date palm. Repeated heavy infestations cause the weakening and death of some of the palms.The eggs are laid on all the green parts of the palm except the fruits, the majority on the leaflets, especially the upper surface. They are distributed evenly on the four aspects of the date palms, but unevenly on the frond rows, the second and fourth oldest rows having the majority of the eggs in the overwintering and summer generations, respectively. Deposition of eggs of the overwintering generation began in the second week of November and hatching started during the first week of April, the nymphal period lasting 47 days and the adults surviving for 15 days. Eggs of the summer generation were deposited from the second week of June, and hatching started in the first week of August, the nymphal period lasting 50 days and the adults surviving for 13 days. There are five nymphal instars.The nymphs excreted droplets of honeydew, and both nymphs and adults prefer the shady parts of the date palm. In order to escape the severe heat of the summer days, the nymphs and adults of the overwintering generation migrated towards the bases of the new fronds. The sex ratio was nearly 1:1, and the mean number of eggs laid per female was 106. The mortality rate for a constant population level was 98·11 per cent.The eggs were parasitised by a small Chalcidoid. The larvae of the lace wing Chrysopa carnea Steph. and the adults of Coccinella septempunctata L., C. undecimpunctata L., and Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) preyed upon the nymphs and adults.In tests with inseeticidal sprays containing 240 g. active ingredient per 100 gal. applied at the rate of 1½ gal. per palm against adults and nymphs, DDT and malathion were equally effective, but Dipterex was less so. Similar concentrations of mixtures of malathion with heptachlor and DDT with diazinon were also effective.

SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) ADULTS IN SOYBEAN, PEANUT, CORN, SORGHUM, AND WHEAT IN NORTHERN FLORIDA

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Funderburk ◽  
D. C. Herzog ◽  
R. E. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Crop Growth ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Elasmopalpus Lignosellus ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Crop Growth Stages ◽  
Adult Abundance

Adult abundance of lesser cornstalk borer (LCB), Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), in agronomic crops in northern Florida was determined by pheromone trapping. Trap captures revealed that the temporal pattern of adult abundance differed for each crop. Multiple generations occurred in peanut and grain sorghum fields, with adults in abundance during both vegetative and reproductive crop-growth stages. Adults were abundant in the soybean fields only during vegetative and early reproductive crop-growth stages, with captures comprising individuals of two generations. Adults were abundant in wheat fields only during early seedling stages, while few adults were collected at any time in corn fields. Trap captures further indicated that there was rarely any considerable overlap between adult populations of different generations. The temporal patterns and magnitudes of adult captures were similar in fields of the same crop planted on about the same date, but dissimilar in fields of different crops or fields of the same crop planted on different dates.

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