Effects of the infection with Trypanosoma cruzi on the feeding and excretion/defecation patterns of Triatoma infestans

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pereyra ◽  
P.A. Lobbia ◽  
G. Mougabure-Cueto
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
First Time

AbstractTransmission of Trypanosma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) occurs when feces/urine of infected triatomines come into contact with mucous membranes or damaged skin, and this occurs mainly when insects defecate while feeding on the host. Thus, the vector competence of the triatomines is associated with their feeding and excretion/defecation behavior. This work studied for the first time the effect of T. cruzi infection on feeding and excretion/defecation patterns of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Uninfected and infected fifth-instar nymphs were fed ad libitum and their feeding behavior and defecations were registered during and after feeding. The feeding pattern did not show differences between the experimental groups. However, the infected nymphs began to defecate earlier, defecated in greater quantity and there was a greater proportion of defecating individuals compared to uninfected nymphs. These results show that T. cruzi affected the excretion/defecation pattern of T. infestans in a way that would increase the probability of contact between infective feces and the mammalian host.

scholarly journals Comparison of feeding and defecation patterns between fifth-instar nymphs of Triatoma patagonica (Del Ponte, 1929) and Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1934) under laboratory conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Susana Rodríguez ◽  
Silvia Alejandra Carrizo ◽  
Liliana Beatriz Crocco
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Ad Libitum

Among the vectors of Chagas disease, Triatoma patagonica is a species in the process of adaptation to the human environment. However, its vector competence is not well known. This study had the aim of evaluating and comparing feeding and defecation patterns among fifth-instar nymphs of Triatoma patagonica and Triatoma infestans that were fed ad libitum. The results showed that nymphs of Triatoma patagonica had a feeding pattern similar to that of Triatoma infestans. Sixty nine percent and 58% of nymphs of Triatoma patagonica and Triatoma infestans, respectively, produced their first defecation within five minutes after being fed. Triatoma patagonica defecated during feeding, with an average time until first defecation that was shorter than that of Triatoma infestans (3.4 and 6.2 min, respectively). The nymphs of Triatoma patagonica were capable of defecating during or immediately after feeding.

Comparing vector competence of Mepraia gajardoi and Triatoma infestans by genotyping Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units present in naturally infected Octodon degus

Acta Tropica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Alejandra Sandoval-Rodríguez ◽  
Gemma Rojo ◽  
Angélica López ◽  
Sylvia Ortiz ◽  
Miguel Saavedra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Octodon Degus

scholarly journals Trypanosoma cruzi Parasite Load Modulates the Circadian Activity Pattern of Triatoma infestans

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Francisco Chacón ◽  
Catalina Muñoz-San Martín ◽  
Antonella Bacigalupo ◽  
Bárbara Álvarez-Duhart ◽  
Rigoberto Solís ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
First Time

American trypanosomiasis is a disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted mainly in endemic areas by blood-sucking triatomine vectors. Triatoma infestans is the most important vector in the southern cone of South America, exhibiting a nocturnal host-seeking behavior. It has been previously documented that the parasite produces changes in some triatomine species, but this is the first time that the behavior of a vector has been evaluated in relation to its parasite load. After comparing the movement events and distance traveled of infected and non-infected T. infestans, we evaluated the change produced by different T. cruzi parasite loads on its circadian locomotor activity. We observed differences between infected and non-infected triatomines, and a significant relation between the parasite load and the increase in locomotor activity of T. infestans, which was accentuated during the photophase. This could have direct implications on the transmission of T. cruzi, as the increased movement and distance traveled could enhance the contact of the vector with the host, while increasing the predation risk for the vector, which could both constitute a risk for vectorial and oral transmission to mammals.

scholarly journals Participation of Trypanosoma cruzi gp63 molecules on the interaction with Rhodnius prolixus

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (8) ◽  
pp. 1075-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina M. Rebello ◽  
Livia A. Uehara ◽  
Vítor Ennes-Vidal ◽  
Aline S. Garcia-Gomes ◽  
Constança Britto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Metal Chelators ◽  
Insect Midgut ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Vector Interaction ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
First Time

AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a vector-borne disease. The parasite molecules involved in vector interaction have been little investigated. Metallopeptidases and gp63 molecules have been implicated in parasite adhesion of several trypanosomatids to the insect midgut. Although gp63 homologues are highly expanded in the T. cruzi genome, and are implicated in parasite–mammalian host interaction, its role in the insect vector has never been explored. Here, we showed that divalent metal chelators or anti-Tcgp63-I antibodies impaired T. cruzi adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus midgut. Parasites isolated after insect colonization presented a drastic enhancement in the expression of Tcgp63-I. These data highlight, for the first time, that Tcgp63-I and Zn-dependent enzymes contribute to the interaction of T. cruzi with the insect vector.

scholarly journals The Fungal Microbiota of the Digestive Tract of the Chagas Disease Vectors Triatoma infestans Klug, 1834 and Panstrongylus megistus Burmeister, 1835

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Ingrid dos Santos da Silva ◽  
Mônica de França Guedelha ◽  
Cíntia Alves da Silva ◽  
Lara Cristina Santos ◽  
Angela Cristina Verissimo Junqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Panstrongylus Megistus ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Fungal Microbiota

Chagas is a neglected disease, one of Brazil’s main medical and social problems and a serious public health problem in the Americas, with more recent occurrences in non-endemic countries outside of the Americas. Research into the microbiota of triatomines is relevant because of its potential role in vector competence and as a proposed biological control strategy. Stressing a possible insect-fungal interaction in the development of Trypanosoma cruzi, and considering the lack of studies on the subject, we analyzed the fungal microbiota of the digestive tract of two species considered important vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi: Triatoma infestans and Panstrongylus megistus. Specimens were dissected, digestive tracts macerated and contents serially diluted. Each aliquot was seeded in three culture media. The plates were incubated in type B.O.D. climate chambers for 21 days, after which isolated colonies were morphological characterized and identified. There have been few published studies on the fungal microbiota of the triatomine digestive tract. Comparing the results found here with existing data reveals that the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium are commonly found in the digestive tract of the studied triatomines. Among the several genera identified, the species found in the highest percentages were Aspergillus flavus, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium waksmanii, Penicillium raistrickii and Penicillium fellutanum. Quantitative differences in the number of isolated fungal strains were observed according to sex and nymphal stage of the vector. The present findings corroborate those found in the literature, showing that there is a natural fungal microbiota in triatomines. Data revealing quantitative differences in isolated fungal strains found in male, female and nymphs reinforce the idea that their presence is related to physiology and fasting resistance. The secondary metabolite-producing fungi isolated in this work have in their biology great potential to be tested with regard to the establishment of T. cruzi in the digestive tract of its vector.

scholarly journals Cardiac morbidity due to Chagas' disease in a rural community in Bolivia

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Weinke ◽  
K. Ueberrieiter ◽  
M. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Bundle Branch Block ◽  
Cardiac Morbidity ◽  
House Improvement ◽  
Ecg Alterations ◽  
Anterior Hemiblock

SUMMARYThe prevalence of cardiac morbidity due to Change' disease was assessed in a rural community in Central Bolivia. Sixty-nine of 104 persons (66%) were seropositive to Trypanosoma cruzi by two serological methods. Two of 35 (6%) seronegative individuals presented with modest ECG alterations (left anterior hemiblock), but 21 of 69 (30%) seropositives showed modest and severe abnormalities (6 complete right bundle branch block. 2 polyfocal or frequent extrasystoles, 9 ischaemic ST alterations). A high percentage (56%) of domiciliary Triatoma infestans was infected with T. cruzi. There was a significant association between seropositivity and substandard housing. Priority preventive measures should thus include house improvement (to reduce bug infestation) and health education.

Indeterminate Chagas’ disease: Trypanosoma cruzi strain and re-infection are factors involved in the progression of cardiopathy

2003 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. BUSTAMANTE ◽  
Héctor W. RIVAROLA ◽  
Alicia R. FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
Julio E. ENDERS ◽  
Ricardo FRETES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cardiac Lesions ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Β Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
First Time

Chagas' disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted by reduviid bugs. The World Health Organization has estimated that about 16–18 million people in the Americas are infected, and that more than 100 million are at risk. In the present study we have used a murine model to analyse if particular T. cruzi strains (Tulahuen strain and SGO-Z12 isolate from a chronic patient) and/or re-infection may determine, during the indeterminate phase of experimental Chagas' disease, changes that could explain the different evolution of cardiac lesions. Re-infected mice reached higher parasitaemias than those infected for the first time. The survival in the indeterminate phase of mice infected with Tulahuen strain was 50.0%, while the SGO-Z12-infected group presented a significantly higher survival rate (77.1%; P<0.01). The SGO-Z12-re-infected group showed a survival rate (70.9%) significantly higher than that of the Tulahuen-re-infected group (37.0%; P<0.01). Electrocardiographic abnormalities were found in 66% of Tulahuen-infected mice, while in SGO-Z12-infected group such abnormalities were found in only 36% of animals (P<0.01). The two groups exhibited similar percentages of electrocardiographic dysfunction on re-infection, although intraventricular blocks were more frequent in Tulahuen-re-infected mice (P<0.01). Hearts from infected or re-infected mice with either parasite showed mononuclear infiltrates. The SGO-Z12-re-infected and Tulahuen-re-infected groups exhibited a significantly diminished affinity (P<0.05) and a significantly increased density (P<0.05) of cardiac β-adrenergic receptors compared with the infected and non-infected groups. The indeterminate phase of Chagas' disease is defined as a prolonged period that is clinically silent, but the present findings show that different T. cruzi strains and re-infection are able to alter the host–parasite equilibrium, and these factors may be responsible for inducing progressive cardiopathy.

scholarly journals Mammalian cell invasion and intracellular trafficking by Trypanosoma cruzi infective forms

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato A. Mortara ◽  
Walter K. Andreoli ◽  
Noemi N. Taniwaki ◽  
Adriana B. Fernandes ◽  
Claudio V. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Different Strains

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas’ disease, occurs as different strains or isolates that may be grouped in two major phylogenetic lineages: T. cruzi I, associated with the sylvatic cycle and T. cruzi II, linked to the human disease. In the mammalian host the parasite has to invade cells and many studies implicated the flagellated trypomastigotes in this process. Several parasite surface components and some of host cell receptors with which they interact have been identified. Our work focused on how amastigotes, usually found growing in the cytoplasm, can invade mammalian cells with infectivities comparable to that of trypomastigotes. We found differences in cellular responses induced by amastigotes and trypomastigotes regarding cytoskeletal components and actin-rich projections. Extracellularly generated amastigotes of T. cruzi I strains may display greater infectivity than metacyclic trypomastigotes towards cultured cell lines as well as target cells that have modified expression of different classes of cellular components. Cultured host cells harboring the bacterium Coxiella burnetii allowed us to gain new insights into the trafficking properties of the different infective forms of T. cruzi, disclosing unexpected requirements for the parasite to transit between the parasitophorous vacuole to its final destination in the host cell cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Incapacidade de evolução do Trypanosoma cruzi na hemocele de triatomíneos

1982 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson J. Alvarenga ◽  
Elizabeth Bronfen
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Triatoma Infestans

O exame da hemolinfa de triatomíneos (Triatoma infestans e Dipetalogastermaxima) infectados pelo Trypanosoma cruzi há 10, 15, 20 e 30 dias não revelaram a presença do flagelado. Material colhido e lavado da hemocele de D. maxima infectados, também foi negativo. A inoculação de formas sanguíneas do parasita e daquelas obtidas do conteúdo intestinal de triatomíneos na hemocele revelou que os parasitas não foram capazes de manter na hemolinfa uma infecção por mais de 40 dias e que não puderam penetrar no intestino dos triatomíneos. A inoculação de hemolinfa de insetos naturalmente infectados em camundongos recém-nascidos não induziu infecção.

scholarly journals Infestacion domestica por triatoma infestans y prevalencia de seropositivos al Trypanosoma cruzi en un area rural del nordeste argentino

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Esther Bar ◽  
E.B. Oscherov ◽  
M.P. Damborsky ◽  
B.M. Alvarez ◽  
G. Mizdraji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
El Alto

Se llevó a cabo un estúdio epidemiológicopara obtener unpanorama general de la transmisión doméstica del Trypanosoma cruzi en áreas rurales del Departamento San Miguel, Conientes, Argentina. Se investigaron 100 viviendas precarias, 50,0% de las mismas resultó infestado por Triatoma infestans y 1,0% por T. sórdida, citãndose por primera vez para la provinda de Comentes la colonización domiciliaria de esta especie. El 23,1% de T. infestans estaba infectado por T. cruzi. La seroprevalencia de 388 pacientes analizados por hemaglutinacíôn indirecta e inmunofluorescencia indirecta fue 23,4%, destacándose el alto índice (12,9%) constatado en menores de 10 anos. Losporcentajes de seropositividad aumentaron con la edad, alcanzándose 50,0% de infectados entre los 31-40 anos. La infestación doméstica por T. infestans, la prevalencia humana de seropositivos al T. cruzi y las condiciones deprecariedad en que se desenvuelve la vida de los pobladores revelan la vigência de la endemia chagãsica en el área estudiada.

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