Twentieth-Century Product Innovations in the German Food Industry

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Spiekermann
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
German Food ◽  
Technological Options

Product innovation, a decisive factor in modern economies, is usually analyzed from one point of view–that of the producers. A more realistic approach to the subject would add at least four dimensions to a consideration of the topic: the perspective of consumers and the cultural context within which they form their views; the differences in how experts and consumers acquire knowledge about products; the increasing influence of retailers at the point of sale; and the technological options available to producers and households. Two twentieth-century German case studies–on the scientific innovation of yogurt and the preserving and canning of food–connect the often separate perspectives of business, consumers, and culture.

Життєтворчість Іллі Саца у вітчизняному культурному просторі початку ХХ століття

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Badalov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Music Criticism ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Humanitarian Space ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Creative Life

The subject of the study is comprehensive understanding of the life and creativity by I. Sats – a significant figure in the national musical life of the early twentieth century.The purpose of the article is exploring the circumstances of I. Sats’ activity in the socio-cultural context of the era.The methodology of the article includes: historical and chronological method – for studying the events of the artist’s biography; source method – for research of archival materials, correspondence, reconstruction of composer’s creative life; hermeneutical analysis method – for interpretation of literary inheritance (libretto, music criticism) by I. Sats in the context of the early twentieth century; logic-generalization method – to summarize the results of the study.As a result of the research, a complex view on the multivectoral creative activity by I. Sats was formed, his significant role in the formation of new genres of musical and theatrical creativity, development of the humanitarian space of Chernihiv, Irkutsk, and Moscow was proved. The application of the results of the research in scientific, music-pedagogical and educational activities will significantly expand the established ideas about the development of the national musical culture.Key words: music for theater, Moscow Art Theater, satirical opera, I. Sats, Chernihiv region, Irkutsk music classes.

Fortress Under Siege: A New German History

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Brady Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
German History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Berlin Republic ◽  
German People ◽  
Ancient Forests ◽  
German Historian

Measured against its subject, German history from the ancient forests to the “Berlin Republic,” A Mighty Fortress: A New History of the German People by Steven Ozment is a very short book. Karl Lamprecht (1856–1915) required some 6,000 pages in twelve volumes to cover the subject, and he had no twentieth century to master. Ozment's book is readable. It moves along in the athletic style and at the brisk pace we expect from him and is largely free of the sarcasms that pepper some of his earlier (though not the earliest) writings. The most surprising thing about A Mighty Fortress is that it was written at all. Why no German historian would tackle the subject today needs no explanation, but it is truly curious that a foreigner would essay the task. Yet Ozment has done just that. The product is a book easy and fun to read, in many respects better entertainment than history. A Mighty Fortress' point of view is so obstinately personal, its attitude toward established scholarship so brusque, and its narrative so broken and at times opaque, that only generous quotations can supply a fair impression of the book.

L’exil, une reinterpretation de la reforme radicale au XXe siecle

Moreana ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (Number 171- (3-4) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Frédéric de Coninck
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Group ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Life Choices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Radical Reformation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Subject

The social configuration of exile means the minority presence of a social group that builds a different lifestyle and different beliefs from the majority while coexisting with that majority in the same place. This configuration, valued in a surprising way, in the Jewish prophetism of the exile period, has long faced strong oppositions. The Christendom society wanted, from this point of view, a homogeneous society. The Reformation has produced divisions, but has not destroyed, as a first step, the local uniformity of convictions and life choices. The radical Reformation, which has valued, from 1523, individual choice against a religion imposed or controlled by the state had all the attributes needed to conceive itself as living in a position of exile. This has not been the case. The pressure for social homogeneity was too strong at the time. It was not before the twentieth century, when rereading the legacy of the radical Reformation in the context of an increasingly fragmented society, that the subject was finally raised.

The singer, not the song: women singers as composer-poets

Popular Music ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
John Potter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Musical Evolution ◽  
Joni Mitchell ◽  
Considerable Detail ◽  
Point Of Departure

In his comprehensive celebration of women singers in the twentieth century, Wilfrid Mellers proposed a three-stage socio-musical evolution from the jazz, blues and gospel songs sung by black women, through the black-inspired white singers who followed them, to a new synthesis of singing poet-composers (Mellers 1986). Within this third category, very much the main point of the book, Mellers deals in considerable detail with a range of singer/song writers, from Joni Mitchell and Dory Previn to Rickie Lee Jones and Laurie Anderson. In this article I should like to take this concept of the woman singer/song writer as a point of departure from which to look at two very different kinds of singer: different, that is, both from each other and from any of the singers dealt with in the Mellers book. It has always seemed to me to be characteristic of much of Wilfrid Mellers' writing (and certainly of Angels of the Night) that he never lets his musicological agenda get in the way of his fundamental enjoyment of the music as a fan trying to make sense of his own taste. The reader can accept or reject his thoughts about the significance of it all, and not get so blinded by musicology that you cannot face listening to the songs: that, after all, is in the end what we are supposed to do. In what follows, I, too, write as a fan, but since performers do not often get the chance to bite back at musicologists, I should also like to take the opportunity to question from a singer's point of view a certain kind of performance analysis used by many musicologists. The subject is fraught with ideological booby-traps, so I should confess right away that I am a middle-class, middle-aged English married father.

Stylistics and the cultural context in literary translation

Babel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-634
Author(s):  
Miodrag M. Vukčević
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
German Literature ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
German Language ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
German Reader

Considering the example of the translation of Njegoš’s The Mountain Wreath into the German language, the paper analyses the translational solutions that are dictated by the principles of the subject. The translator Alois Schmaus chose to take this step in order to bring home to the modern reader a world which appears to be archaic. He made this decision for two reasons. First, the German reader is unfamiliar with the historical context that is the subject of this poem; secondly the rules of prosody in Serbian and German do not match. By choosing to carry over the Serbian epic decasyllable, Schmaus favours the Serbian poetic tradition. From the historical point of view German verse, constructed as an Alexandrine, is burdened with the context of courtly poetics. The hexameter, meanwhile, which was introduced into German literature by Klopstock and later popularised by Voss and Goethe, appears in the context of the rise of the bourgeoisie. Both verses require changes while being translated, which affect the poem’s characteristics. In order to maintain authenticity, Schmaus pleads for the “Serbian trochee”: iamb and dactyl, metrical feet that are closer to the German language, would have impeded the setting the diaeresis and affected the syntax. Because of this, Schmaus places a spondee at the end of every verse and sets the historical context in the tradition of martyrdom.

scholarly journals Capri’s Touristification. A Millennial Cultural Landscape Reinvented by Luxury Tourism

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1509-1529
Author(s):  
Giovanna Russo Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Slow Pace ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Over Time

In recent years the issue of touristification has been progressively discussed in relation to its impact on historic towns. In this regard, physical transformations and gentrification consequences are both issues often addressed. In Italy, consciousness on the subject primarily grew in relation to Florence and Venice, both national cases widely discussed also on newspapers. The awareness of a wider range of cases affected by this problem, from big cities to small holiday destinations, is even more recent. The aim of the present paper is to address Capri’s touristification process, which started in the last decades of the nineteenth century and exploded in the second half of the twentieth century, from the point of view of the field of study of history and conservation of cultural heritage and landscape. Therefore, this process and some of its consequences on the island’s cultural landscape and identity are thoroughly analyzed. The paper starts with a brief introduction to the island and its history, which is necessary in order to highlight its rich cultural heritage and the slow pace at which Capri has grown over time as a fishermen island to suddenly transforming into a touristic destination during the last century. Finally, the current touristic vocation and the consequences on Capri’s natural and built environment are discussed, with the aim of individuating if and why there have already been losses and what should be done to prevent this negative process from going on.

scholarly journals „Więc naprzód pies poczciwy kundel, który nas nigdy nie opuścił…” Wątki kynologiczne w wybranych wierszach polskich poetów XX w.

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Jęcz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
The World ◽  
Mongrel Dog ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Literary Devices

„First of all, there is, and always will be, our good old mongrel...” Dog motifs in chosen Polish poems from the 20th centuryThe aim of this paper is to discuss the motif of the dog occurring in the twentieth century Polish poetry. This will entail two research outlooks: 1. the dog as the author of alyrical monologue, per­ceiving the world from an animal’s point of view Monologue of a dog ensnared in history by Szymborska and A dog’s dream by Gałczyński; 2. the dog as the source of interest for the subject of a poem First of all, the dog by Herbert, Dogs by Baczyński, and Stroking a dog by Pawlikowska-Jasnorzew­ska. The paper serves the role of an introductory article, touching upon the most important issues, foundations and literary devices used in depicting the dog motif in the above-mentioned poems.

scholarly journals MUSICAL COGNITIVISM IN A NEW ASPECT: TURNING TO SUBJECTIVITY (BOOKS BY I. BOSTRIDGE AND J. E. GARDINER)

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 234-242
Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. Shapinskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Musical Piece ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Reflection

The article examines the problems of understanding music from the point of view of interaction of emotional perceiving and theoretical reflection. Basing on the case of two works on Schubert and J. S. Bach, written by outstanding musicians of our time, I. Bostridge and J. E. Gardiner, the role of author’s subject position is examined as well as reconstruction of historical and cultural context of the works as the prerequisite for deeper understanding. The author of the article points out changes in the attitude to music pieces after reading these books, which shows relevance of music cognitivism, not diminishing the impact of music, but, on the contrary, showing its new aspects if the author combines personal experience and research capabilities. Since both books are about music containing verbal element (vocal cycle and cantatas and Passions) the problem of interrelation of music and word has been regarded. In analyzing I. Bostridge’s book the accent is placed on recreation of historical and cultural factors connected with different songs of the cycle. In examining Gardiner’s work attention is given to elements of biographical method which are used to get more versatile notion about the composer’s music through which different traits of his character, often ambivalent, are disclosed. Interaction between sensual perception and intellectual reflection is an important process not only in gaining knowledge about a musical piece, but in extending social and cultural experience of the listener and the performer. Special accent is placed on regarding subjective approach to the works performed and analysed used by the authors as the result of merging of performing experience and research work. Such approach is relevant for contemporary art studies in which the subject/object duality is deconstructed and multidisciplinary research prevails.

A Modified Chair Geometry for Whole Body Counting

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
S. C. Jain ◽  
G. C. Bhola ◽  
A. Nagaratnam ◽  
M. M. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Spatial Response ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
The Buddha

SummaryIn the Marinelli chair, a geometry widely used in whole body counting, the lower part of the leg is seen quite inefficiently by the detector. The present paper describes an attempt to modify the standard chair geometry to minimise this limitation. The subject sits crossed-legged in the “Buddha Posture” in the standard chair. Studies with humanoid phantoms and a volunteer sitting in the Buddha posture show that this modification brings marked improvement over the Marinelli chair both from the point of view of sensitivity and uniformity of spatial response.

Cristóbal Balenciaga. Explorations in Traditional Spanish Aesthetics

Costume ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Ana Balda Arana
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Religious Iconography

This article investigates how the traditional attire and religious iconography of Cristóbal Balenciaga's (1895–1972) country of origin inspired his designs. The arguments presented here build on what has already been established on the subject, provide new data regarding the cultural context that informed the couturier's creative process (with which the Anglo-Saxon world is less familiar) and conclude by investigating the reasons and timing of his exploration of these fields. They suggest why this Spanish influence is present in his innovations in the 1950s and 1960s and go beyond clichéd interpretations of the ruffles of flamenco dress and bullfighters’ jackets. The findings derive from research for the author's doctoral thesis and her curatorial contribution to the exhibition Coal and Velvet. Balenciaga and Ortiz Echagüe. Views on the Popular Costume (Balenciaga Museum, Getaria, Spain, 7 October 2016–7 May 2017).

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