Palmer's Company Guide. A Manual of Everyday Law and Practice. Thirty-fifth Edition. By J. Charlesworth, LL.D., of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law. London: Stevens & Sons, Ltd.1946. x and 266 pp. (5s. net.) - Palmer's Private Companies. Their Formation and Advantages and the Mode of Converting a Business into a Private Company. Thirty-ninth Edition. By J. Charlesworth, LL.D., of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law. London: Stevens & Sons, Ltd.1945. vii and 100 pp. (2s. 6d. net.) - The Essential Work Order. By H. Samuels, M.A., of the Middle Temple and Northern Circuit, Barrister-at-Law. London: Stevens & Sons, Ltd.1945. 38 pp. (2s. 6d. net.) - Marriage Separation and Divorce. By H. B. Grant, M.A., of Gray's Inn, Barrister-at-Law, Formerly Senior Scholar, Trinity College, Cambridge, Lord Justice Holker Senior Scholar, Gray's Inn. London: Stevens & Sons, Ltd.1946. 130 pp. (3s. 6d. net.)

ABSTRACT This study uses survey data gathered by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) and provided to the Institute for Fraud Prevention (IFP) to examine differences in the profile of financial reporting fraud (FRF) between private companies and public companies. Although private companies represent a significant portion of the economy, largely due to lack of data on these companies, most research on FRF examines only public companies. The primary objective of this study is to determine how private company FRF is different from FRF in public companies. Our multivariate tests reveal that public companies have stronger anti-fraud environments, are more likely to have frauds that involve timing differences, tend to experience larger frauds, have frauds that involve a larger number of perpetrators, and are less likely to have frauds that are discovered by accident. Overall, it appears that the stronger anti-fraud environment in public companies leads public company FRF perpetrators to use less obvious fraud methods (i.e., timing differences) and to involve larger fraud teams to circumvent the controls. These public company frauds are larger than in private companies, and their larger size may make them more likely to be detected through formal means, rather than by accident. Based on the results, we encourage auditors and others to be particularly attuned to the unique risks of the public versus private setting.

Download Full-text

The Management of Knowledge Resources within Private Organisations

Knowledge Management for Process, Organizational and Marketing Innovation - Advances in Knowledge Acquisition, Transfer, and Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-829-6.ch003 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 36-61

Author(s):

Federica Ricceri ◽

James Guthrie ◽

Rodney Coyte

Keyword(s):

International Institutions ◽

Economic Base ◽

Wealth Creation ◽

Private Company ◽

Private Companies ◽

Knowledge Resources ◽

Research Questions ◽

National Economies ◽

Specific Organisation

National economies have rapidly moved from their industrial economic base and shifted towards a knowledge base, in which wealth creation is associated with the ability to develop and manage knowledge resources (KR) (see, among others, MERITUM, 2002; EC, 2006). Several national and international institutions have produced various Intellectual Capital (IC) frameworks1 and guidelines (e.g. MERITUM, 2002; SKE, 2007; EC, 2006) to guide in the management, measurement and reporting of IC. However, there appear to be few studies of private company practices (Guthrie & Ricceri, 2009). The above informed the following two research questions of our study: (1) In what ways, did the private companies express their strategy and the role of KR within it? (2) What tools, including ‘inscription devices’, were used for understanding and managing KR within a specific organisation? This chapter answers these questions by providing illustrations of KR and their management in practice in a variety of private companies.

Download Full-text

Private Companies in Europe and the European Private Company

The Governance of Close Corporations and Partnerships ◽

10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264353.003.0014 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 375-398

Author(s):

ROBERT R. DRURY

Keyword(s):

Private Company ◽

Private Companies ◽

European Private Company

Download Full-text

Biomimetics for business? Industry perceptions and patent application

Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management ◽

10.1108/jstpm-05-2018-0052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 597-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryo Kohsaka ◽

Yoshinori Fujihira ◽

Yuta Uchiyama

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Patent Application ◽

Future Research ◽

Private Company ◽

Private Companies ◽

Content Type ◽

Staff Members ◽

Industrial Sectors ◽

The Social ◽

International Comparative

Purpose Biomimetics are expected to contribute to sustainable environmental management; however, there has been no exploration of industry perceptions by using empirical data. This study aims to identify the trends and perceptions of biomimetics. The industrial sectors in Japan and international patent application trends are analyzed. Design/methodology/approach An online survey to identify the perceptions of staff members in Japanese private companies (n = 276) was conducted. Japan is an emerging country in terms of the social implementation of biomimetics, and this paper can provide insights into other such countries. Findings It is identified that the strength of connections to biomimetics differs across industrial sectors. The respondents from companies that use nanoscale biomimetics tend to have the knowledge of, and experience in, biomimetics. Regarding the overall understanding of patent applications, Japanese private company employees require knowledge of patent application trends and country rankings as potential factors influencing the development of biomimetics. Social implications Knowledge transfer and sharing of experience among engineers and researchers of nanoscale technologies and urban scales are necessary to facilitate biomimetic advancement. Originality/value The results of the first survey and an analysis of the perceptions of staff members in private companies in Japan are provided to show the challenges in the social implementation of biomimetics. The results can be referred to for the social implementation of biomimetics in emerging countries. The method of this study can be applied to an international comparative analysis in future research.

Download Full-text

Who gets all the PIE? Regulation of the statutory audit for private UK companies

Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal ◽

10.1108/aaaj-12-2015-2341 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 1297-1324

Author(s):

Iain Clacher ◽

Alan Duboisée de Ricquebourg ◽

Amy May

Keyword(s):

Accounting Profession ◽

Private Company ◽

Private Companies ◽

Member States ◽

Content Type ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Audit Market ◽

Audit Firms ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Uk

Purpose While recently introduced EU regulation on the statutory audit of public interest entities (PIEs) aims to improve audit competition and quality, its success and impact depends on the definition of a PIE applied across the various EU Member States. In the UK, even though little is known about their auditing choices, these changes will not apply to most private companies despite their importance to the wider economy. The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of the private company audit market and examine the lobbying behaviour of the accounting profession around the definition of a PIE in the UK. Design/methodology/approach Using a large panel of independent private company audits in the UK and a textual analysis of submitted comment letters to a government consultation on the new regulation, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the audit market for private companies by measuring supplier concentration using four different measures of market share, and of the lobbying behaviour of the accounting profession. Findings There are two main findings. First, the private company audit market is characterised by low auditor switching rates along with a tight oligopoly of the largest independent private company audits maintained by the Big Four audit firms. Second, the lobbying behaviour of accounting and audit firms sought, and succeeded, to limit the scope of the definition of a PIE in the UK, consistent with the theoretical predictions of monopoly capitalism and the theory of professions. Originality/value The paper shows that the definition and scope of a PIE needs revisiting both within the UK and across all EU Member States, with a view to including more of these economically important private companies and highlights the policy challenge of increasing competition and choice in a concentrated audit market.

Download Full-text

Agricultural Extention Paradigm Private Companies in Bandung Barat District

Jurnal Penyuluhan ◽

10.25015/16202028439 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 24-36

Author(s):

Kuswarini Sulandjari ◽

Ganjar Kurnia ◽

Tarya J. Sugarda ◽

Heppi Hapsari

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Agricultural Extension ◽

Information Services ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Private Company ◽

Private Companies ◽

Entire Text ◽

Participatory Education

The purpose of this study is to examine the paradigm of organizing and technical agricultural counseling of private company. This is a qualitative research, and data were collected using interview, observation, document study and FGD techniques. Study documents include reading the standard operational procedures (SOP) counseling, counseling materials, invitations, vouchers, and coupons. Data were analyzed by reading the entire text of the interview transcription, summarizing and eliminating duplication, classifying, describing patterns, and themes. Marketing officers deal with farmer consumers using marketingtechniques and extension methods. Technically, the method of providing knowledge, involving stakeholders, and counseling private companies uses paradigms: persuasive-participatory (solicitation and deliberation), educative participatory (education and deliberation) through information services, consultation, guidance, guidance and assistance in accordance with farmers' interests, using a professional approach, satisfying farmers, providing equality and democracy. The results showed that the paradigm of agricultural extension providers of private companies is oriented to get benefit from the sale of agricultural facilities, or marketing agricultural products.

Download Full-text

The Dodd-Frank Act and the Private Company Discount: An Empirical Investigation

Journal of Forensic Accounting Research ◽

10.2308/jfar-19-024 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Peter L. Lohrey

Keyword(s):

Empirical Investigation ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Purchase Price ◽

Private Company ◽

Private Companies ◽

Public Companies ◽

Significant Evidence ◽

Public Firms ◽

Academic Literature ◽

Tax Court

There has been a great deal of criticism about the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 (DFA) which focuses on the negative impact it had on small public companies. This study uses acquisition data to perform an empirical investigation into whether the DFA impacted the value of private companies. The results present statistically significant evidence that the purchase price discount for non-public firms was greater post-DFA. The evidence presents support for the opinion that the DFA was more harmful to private companies than it was to public companies. It also supports the existent academic literature, tax court, federal regulator and valuation practitioner views that private company acquisitions should include a discount for lack of marketability due to the illiquid nature of private companies.

Download Full-text

Tax Planning and Tax Obligations at Indonesian Private Company

Kaav International Journal of Economics , Commerce & Business Management ◽

10.52458/23484969-2021-4-a07 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

Siti Rosyafah ◽

Keyword(s):

Tax Planning ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Private Company ◽

Private Companies ◽

State Income

Tax is one of the establishment segments of state income, in order to guarantee progression of financing national improvement. In a business, charge may be a source takes a toll without accepting quick remunerate. Hence, we require an arrangement for companies to discover ways to streamline the charge and one of the ways utilized is through assessment arranging. The reason for this study is to decide the degree of charge arranging through worker welfare to minimize the charging burden on Indonesian private companies. This sort of research is expressive. Information got by utilizing documentation and interviews. The information investigation utilized is qualitative approach. The result appeared kind of assess arranging through representative welfare of the company can streamline the sum of assessing payable, from the company by recognizing as a cost the taken a toll representative welfare operations. The administration of PT. Domas Perkasa should apply tax arranging through representative welfare to play down of company charge burden.

Download Full-text

Corporate governance and whistle blowing in India: promises or reality?

International Journal of Law and Management ◽

10.1108/ijlma-12-2015-0064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 430-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karn Marwaha

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Private Sector ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Private Company ◽

Private Companies ◽

Content Type ◽

The Public ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Legal Provisions ◽

Law And Justice

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to analyze the legal provisions relating to the protection extended to the private company employees who blows the whistle. It is a major requirement of the country that Whistle Blowers Protection Act should not only be made compulsory for public sector but also be made compulsory for private companies of any size so that illegal activities could be identified and major risk could be avoided. Presently, private sector is growing rapidly, and it has a growth in way of economic resources, and private sector is also entering into the public domain by privatization, so exclusion of private sector by the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011 is very dangerous. Design/methodology/approach The researcher has resorted to primary as well as secondary sources of data. The primary sources of data are the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011, Official Secrets Act, 1923, Right to Information Act, 2005, The 179th Law commission report, report of Second Administrative Reforms Commissions, 2007 and recommendations made by Parliamentary Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievance, Law and Justice, 2011. The secondary data are the books and articles of different authors. Findings This Act provides a mechanism to receive complaints and inquire into the allegations of corruption or willful misuse of power by the public servants only. Although, this act has not come into existence, but on bare perusal, it seems to be inadequate and still needs more amendments for efficient outcomes or else the zeal of whistle blowers particularly in a private sector will fade away. The need of exhaustive and complete law is also necessary so that the evils like corruption can be curbed completely and effectively. Originality/value Private sector, if included in the above-mentioned act, would definitely resolve the problem, but on the same hand, it will raise the question of space that needs to be given to private organization. So in concluding remarks, the author would like to suggest that, to improve the organizational quality of private sector, there should be a national legislation which should deal with substantial guidelines that needs to be adopted by private companies. There is a significant need to raise the standard of corporate governance in India, only then it could achieve stability, transparency and growth.

Download Full-text