The syllable boundary in generative phonology

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Marc Picard
Keyword(s):  
Word Boundary ◽  
Phonetic Information ◽  
Syllable Boundary ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Phonological Rule ◽  
Morpheme Boundary ◽  
Phonological Rules

In Natural Generative Phonology (NGP), the only phonological rules are those which describe alternations that take place in environments that can be specified in purely phonetic terms. As indicated by Hooper, these “‘phonetic terms’ refer to phonological features (that have intrinsic phonetic content) and phonological boundaries (that have a necessary and consistent phonetic manifestation)” (1976:14). Any rule which changes phonological features in an environment described in morphosyntactic or lexical terms is not phonological but morphophonemic. Since by definition a phonological rule cannot contain non-phonetic information, this entails, among other things, the exclusion of any boundary that is not determined by phonetic means. In other words, the syllable ($) and the pause (| |) are the only boundaries which can appear in a phonological rule in NGP. The word boundary (# and ##) and the morpheme boundary (+), which are determined by syntactic and semantic means, can only appear in a morphophonemic rule.

scholarly journals Phonological Features of the Amharic Variety of South Wəllo

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baye Yimam
Keyword(s):  
Word Boundary ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
The South ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Linguistic Groups ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
Phonological Rules

This paper examines the phonological features that characterize the Amharic variety spoken in South Wəllo, an area which has been influenced by the diffusion of linguistic and cultural features arising from longstanding contact situations between Semitic and non-Semitic linguistic groups. Data from eight districts of the zone have shown that the South Wəllo variety has 26 consonant and seven vowel phonemes. The consonants are four fewer than that reported of the standard variety. The co-occurrence restrictions of the consonants and the syllable structures are the same as those of the standard variety. However, the phonological rules that operate at morpheme internal, morpheme and word boundary levels are different in the degree of complexity and directionality. These include inter-vocalic lenition of velar stops, word-final weakening of alveo-palatals, coalescence of lowering diphthongs, centering, lowering and fronting of vowels, metathesis of coronals and anteriors, and lexeme specific alternations of homorganic consonants. The description of the facts provides more substantive arguments in favor of the long-held claim that Wəllo constitutes a distinct dialect area.

scholarly journals On the phonological boundary between constituents of modern Icelandic compound words

Linguistica ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janez Orešnik
Keyword(s):  
Word Boundary ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Morpheme Boundary ◽  
Phonological Rules

If the word boundary is posited between constituents of Mod­ ern Icelandic compound words, a number of mutually unrelated phonolog­ ical phenomena are accounted for without any extra machinery (say, in the structure of rules). However, I have not been able to prove that any Modern Icelandic phonological phenomena actually Require the word boundary between constituents of compound words. I could only demonstrate that certain phenomena require SOME boundary between constituents of compound words; if the boundary required in those cases is identified with the morpheme boundary, certain phonological rules of Modern Icelandic have to be complicated in ways which can be avoided when the said boundary is assumed to be a word boundary.

scholarly journals Distinctive Features Analysis of Foreign Language Borrowing Words in Javanese Language Found in Panjebar Semangat Magazine

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Linda Aprillianti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Phonological Rule ◽  
Sound Changes ◽  
Phonological Rules ◽  
Phonological System

The Javanese language belongs to language which has unique phonological system. There are so many foreign language has influenced the development of Javanese. This study is intended to examine the sound change of borrowing word of foreign language in Javanese which is found in Panjebar Semangat magazine. The data is taken from Panjebar and checked using old Javanese dictionary. This study belongs to descriptive qualitative research and used Simak method and Non Participant Observation in collecting the data. The data analysis is done by using Padan method. The result of the study reveals three sound changes of vowels sound and four phonological rules. Then, there are four types of sound change and four phonological rule of consonant sound. The result showed that the sound change of borrowing word in Javanese is influenced by the differences of phonological system between Javanese and the foreign language.

Finnish Verbal Morphophonology and Consonant Gradation

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Cathey ◽  
Deirdre Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Phonological Rule ◽  
Lexical Rules ◽  
Phonological Rules

This paper critically reviews S. J. Keyser and Paul Kiparsky's “Syllable Structure in Finnish Phonology” (1984). We also treat Finnish morphophonemics using a CV-tier analysis, but account for forms that their method fails on. We posit six stem types in the verbal lexicon and derive the forms of all inflections of all types with just twelve morphophonemic rules. After the stems are modified and suffixes (and person/number endings) are attached, a single, general, phonological rule of Consonant Gradation applies postlexically. To develop a general theory from our analysis, we consider restrictions on rules which may alter stems: lexical rules apply to stems before affixation and only to the final segments of stems; only post-lexical phonological rules apply to affixes. We eliminate all morphological conditions on individual rules and extrinsic ordering conditions.

Lexical phonology and sound change: the case of the Scottish vowel length rule

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
April M. S. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Historical Phonology ◽  
Phonological Rule ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Lexical Phonology ◽  
Generative Approach ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Phonological Rules

The key assumption in the standard generative approach to historical linguistics (King, 1969) is that each sound change is incorporated directly into the native speaker's grammar as the final phonological rule, moving up gradually into the grammar as further changes are implemented. Restructuring of underlying representations by later generations during acquisition is theoretically permitted, but infrequently invoked, with the result that the historical phonology of a language will be almost directly mirrored in the order of its phonological rules. The only extractable generalizations are then that the ‘highest’ rules will correspond to the oldest changes, and that a sound change and the rule into which it is converted will tend to be identical or at least show a high degree of similarity in formulation. This approach casts no light at all on the problem of the implementation of sound change.

Rule discovery in phonological acquisition

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc E. Fey ◽  
Jack Gandour
Keyword(s):  
Rule Discovery ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Phonological Acquisition ◽  
Adult Form ◽  
Phonological Rule ◽  
Unique Rule ◽  
Phonological Rules

ABSTRACTMenn has suggested that most early phonological rules have the effect of reducing the variety of the child's phonetic output forms. This proposal is compatible with the Interactionist–Discovery (I–D) theory of phonological acquisition. This paper presents one child's unique phonological rule which increases output variety and yet still yields a mismatch with the adult form. Evidence is presented which indicates that the rule was a stable and productive part of the child's phonology and that it was both phonetically and phonologically motivated. It is argued that an addition to the early strategies described by Menn is needed to account, specifically, for the discovery of this unique rule and, generally, for later stages of phonological development.

Lexical Phonology: lexical and postlexical derivations

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Rubach
Keyword(s):  
Major Task ◽  
Phonological Rule ◽  
Pointed Observation ◽  
Lexical Phonology ◽  
Phonological Rules

Paul Kiparsky's paper (1982) ‘From Cyclic to Lexical Phonology’ is the most interesting recent development in the line of research originated by Kiparsky (1973) and Mascaró (1976). The major task in this research is the investigation of the ways in which rules apply to phonological structures. Kiparsky (1973) makes the very pointed observation that some phonological rules apply exclusively in derived environments. An environment is derived if either (i) or (ii) is true:(i) the structure which is relevant to the application of the rule arises at morpheme boundaries: the environment is thus derived morphologically;(ii) the structure which is relevant to the application of the rule arises in the course of phonological derivation due to the application of an earlier phonological rule: the environment is thus derived phonologically.

scholarly journals Phonetic structures of Paiwan

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
Chun-Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Austronesian Language ◽  
Reference Grammar ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
Prosodic Structures ◽  
Phonological Rules

This study focuses upon a detailed description and analysis of the phonetic structures of Paiwan, an aboriginal language spoken in Taiwan, with around 53,000 speakers, Paiwan, a member of the Austronesian language family, is not typologically related to the other languages such as Mandarin and Taiwanese spoken in its geographically contiguous districts, Earlier work on phonological features of Paiwan (Chang, 1999; Tseng, 2003) sought an account in terms of segments and isolated facts about reduplication and stress, without accounting for the possible roles of phrase-level and sentence-Ievel prosodic structures, Government Teaching Material (1993) listed 25 consonants and 4 vowels, without any description of phonetic features and phonological rules, Chang's (2000) reference grammar included 22 consonants and 4 vowels, with a very brief description of 5 phonological rules on single words, Regional diversity and 25 consonants have been mentioned in Pulaluyan's (2002) teaching material; however, no description of phonological rules was found in his material.  

Nasalisation in English: phonology or phonetics

Phonology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail C. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Interpolation Model ◽  
Phonological Rule ◽  
The Status ◽  
Nasal Consonant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Logical Rules ◽  
Phonological Rules

In English, a number of rules affect the realisation of a nasal consonant or a segment adjacent to a nasal consonant. These include rules of Anticipatory Nasalisation, e.g. bean /bin/ [bĩn]; Coronal Stop Deletion, e.g. kindness /kajndnes/ [kãjnnes]; Nasal Deletion and optionally Glottalisation, e.g. sent /sent/ [set] or [set'] (see Malécot 1960; Selkirk 1972; Kahn 1980 [1976]; Zue & Laferriere 1979). These rules, characterised largely on the basis of impressionistic data, are widely assumed to be phonological rules of English. Yet current views of the relationship between phonology and phonetics make the distinction between phono-logical rules and phonetic ones less automatic than once assumed and a reconsideration of the status of these rules is warranted. In the present article, I use phonetic data from English to investigate these rules. Based on these data, I argue that Anticipatory Nasalisation results from phonetic implementation rather than from a phonological rule, as previously assumed. It is shown that the basic patterns of nasalisation in English can be accounted for straightforwardly within a target-interpolation model. I then investigate the phonological status and phonetic realisation of Nasal Deletion, Coronal Stop Deletion and Glottalisation. The interaction of these rules yields some surprising results, in that glottalised /t/ [t'] is amenable to nasalisation.

’Imalaand rounding in a rural Syrian variety: Morpho-phonological and lexical conditioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-75
Author(s):  
Rania Habib
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Representation ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Initial Syllable ◽  
Phonological Rule ◽  
Final Syllable ◽  
Lexical Phonology ◽  
Morphological Patterns ◽  
Phonological Rules

AbstractThis study investigates two concurrent phenomena—’imalaand rounding — in the Arabic variety spoken in the Syrian village of Oyoun Al-Wadi.‘Imalarefers to the use of [e] and [e:] in place of the urban vowels [a] and [a:] respectively; rounding refers to the use of [o] and [o:] in place of the urban vowels [a] and [a:] respectively. The use of two different vowels for each urban vowel is explained morpho-phonologically. The study economically proposes two phonological rules to account for‘imalaand rounding and shows that only one rule can apply per word, to the final syllable of a word. In light of Lexical Phonology theory, certain morphological patterns and suffixes explain the presence of‘imalain initial syllables and in environments that induce rounding. That is, it is part of the lexical representation of a morphological pattern or suffix in the lexicon. Hence,‘imalacould occur in the initial syllable as part of the morphological pattern, and rounding could occur in the final syllable of the same word as a result of a post-lexical phonological rule.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document