The Role of Nonlinear Pedagogy in Supporting the Design of Modified Games in Junior Sports

Nonlinear Pedagogy has been advocated as an approach that views acquisition of movement skills with a strong emphasis on exploratory behaviors and the development of individualized movement skills. Underpinned by Ecological Dynamics, Nonlinear Pedagogy provides key ideas on design principles to support a teaching and learning approach that accounts for dynamic interactions among constraints in the evolution of movement behaviors. In the context of junior sports, the manipulation of task constraints is central to how games can be re-designed for children to play that are age and body appropriate so that the games can still capture the key elements of representativeness as compared to the adult form of the game. Importantly, these games offer suitable affordances that promote sensible play that could be transferable to other contexts. In this paper, we provide an in-depth discussion on how Nonlinear Pedagogy is relevant in supporting the design and development of modified games in the context of junior sports. Practical implications are also provided to share how games can be modified for meaningful play to emerge.

Fascioliasis: una causa infrecuente de obstrucción de vía biliar. Reporte de un caso

Hepatic fascioliasis is a parasitic disease caused by the fluke Fasciola hepatica. In the chronic phase of the disease, the adult form of the parasite adopts the bile ducts as the ideal environment to develop, causing them to dilate and simulating an obstructive jaundice process. The case of a 48-year-old woman is presented, who was admitted for jaundice, choluria and eight loss. After the corresponding complementary studies had been carried out, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) was performed and an adult Fasciola hepatica parasite was extracted from the biliary tract. Subsequently, anthelmintic treatment with triclabendazole was started, resulting in a favorable evolution and resolution of the condition.

Wordform variability in infants' language environment and its effects on early word learning

We explore wordform variability in a naturalistic environment by looking at wordplay (e.g. ''dog~doggy''), where multiple different wordforms composed of different sounds can be used to pick out the same object in the world. In this chapter, we characterize concrete noun wordplay in speech to 44 infants, looking at both the frequency of wordplay and the ways in which wordplay forms differ from the adult form. We also look at wordform variability wholesale, examining relationships between how many different wordforms exist per lemma in children's language environments. We find that wordplay occurs with a limited number of lemmas that are usually early-learned, highly-frequent, and shorter. We find that wordplay rates by themselves do not predict learning, suggesting that infants who hear a higher proportion of unconventional wordforms do not lag behind as a result. When looking at wordform variability beyond just wordplay, we find that infants who hear more wordforms per lemma also say more words in our recordings. Furthermore, we find that individual words with higher levels of wordform variability are learned earlier than words with fewer wordforms, over and above the effect of frequency.

EQUINOCOCOSIS QUÍSTICA COMO UN PROBLEMA DE SALUD PÚBLICA EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y NUEVOS ENFOQUES PARA SU CONTROL

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by a cestode, Echinococcus granulosus, of the Taeniidae family. The adult form of the tapeworm affects canids, particularly dogs and foxes, while the larva is harbored by sheep, cattle, goats and other mammals.

Genital Filariasis - A Recurred Case of Post Operated Hydrocele

Lymphatic filariasis, commonly termed as elephantiasis has been recorded since ancient Indian, Chinese, Egyptian and Persian writings.1 It is caused by a slender thread like nematode called Wuchereria bancrofti belonging to super family filaroidea.2 It exists in two morphological forms: Adult form and larvae. The adult form has a predilection for intrascrotal lymphatic vessels in hosts; thus hydrocele is one of the most common manifestations of bancroftian filariasis.3 Individuals having circulating microfilaria are outwardly healthy but have the ability to transmit infection to others through mosquito bites (Culex quinquefasciatus) 1 In developing countries like India, occurrence of genital filarial hydrocele is more common in people living in bancroftian endemic areas or in people who were previously operated for eversion of sac. We hereby report a case of hydrocele fluid with microfilaria- an incidental finding on microscopy. Wuchereria bancroti a filarial nematode inhabiting the lymphatics and transmitted through vector - culex mosquito. We hereby present a case of recurrence of genital filariasis. The patient presented with swelling of the left scrotal region with pain of dragging type. On evaluation, eosinophilia was not seen. He had a history of right hydrocele 28 years back. The aspirated hydrocele on direct microscopic examination showed presence of actively motile microfilaria which was confirmed on Giemsa staining. Recurrence is more common in bancroftian filarial endemic areas.

Multiple Adult Xanthogranuloma: A Rare Case Report with Characteristics

Multiple adult xanthogranuloma (MAXG) is an uncommon adult form of xanthogranuloma. The clinical manifestation of MAXG is relatively rare, but it has characteristic histopathological and immunohistochemical features. MAXG is mainly associated with cutaneous damage, and extracutaneous manifestations such as cervical spine, intracardiac, and periocular lesions have rarely been reported. In patients with systemic association, clinicians should pay attention to the possibility of hematological malignancies. We report the case of a 17-year-old man with multiple lesions on the head, face, neck, arms and trunk, along with the clinical manifestations and pathological features.

Effects and Acceptability of an Individualized Home-Based 10-Week Training Program in Adults with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1

Background: Muscle weakness is a cardinal sign of myotonic dystrophy type 1, causing important functional mobility limitations and increasing the risk of falling. As a non-pharmacological, accessible and safe treatment for this population, strength training is an intervention of choice. Objective: To document the effects and acceptability of an individualized semi-supervised home-based exercise program on functional mobility, balance and lower limb strength, and to determine if an assistive training device has a significant impact on outcomes. Methods: This study used a pre-post test design and men with the adult form of DM1 were randomly assigned to the control or device group. The training program was performed three times a week for 10 weeks and included three exercises (sit-to-stand, squat, and alternated lunges). Outcome measures included maximal isometric muscle strength, 10-Meter Walk Test, Mini-BESTest, 30-Second Chair Stand Test and 6-minute walk test. Results: No outcome measures showed a significant difference, except for the strength of the knee flexors muscle group between the two assessments. All participants improved beyond the standard error of measurement in at least two outcome measures. The program and the device were well accepted and all participants reported many perceived improvements at the end of the program. Conclusions: Our results provide encouraging data on the effects and acceptability of a home-based training program for men with the adult form of DM1. These programs would reduce the financial burden on the health system while improving the clinical services offered to this population.

Ceriantharia (Cnidaria) of the World: an annotated catalogue and key to species

The diversity of Ceriantharia is known from studies formally describing species from the late 18th Century onwards. However, no nomenclators including a list and discussion of all valid species have been produced since a list discussed by Carlgren in 1912. The present nomenclator presents a complete list of adult species of Ceriantharia of the World, including a discussion on each species. It includes the three families (Arachnactidae, Botrucnidiferidae, Cerianthidae) and the currently accepted 54 species based on their adult form. This study serves as a presentation of the “state-of-the-art” list of species of Ceriantharia, and includes a species identification key to support taxonomic identification. Additional in-depth species-by-species investigations for almost all cerianthid species is still needed, as the information available for most of these species is quite superficial.