Economics as Ideology: Keynes, Laski, Hayek, and the Creation of Contemporary Politics

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
Laurent Dobuzinskis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Economic Thinking ◽  
The Way

Economics as Ideology: Keynes, Laski, Hayek, and the Creation of Contemporary Politics, Kenneth R. Hoover, Rowman and Littlefield, 2003, pp. xv, 329.Although it was published two years ago, this book remains relevant to many contemporary debates about the optimal relationship between market and state institutions, especially if we want to set these debates within a historical context. To provide an account of the development of economic thinking in the twentieth century, Hoover carefully examines the lives, personalities and writings of three emblematic thinkers: Harold Laski, John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich A. Hayek. The title is somewhat misleading in the sense that it refers to a particular meaning of the term “ideology” that may not be shared by all those who come across this book, but the author justifies it by explaining that he takes ideology to mean a set of a priori contestable propositions that are posed as being unchallengeable or, in other words, have been “decontested.” Thus the question he is interested in is: “Why did these thinkers decontest ideas about government and the market in the way they did?” (4).

Understanding the Properties of “Numbers”

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Katz ◽  
Karen Hunger Parshall
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Algebraic Systems ◽  
Modern Algebra ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Way

This chapter looks at how mathematicians sought to understand the properties of “numbers” and in doing so pave the way for modern algebra. As mathematicians in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries struggled to understand what Fermat's alleged proof of his so-called “last theorem” might have been, they, as well as others motivated by issues other than Fermat's work, eventually came to extend the notion of “number.” And, they did this in much the same spirit that Évariste Galois had extended that of “domain of rationality” or field, that is, through the creation and analysis of whole new types of algebraic systems. This freedom to create and explore new systems—and new algebraic constructs like the determinants and matrices that were encountered in the previous chapter—became one of the hallmarks of the modern algebra that developed into the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Reading Texts on The Violence of God in The Bible

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Gregorius Tri Wardoyo
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
New Creation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Way ◽  
Reading Texts

<p><em>Violent texts in the bible</em><em> both in the Old Testament or in the New Testament</em><em>, especially in the Old Testament, arise a problem</em><em> for a potential reader</em><em> on how to read </em><em>and understand their message and the theology of the author of the Book.</em><em> </em><em>For this reason, b</em><em>iblical scholars try to read it and they propose the way to read such texts</em><em>, such as to read them in the historical context of the Book itself, and interpret them as a reflection of the author and their experience</em><em>. This article tries to propose another way to read violent texts, in particularly that involve God as author of violent deeds. The methode of this discussion is exegetical analysis on the texts of the Old Testament</em><em>, especially on those which narrate the violent deeds of God </em><em>. The result of the study is the violent deeds of God aim to recreate the creation; that is why such violent texts might be read in the frame of the new creation.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words</em></strong><em>: </em>Alkitab, Keluaran, Kekerasan, Allah, Penciptaan (Baru)</p>

scholarly journals An Electronic Сatalogue of Slobozhanshchina Icons of the Late 18th – Early 20th Centuries: Prerequisites for Creation, Purposes, Functions

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
И.В. Краснова
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
The Way

В статье обосновывается необходимость создания виртуального каталога слобожанских икон и ставится цель разработки основных характеристик проектируемой электронной коллекции. Проведен анализ документальных источников, использованы результаты исследований российских и украинских ученых. Исследована история музеев Слободской Украины, собиравших произведения иконописи, изучено влияние событий ХХ в. на иконописное наследие Слобожанщины, которое вследствие атеистической кампании 1930-х гг. и действий оккупантов в период Великой Отечественной войны утратило единство и оказалось раздробленным между многочисленными музейными и частными коллекциями. Данный фактор, а также несомненная уникальность региональной иконописной традиции стали предпосылками к разработке концепции электронного каталога, который призван объединить все сохранившиеся на сегодняшний день произведения слобожанской иконописи. The article substantiates the need to create a virtual catalogue of Slobozhanshchina (Sloboda Ukraine) icons and sets the aim of developing the main characteristics of the projected electronic collection. Based on the use of systemic-historical and historical-genetic methods, documentary sources were analysed, the results of research of Russian and Ukrainian historians and culture scientists were studied. The history of museums in Sloboda Ukraine, which collected works of icon painting, is considered; special attention is paid to the Historical and Church Museum. Until the revolutionary events of 1917, this museum’s collections were constantly replenished with new exhibits. The history of the creation of the Museum of Ukrainian Art and the Central Art and History Museum named after Gregory Skovoroda (Museum of Sloboda Ukraine) is analysed. The influence of the events of the twentieth century on the icon-painting heritage of Sloboda Ukraine is considered. This heritage, as a result of the atheistic campaign of the 1930s and the actions of the occupiers during the Great Patriotic War, lost unity and was fragmented between numerous museum and private collections. The consequences of the German fascist invaders’ plunder of the museums of Sloboda Ukraine were especially grave: hundreds of thousands of exhibits were destroyed or taken out of the country. The fact of huge and often irreparable losses in the cultural heritage of Sloboda Ukraine by the middle of the twentieth century is stated. At present, the museums of Sloboda Ukraine have already collected a significant part of icon-painting works (about 500), but this number is not comparable with the richest heritage of Sloboda Ukraine of the beginning of the twentieth century. The author emphasises that a certain number of Slobozhanshchina icons continue to remain in churches and private collections in both Ukraine and Russia. Information about icons received from individuals is insufficient for attribution and museum documentation compilation, so many of the icons have not yet been fully introduced into museum circulation. The way out of this situation, according to the author, is to create an electronic catalogue of Slobozhanshchina icons, which will be a database of icon-painting works from museum and private collections with texts and images. The concept of the electronic catalogue has been developed. The catalogue is designed to unite all the works of Slobozhanshchina icon painting that have survived to date.

Liberalism and the Welfare State in Britain, 1890–1945

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger E. Backhouse ◽  
Bradley W. Bateman ◽  
Tamotsu Nishizawa
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
World War ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Welfare State

This chapter establishes that the British welfare state was the creation of Liberals as much as socialists. By the early twentieth century, the “New Liberalism” was moving the Liberal Party away from Gladstonian Liberalism, and the Asquith government took major steps toward a welfare state before World War I. The economists arguing for the welfare state included many Liberals, notably Alfred Marshall, J. A. Hobson, A. C. Pigou, William Beveridge, and John Maynard Keynes. British Liberalism was varied, and influential strands within it were strongly supportive of the welfare state. Beveridge and Keynes, in particular, were responsible for much of the intellectual architecture of the welfare state as it was implemented by the first postwar Labour government of Clement Attlee.

Economics in Perspective

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kenneth Galbraith ◽  
Richard Parker
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This book presents a compelling and accessible history of economic ideas, from Aristotle through the twentieth century. Examining theories of the past that have a continuing modern resonance, the book shows that economics is not a timeless, objective science, but is continually evolving as it is shaped by specific times and places. From Adam Smith's theories during the Industrial Revolution to those of John Maynard Keynes after the Great Depression, the book demonstrates that if economic ideas are to remain relevant, they must continually adapt to the world they inhabit. A lively examination of economic thought in historical context, the book shows how the field has evolved across the centuries.

Leibniz’s Formal Theory of Contingency

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-43
Author(s):  
Jeffrey McDonough ◽  
Zeynep Soysal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
The Third ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Way

This essay argues that, with his much-maligned “infinite analysis” theory of contingency, Leibniz is onto something deep and important – a tangle of issues that wouldn’t be sorted out properly for centuries to come, and then only by some of the greatest minds of the twentieth century. The first two sections place Leibniz’s theory in its proper historical context and draw a distinction between Leibniz’s logical and meta-logical discoveries. The third section argues that Leibniz’s logical insights initially make his “infinite analysis” theory of contingency more rather than less perplexing. The last two sections argue that Leibniz’s meta-logical insights, however, point the way towards a better appreciation of (what we should regard as) his formal theory of contingency, and its correlative, his formal theory of necessity.

Periodical codes and translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şehnaz Tahir Gürçağlar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Periodical Studies ◽  
Translation Research ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article discusses the relevance of periodical codes, an analytical framework that has been developing in the nascent field of periodical studies, for translation research. It explores how using periodical codes as heuristic tools can be instrumental in shedding light on the role of translation in the making of a magazine’s common habitus in a historical context. It presents a case study on the Turkish literary and cultural magazine Varlık, which began publication in 1933 and is still in existence. It offers a quantitative and qualitative analysis on the position of translation in the magazine, highlighting the way it contributed to the creation of particular forms of internal and external dialogics. Special emphasis is placed on compositional and social codes of Varlık and the way translation has been instrumental in shaping both.

Lucien Bailly (1871–1940): An eccentric troublemaker and a real precursor. A short story of shareholders’ activism in France at the beginning of the twentieth century

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-535
Author(s):  
Christine Fournès
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Proxy Fights ◽  
The Way

The article highlights the role of an eccentric troublemaker at the beginning of the twentieth century – Lucien Bailly. The Pont-à-Mousson company’s archives, one of the major joint stock companies in the mining industry at that time, provide a wealth of information about this very interesting character. It is argued that Lucien Bailly paved the way for present-day activism. While the nature of shareholder-activists is far different today, there is a similar dichotomy between private and public or cooperative and hostile actions. This is the true legacy of Lucien Bailly. He was also the pioneer of proxy fights with the creation of the first association defending minority shareholders and the precursor of social activism.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Colesworthy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Women Writers ◽  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
World War ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Way

The introduction establishes a broad historical context for the project, demonstrating the centrality of ideas about gift-giving to a number of fields and discourses following World War I. Within this context, Marcel Mauss’s classic 1925 essay, The Gift, is not unique in its topic but rather in capturing and articulating a sense shared by a wide range of thinkers and authors in the interwar period that a traditional ideological separation of gifts and exchanges was beginning to break down. The book’s focus on the way women writers in particular responded to and worked to represent this crisis is also explained. Notably, modernist writing by men—Baudelaire, Eliot, Pound—has already been central to gift theory. Shifting attention to writing by women, who have historically been treated in theory and in practice as the “supreme gift,” opens up an alternative twentieth-century genealogy of theorizing the gift.

Transnational Television Programs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dal Yong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Korean Wave ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Way

This chapter documents recent developments characterizing the New Korean Wave in the realm of the broadcasting sector. It discusses television Hallyu as both transnational cultural production and transnational cultural flow. Admitting the continuing importance of dramas in the Korean Wave, it analyzes the growth of global formats, including audience competition shows, in order to understand the major characteristics of local formats in tandem with hybridity. In the realm of drama, it examines the change from ready-made dramas to format dramas in the New Korean Wave era. Then it investigates the ways in which Koreans consume the image of Hallyu and the way it is represented in Korean audition programs. Unlike the case during the early 2000s, the New Korean Wave has been heavily influenced by transnational participation and audiences. By employing a textual analysis of a few television programs within a historical context, the chapter also maps out whether localized global formats guarantee the creation of new cultural spaces.

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