On Health and Economic Development: Some Problems, Methods, and Conclusions Reviewed in a Perusal of the Literature

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Health And Economic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Work Done

Interest in the consequences for economic activity of the development of disease, preventive medicine, and of other public health problems is not exactly new. Professor Sigerist, in many ways the doyen of the subject, summarized our background quite well in 1941. “We are”, he wrote, “often inclined to believe that the economic approach to medical problems is new, that we inaugurated it. This is not the case …. Max von Pettenkofer in Munich, reasoned very much along the same lines as we do today” [18:2]. Thus, I have precedent for citing work done in this very city as the logical place to start my discussion. One could, as indeed Sigerist himself did, argue that von Pettenkofer (upon whose work I shall base this analysis) wrote with the knowledge of earlier writers like Chadwick, Simon, Snow, and Budd. But, I am inclined to accept Sigerist's assessment of von Pettenkofer's importance and use his two public lectures as the springboard from which to launch my discussion.

scholarly journals Decreasing Trend of Plasmodium Falciparum and Vivax Transmission in Mojo Health Center, East Shoa Oromia Region, Ethiopia: a Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andargie Abate ◽  
Lemu Golassa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Contextual Diversity ◽  
Health And Economic Development

Abstract Introduction: Malaria continues to strike hardest against the public health and economic development in Ethiopia. Its transmission tends to be highly heterogeneous within or between years, and from area to area which need understanding of the contextual diversity of malaria prevalence within each site to deliver optimal intervention according to the site specific situation of the disease. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the trend prevalence of malaria in Mojo health center, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Mojo health center, East Shoa zone, Ethiopia from February to March, 2021. Malaria cases and related data reported 2016-2020 were carefully reviewed from laboratory registration logbooks. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 25 software.Results: A total of 19, 106 blood films were examined from malaria suspected patients. The overall microscopically confirmed prevalence of malaria was 4.2%. P. vivax was the predominant species accounting 76.2% of positive samples. Malaria cases declined from 259 in 2016 to 77 in 2020. The proportion of malaria was higher among males (64.8%) than females (35.2%) in all five years. Higher malaria cases was observed from the age group 15-24 years old followed by the age group of 25-34. Malaria cases were at a peak level from September-November and lowest from December-February.Conclusion: Although the declining trend of malaria prevalence was observed, malaria still remains a public health burden in the area. The high burden of malaria among reproductive age group, males, and during cultivation season reflects its impact on health and economic development. Shifting of P. falciparum to P.vivax related malaria should get an attention during prevention and control strategies for the successful progress of malaria elimination programme.

“Dirt, death and disease”

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole O’Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

This study makes use of a range of local and national British newspapers and periodicals to examine the discourses of public health during the nineteenth century. It argues that many newspapers and periodicals used a very limited and limiting discourse to present often complex details to their readership. There was a heavy reliance on the use of established experts whose language was allowed to define the journalistic coverage of the subject with the result that other voices were marginalised or unheard altogether. Certain minority groups such as the Irish and women were stigmatised and blamed for the increase in public health problems. All of this combined to constrain the reporting of this crucial issue. The impact of an increasingly competitive print media environment also propelled this form of journalism towards extremes of language and of emphasis, resulting in an even more limited discourse.

scholarly journals Advocating migrant and minority health in Bulgaria through an innovative education subject

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kamburova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Minority Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Abstract Introduction Migrants and ethnic minorities often face serious inequities concerning their access to good quality health services. The Statement by the European Public Health Association on migration, ethnicity and health addresses the need of supporting public health policy makers by providing education courses. The objectives of the teaching course “Migrant and minority health”, established in Medical University-Pleven in Bulgaria as optional additional subject, is to extend the specific knowledge of students (bachelors and masters of public health) and to develop competencies and skills of future public health practitioners and policy makers. Results The unique for Bulgaria course consists of 15 academic hours of the curriculum and ends with an electronically based test. Teaching methods include lectures, seminars and individual practical assignment and stresses on practice rather than theory. The training advocates migrant and minority health by presenting: the most important migrant’s social and health problems; impact of migrants’ health status on public health; the organization of healthcare in the recipient countries of migrants. The lecture course provides information for the main challenges facing healthcare professionals and the health system regarding the health of the migrants and main minorities groups, in particular the Roma as a predominantly ethnic minority in Bulgaria and Europe. The result of exam until now is good in 42.8% of students, very good in 14.2% and excellent in 42.8%. The curse enable public health professionals to acquire knowledge regarding to the international situation, critical assessment skills and the ability to implement appropriate strategies to address specific health problems. Conclusions The training meets the needs of in-depth knowledge of public health specialists in relation to the medical and social problems of migrants and minorities in Bulgaria. The positive experience gives ground to include it as part of basic curricula. Key messages The subject “Migrant and minority health” enhances student’s competencies as public health practitioners. Knowledge and skills are relevant to the EUPHA Statement on migration, ethnicity and health. By the subject “Migrant and minority health” public health practitioners may work to establish friendly health system with good quality of health services for migrants and Roma population in Bulgaria.

scholarly journals Decreasing malaria transmission in Mojo Health Center, Ethiopia: Shifting burden of the disease and its implication for malaria elimination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andargie Abate ◽  
Lemu Golassa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Health And Economic Development

Abstract IntroductionMalaria continues to strike hardest against the public health and economic development in Ethiopia. Its transmission tends to be highly heterogeneous within or between years, and from area to area. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the trend prevalence of malaria in Mojo health center, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in Mojo health center, East Shoa zone, Ethiopia from February to March, 2021. Malaria cases and related data reported between 2016 and2020 were carefully reviewed from laboratory registration logbooks. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 25 software.ResultsA total of 19, 106 blood films were examined from malaria suspected patients. The overall microscopically confirmed prevalence of malaria was 4.2%. P. vivax was the predominant species accounting 76.2% of positive samples. Malaria cases declined from 259 in 2016 to 77 in 2020. The proportion of malaria was higher among males (64.8%) than females (35.2%). Higher malaria cases were observed from the age group 15–24 years followed by the age group of 25–34. Malaria cases were at a peak level from September-November and lowest from December-February.ConclusionDespite declining trend of malaria prevalence was observed, malaria still remains a public health burden in the area. The high burden of malaria among reproductive age group, males, and during cultivation season reflects its impact on health and economic development. Shifting of P. falciparum to P.vivax related malaria should get an attention during prevention and control strategies for the successful progress of malaria elimination programme.

scholarly journals Cooperative in the modern economic environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Mirjana Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cooperative Association

The purpose of this paper is to point out the importance of the cooperative as an economic entity, through representation of modern trends of cooperative association in Europe and beyond. Through their association, cooperative development covers key connecting factors of individuals, while finding models for reducing the differences between cooperatives as economic entities and companies for the benefit of companies. The subject of research in the paper represents an analytics of cooperatives and the need for new legal solutions, which would support the development of cooperatives as independent economic entities in the future. The key hypothesis the paper starts with is that cooperative association is of great importance in dealing with many economic, market and sociological challenges, which is of special significance for the economic development of our country. The previous legal solutions of the cooperative association, in addition to positive changes, have not given expected results so far. In the conclusion, it is pointed out that legally regulated area of cooperatives as specific economic subjects is the foundation of development of their economic activity. Based on the critical illumination of the cooperative legislation, recommendations are given for its improvement, while taking into account the ever-present needs for improving the business of cooperatives and their convergence with the business of other economic entities.

scholarly journals Streptococci and Leucocytes in Milk. I

1906 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Work Done

The undoubted fact that milk may act as a vehicle for the transmission of a number of diseases has directed considerable attention to the Bacteriological and Public Health aspects of milk. Yet it cannot be said, tuberculosis excepted, that the bacteriological examination of milk has afforded in the past much assistance in the prevention of disease, while only very occasionally has a subsequent examination served to elucidate the cause and origin of a milk-spread epidemic. A survey of the literature of the subject will show that although extensive work has been carried out upon the bacteriology of milk, the subject is so large and many-sided that what is known is but an insignificant proportion of what requires to be ascertained. A great deal of the work done has been in relation to tuberculosis. Almost all the milk examinations have been carried out with mixed milk samples, and not with quite fresh milk from individual cows.

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