“The Snares of Reason“—Changing Mennonite Attitudes to “Knowledge“ in Nineteenth-Century Russia

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Urry
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Educational System ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Southern Russia

During the early 1830s Russian officials drew up plans to reform the educational system of foreign colonists in southern Russia. The colonies of Mennonites there welcomed the proposals as evidence of official interest in plans already formulated by leading Mennonites. In certain quarters, however, educational reform met fierce resistance. Around 1833, Heinrich Balzer, a Lehrer of the Kleine Gemeinde, a small schismatic group in the Mennonite colony at Molochnaia, wrote a number of tracts warning fellow brethren and the other colony Aeltesten of the dangers of close involvement with the “world”, particularly through educational reform. One pamphlet was concerned with the categories of “understanding and reason” (Verstand und Vernuft).

scholarly journals CAMBIO DE LAS CONCEPCIONES DEL FUTURO PROFESORADO DE PRIMARIA ACERCA DE LAS IDEAS DE LOS ALUMNOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Escrivà-Colomar
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning ◽  
The World ◽  
Curricular Elements ◽  
Futuros Maestros ◽  
Level Of Agreement ◽  
Teacher Centered

Resumen:La formación del profesorado es un elemento clave en la mejora de cualquier sistema educativo y, consecuentemente, analizar qué aprenden los futuros maestros y maestras al trabajar propuestas educativas específicas es sumamente importante para ajustar programas formativos ya existentes y/o crear nuevos más adaptados. Por ello, en esta investigación tratamos de indagar qué aprende el futuro profesorado de 2º curso del Grado de Maestro de primaria acerca de las ideas de los alumnos sobre el mundo, y lo hacemos a través de los resultados obtenidos en un cuestionario tipo Likert implementado al iniciar y al acabar una propuesta formativa de corte socioconstructivista, diseñada específicamente para trabajar los distintos elemento curriculares a través de problemas prácticos profesionales y prácticas innovadoras. Los resultados indican que el profesorado en formación empieza el curso manifestando acuerdo hacia concepciones de las ideas de los alumnos sobre el mundo propias de un modelo de aprendizaje por investigación, pero en cambio mantiene ciertas dudas en cuanto al rechazo de proposiciones menos constructivistas, como las propias de un modelo centrado en el profesor; sin embargo al acabar el curso aparecen cambios que muestran como el grado de acuerdo con modelos alternativos sigue aumentando, mientras que el grado de desacuerdo con modelos centrados en el profesor también aumenta, despareciendo algunas de las dudas que presentaban al principio. Abstract:Teacher training is a key element for improving any educational system. Therefore, analyzing what future teachers learn when participating in specific educational proposals is extremely important in order to adjust existing training programs and/or create new more adapted ones.In this study we try to investigate which conceptions preservice teachers have regarding students' ideas about the world through the results of a Likert questionnaire. This was implemented at the beginning and at the end of a socioconstructivist training proposal and was designed specifically to learn about different curricular elements through practical professional problems and innovative practices. Our results indicate that, at the beginning of the course, preservice teachers agree with those conceptions of misconceptions that are close to an inquiry based learning model, however they don’t reject absolutely less constructivist propositions that are close to a teacher-centered model. On the other side, at the end of the course these conceptions change; we have found an increase in the level of agreement with alternative models, while the level of disagreement with a teacher-centered model keep declining, vanishing some of the doubts preservice teachers had at the beginning of the course.

L'ENFANT ET LE TYRAN:“LA MARSEILLAISE” AND THE BIRTH OF MELODRAMA

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-57
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wise
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Whether through its association with 1789 or 1830, with the German labor movement of the nineteenth century, or the fight against fascism in the twentieth, the stirring sound of the national anthem of France is familiar to us all.1(And film buffs everywhere have a powerful image of this last association thanks to the unforgettable depiction of the song inCasablanca.) Less well known is that this famous song, though feared during the 1790s as the terrorist “chant” of the guillotine,2also provided René-Charles Guilbert de Pixérécourt with the ingredients, and a ready-made dramaturgical recipe, for inventing a new theatrical genre.3With its simple division of the world into vulnerable, imperiledenfantson the one hand, and powerful, plottingtyranson the other, and its demand that the latter be killed, “La Marseillaise” may well have helped to stoke the fire of the Terror and certainly helped legitimize its violence. But in terms of its plot, characters, and politicomoral thought, even in terms of its diction and spectacle,4“La Marseillaise” also laid down the dramaturgical rules for playwriting in revolutionary Paris, showing the father of melodrama how to make for the happiness of theenfants de la patrie—those in the audience and those on the stage.

THE UNIFICATION OF THE GLOBE BY DISEASE? THE INTERNATIONAL SANITARY CONFERENCES ON CHOLERA, 1851–1894

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALESKA HUBER
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Semipermeable Membranes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light

This article analyses the proceedings of eight International Sanitary Conferences which were convened between 1851 and 1894 to address the danger that cholera epidemics posed to Europe. These conferences are examined in the context of the intellectual and institutional changes in scientific medicine and in the light of the changing structure of internationalist endeavours that took place in the second half of the nineteenth century. The article shows that the International Sanitary Conferences were as much spaces of co-operation as they were arenas where differences and boundaries between disciplines, nations, and cultures were defined. Furthermore, it seeks to shed light on a broader tension of the period. On the one hand, the fact that the world was growing together to an unprecedented extent due to new means of transportation enabled Europeans to establish and expand profitable commercial and colonial relations. On the other hand, this development increased the vulnerability of Europe – for example to the importation of diseases. The perception that the world was becoming increasingly interconnected was thus coupled with the need for controllable boundaries. The conferences attempted to find solutions as to how borders could be secured without resorting to traditional barriers; like semipermeable membranes they should be open for some kinds of communication but closed for others.

scholarly journals Translation, Interpretation, and Common Meaning: Victoria Welby’s Significal Perspective1

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Petrilli
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Human World ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
The One

Abstract As she worked through the nineteenth century Victoria Welby elaborated a fascinating theory of translation based on her theory of sign and meaning, which she designated with the term significs. This means to say that, on the one hand, Welby’s theory of translation took account of the vastness and variety of the world of signs, therefore of the unbounded nature of translative-interpretive processes which cannot be limited to the mere transition from one language to another. The condition for interlingual translation in the human world is the larger context where translative processes converge with life processes and maybe push beyond in what would seem to be an unbounded cosmic dimension. On the other hand, that Welby should have related her translation theory to her theory of sign and meaning also implies that she founded her translation theory in a theory of value recognizing the inevitable importance of the latter when translating within a single language as much as across different languages in a plurilingual and intercultural world. Ultimately, in the properly human world, to translate means to interpret, that is, to translate transfiguring and transvaluating significance.

scholarly journals The Painter and the Princess: Constructing Feminism/Decentring Orientalism between Copenhagen, Istanbul, Cairo and Tunis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-71
Author(s):  
Ragnhild Johnsrud Zorgati
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Literature And Politics ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The World ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This article explores the encounters between a Polish-Danish painter and an Egyptian princess in the second part of the nineteenth century, at the junction of Orientalism, modernism and Islamic reformism. The painter Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann is known for her Orientalist paintings and autobiographical writings, while Princess Nazli Fadhel was a hostess of influential intellectual salons in Cairo and Tunis and, as such, a contributor to the world of art, literature and politics. Jerichau-Baumann and Nazli Fadhel were both creative and controversial personalities engaged in the cultural and political debates of their time. They were outspoken and well-travelled, which challenged conventional gender roles. Based on Scandinavian, English, French and Arabic sources concerning Jerichau-Baumann and Nazli Fadhel's lives, this article argues that the activities of these two women are testament to the increasing international importance of feminist discourses in the late nineteenth century. Their encounter is emblematic of the rapidly expanding connections across cultural, linguistic, and religious boundaries that characterized the nineteenth-century world. It thus questions the binary constructions – the idea of the West/Europe and the Other – underlying the paradigm of Orientalism.

scholarly journals Aquella Carta a una profesora (aquí maestra) cumple 50 años

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
José Luís Corzo
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Spanish Educational System

Resumen:El artículo insiste en el enorme valor pedagógico de aquella carta escrita colectivamente por chicos de montaña con su maestro Lorenzo Milani. Tiene tres apartados: el primero, contextualiza adecuadamente la lectura de la Carta y da cuenta de sus destinatarios y autores reales, del porqué se tradujo a una maestra y no a una profesora, de las dificultades de su traducción y de su recepción en Italia y España. El segundo, señala los rasgos más característicos de la pedagogía de don Milani, con un énfasis especial en la distinción entre la instrucción/aprendizaje y la educación como desarrollo personal. Así como en la relevancia de las relaciones – y el amor - con el mundo, con los otros y el Otro. Finalmente, se exponen de forma sintética algunas de las principales aportaciones de la pedagogía milaniana y de la Carta a una maestra al sistema educativo español actual. Abstract:This paper proclaims the great pedagogical value of that letter collectively written by a few boys from the mountains with their teacher, Lorenzo Milani. The article has three sections: the first one, where the Letter is properly contextualized and its authors as well as whose main audience is clarified. It also explains the reasons behind the translation of the title into Spanish, and how it was received in both Italy and Spain. The second section focuses on the main features of the pedagogy of Mr. Milani, emphasizing particularly the difference between instruction/learning and education as personal development. It also deals with the relevance of relations -love- with the world, with the others and with the Other. The article concludes by sintetizing some of the main contributions of the milanian pedagogy and of the „Letter to a Teacher‟ to the current Spanish educational system.

Diplomacy of Contempt: The French Consuls and the Mandarins in Nineteenth-Century China

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Israeli
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Up

In the process of opening up China, the French representatives, like their other Western counterparts, came into contact with the Chinese mandarins who represented a culture and world view that were almost totally foreign to them. Part of the daunting task of preservin their country's glory and pursuing its interests, was to try and comprehend the world they were attempting to engage. They arrived in China with an intellectual luggage replete with stereotypes and misconceptions about the Chinese, on the one hand, and on the other hand they were committed to their mission civilisatrice in China which was to help the Chinese save themselves from themselves.

scholarly journals Nineteenth century Middle East through photographs : examining two photographic albums

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghorbankarimi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

This thesis examines and compares two nineteenth-century photographic albums of travels in the Middle East from the collection of George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film. The first album, compiled of amateur photographs, illustrates a trip up the Nile River from Egypt to Nubia. The other album is composed of commercial photographs depicting a journey from the Mediterranean to Algeria, with focus on the Holy Land. The commercial photographs are idealized and posed, while the amateur photographs are fresh, realistic, and capture the world as it is. However, these two albums both portray the Middle East as uncivilized, culturally backward, and frozen in antiquity and its people are depicted as primitive and or sexual objects. This misrepresentation is the result of the preconceived notions of the nineteenth-century Middle East created by Orientalist scholars.

scholarly journals Nineteenth century Middle East through photographs : examining two photographic albums

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghorbankarimi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

This thesis examines and compares two nineteenth-century photographic albums of travels in the Middle East from the collection of George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film. The first album, compiled of amateur photographs, illustrates a trip up the Nile River from Egypt to Nubia. The other album is composed of commercial photographs depicting a journey from the Mediterranean to Algeria, with focus on the Holy Land. The commercial photographs are idealized and posed, while the amateur photographs are fresh, realistic, and capture the world as it is. However, these two albums both portray the Middle East as uncivilized, culturally backward, and frozen in antiquity and its people are depicted as primitive and or sexual objects. This misrepresentation is the result of the preconceived notions of the nineteenth-century Middle East created by Orientalist scholars.

Locke Among the Radicals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Layman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Henry George ◽  
Property Theory ◽  
Redistributive Taxation ◽  
The World ◽  
Past Injustices ◽  
Negative Sense

During the nineteenth century, the Lockean radicals—Thomas Hodgskin, Lysander Spooner, John Bray, and Henry George—picked up the loose ends of Locke’s property theory and wove them into two competing strands. Each strand addressed problems of liberty and equality that were emerging with industrial capitalism, but each did so in a different way. In one camp, Hodgskin and Spooner—the libertarian radicals—argued that the world of resources is common to all people only in the negative sense of being originally unowned by anyone. According to them, there are no just grounds for state redistribution except to correct past injustices, and governments are typically little more than thieving and oppressive gangs. In the other camp, Bray and George—the egalitarian radicals—held that all people have a positive claim to share equally in the world’s resources. According to them, states should ensure, through redistributive taxation and other progressive policies, that our institutions respect this common right. Locke Among the Radicals tells the forgotten story of the Lockean radicals and the role they played in addressing problems latent in Locke’s theory. In addition, it argues that some of the radicals’ insights can provide a blueprint for a form of liberal distributive justice that is applicable today.

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