Condorcet et la question de l'égalité

Dialogue ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-692
Author(s):  
Charles Coutel
Keyword(s):  
The Republic ◽  
Public Instruction

AbstractThis paper intends to focus on Condorcet's approach to the Principle of Equality. Condorcet, in effect, strenuously strives to counter the risks of equalitarianism, such as élitism. According to him, it is in the interest of the Republic and of public instruction to favour the diversity of talents and the spreading of enlightenment, since, in the end, it will benefit all citizens.

Republican instruction: an elusive ideal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
School Administrators ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
National Convention ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
Public Instruction ◽  
Constitutional Monarchy

The collapse of the constitutional monarchy and the establishment of the French Republic presented a deep fissure in the history of the Revolution and, with that, in the ambitions and expectations of revolutionary pedagogy. And yet, a close examination of the republican debates over education, and especially of the practical reform efforts undertaken by the National Convention and by local authorities and school administrators, suggests important continuities across the monarchy-republic divide. These attempts to preserve, reform, and reimagine educational institutions during the first years of the Republic suggest that the pursuit of public instruction, of contestatory politics, of critical and contributive citizenship, and of an engaged and educated citizenry was more sustained, more ambitious, and more nuanced than is often recognized. These points are highlighted in a re-examination of how the revolutionaries sought to use particular pedagogical instruments, such as republican catechisms, political festivals, revolutionary songs, and the like, and of their continued attempts to make the educational institutions inherited from the Ancien Régime work for the new Republic.

scholarly journals “Acusamos o recebimento do vosso ofício”: o Conselho de Intendência do Serro e a intrução pública da República, de 1890 a 1892 / "We accept the receipt of your office": the Serro Intendance Council and the public instruction of the Republic, 1890 to 1892

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Danilo Arnaldo Briskievicz
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
New Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Benjamin Constant ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republican Education ◽  
Public Instruction

Analisamos a conjuntura de criação e funcionamento do Conselho de Intendência do Serro no período de 23 de janeiro de 1890 a 07 de março de 1892, em especial sua Inspeção Municipal, responsável pelo novo projeto modernizador da instrução pública no município-sede e seus distritos. Discutimos a respeito dos conflitos inerentes ao novo projeto de instrução pública considerando quatro pontos: o primeiro é como o ideário positivista da modernização da instrução pública se manifestou; o segundo é como a imensidade geográfica do município e de seus distritos afetou o projeto renovador; o terceiro é como o funcionamento burocrático através de documentos se dava no contexto (impactado pelas reformas de Leôncio de Carvalho, de 1879 e de Benjamin Constant, iniciada em 1890) e o quarto é o embate republicano na imprensa serrana. A metodologia utilizada é a de pesquisa documental das fontes primárias do Conselho de Intendência do Arquivo de Câmara do IPHAN Serro, bem como de fontes primárias e secundárias da história do Serro, de Minas Gerais e do Brasil, como leis, decretos, portarias, recibos de obras e livros, além de fontes secundárias de autores ligados à história da educação imperial e republicana para ampliação conceitual do contexto pesquisado. Espera-se como resultado oferecer uma contribuição para a história da educação no Brasil republicano. * * *We analyze the creation and functioning of the Serro Council Intendance of from January 23, 1890 to March 7, 1892, in particular its Municipal Inspection, responsible for the new modernization project of public education in the city and its districts. We discussed the conflicts inherent in the new public education project considering four points: the first is how the positivist ideology of the modernization of public instruction manifested itself; the second is how the geographical immensity of the municipality and its districts affected the renovating project; the third is how the bureaucratic operation through documents occurred in the context (impacted by the reforms of Leôncio de Carvalho, 1879 and Benjamin Constant, begun in 1890) and the fourth is the republican clash in the mountain press. The methodology used is documentary research of the primary sources of the Council of Intendance of the Chamber Archive of IPHAN Serro, as well as primary and secondary sources in the history of Serro, Minas Gerais and Brazil, such as laws, decrees, ordinances, receipts works and books, as well as secondary sources of authors related to the history of imperial and republican education for conceptual extension of the researched context. As a result, it is expected to contribute to the history of education in republican Brazil.

The International Congress on Philosophy

Philosophy ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Leslie J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
International Congress ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
University Buildings ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Public Instruction ◽  
The City

Its broad, winding river, crossed by a multitude of bridges; its surrounding hills, amongst which stands conspicuous the long line of the Hradcine, topped by a continuous stretch of stately buildings with the cathedral of St. Vitus towering above them; the wide expanse of its numerous streets, over which rise the spires of many churches, ancient towers, and the lofty walls of numerous municipal and university buildings; the long history to which its architecture bears everywhere striking witness and of which its inhabitants are justly proud, rendered the city of Prague a no less fitting background for the eighth philosophical Congress than that which Oxford provided four years ago for the seventh. Nor was the hospitality which Czechoslovakia offered to its members a whit less cordial or less generous than that of England. The delegates who gathered together from all parts of Europe, from America, China, and from Japan, were welcomed both by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Dr. Beneš by the Minister of Public Instruction, Dr. Krčmář, by the Mayor of Prague; and, were it not for his unfortunate illness, would have been received by the President of the Republic himself. The Společenský club was placed at their disposal. They were entertained at the Foreign Office to tea, and at the palace of the President to supper by his daughter, Dr. Alice Masaryk. Their railway fares and even their tram fares were considerably reduced. On Thursday they were conveyed by motor-cars to Konopišté, a beautiful castle, soaring above pine forests and overlooking an extensive lake, formerly the residence of the Archduke Franz-Ferdinand, now taken over by the State, but maintained exactly as it was when the unfortunate heir of the Emperor Franz-Joseph was living there. The arrangements for the Congress were excellent, thanks to its President, Dr. Rádl, and to an extremely efficient organizing committee which placed itself unreservedly and unremittingly at the disposal of the 350 active and 150 associated members who attended the various meetings.

In Pursuit of Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Participatory Politics ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Public Instruction ◽  
The French Revolution

In pursuit of politics offers a new interpretation of debates over education and politics in the early years of the French Revolution. Following these debates from the 1760s to the early years of the Republic (1792-94), and putting well-known works in dialogue with previously-neglected sources, it situates education at the center of revolutionary contests over citizenship, participatory politics, and representative government.Education was central to how people thought about what was possible, desirable, and achievable in eighteenth-century France. With that in mind, In pursuit of politics uses the debates over education as a window onto one of history’s most dramatic periods of political uncertainty and upheaval, anxiety and ambition. It weaves together debates taking place among Enlightenment writers, philosophes, royal and institutional administrators and, later, among revolutionary legislators, private citizens, political clubs, and provincial schoolmasters. This book explores the relationship between the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, highlights the emergence of “public instruction” as a revolutionary pedagogy, and allows us to think in new ways about how the citizens and statesmen of eighteenth-century France tried to navigate modern politics at their tumultuous start.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

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