Republican instruction: an elusive ideal

Author(s):  
Adrian O'Connor

The collapse of the constitutional monarchy and the establishment of the French Republic presented a deep fissure in the history of the Revolution and, with that, in the ambitions and expectations of revolutionary pedagogy. And yet, a close examination of the republican debates over education, and especially of the practical reform efforts undertaken by the National Convention and by local authorities and school administrators, suggests important continuities across the monarchy-republic divide. These attempts to preserve, reform, and reimagine educational institutions during the first years of the Republic suggest that the pursuit of public instruction, of contestatory politics, of critical and contributive citizenship, and of an engaged and educated citizenry was more sustained, more ambitious, and more nuanced than is often recognized. These points are highlighted in a re-examination of how the revolutionaries sought to use particular pedagogical instruments, such as republican catechisms, political festivals, revolutionary songs, and the like, and of their continued attempts to make the educational institutions inherited from the Ancien Régime work for the new Republic.

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Юрий Михайлович Асанов

Представлены первые результаты совместной работы таджикских и российских преподавателей в учебных заведениях Республики Таджикистан в процессе реализации программы «Русские учителя в Таджикистане». Актуальность темы обусловлена растущей ролью сотрудничества в сфере образования и подготовки кадров, которые лежат в основе абсолютно всех направлений стратегического взаимодействия этих стран. На примере Раштского района Республики Таджикистан отмечается уникальность для новейшей истории российско-таджикских отношений опыта одновременной взаимодополняющей работы преподавателей двух стран как в школе, так и в педагогическом институте. Уделено внимание роли русского языка и русскоязычного образования в Таджикистане, дается анализ нынешней ситуации с функционированием русского языка в республике. Предлагаются пути и способы его дальнейшего совершенствования для того, чтобы существенно расширить возможности практического использования русского языка. Вводится и дается определение новому научному понятию «самовоспроизводящая система». Обосновывается авторское толкование этого термина. Предложены возможности и подходы дальнейшего развития программы «Русские учителя в Таджикистане». The article discusses the role of the Russian language and Russian education in Tajikistan. The analysis of the current situation with the functioning of the Russian language in the republic is given. The author suggests the ways and the opportunities of its further improvement of significantly expand the possibilities of practical use of the Russian language. Determined the relevance of the article. The article notes that cooperation in the field of education and training lies at the heart of absolutely all areas of strategic cooperation between our countries. The author considers the first results of the joint work of Tajik and Russian teachers in educational institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan. On the example of the Rasht district of the Republic of Tajikistan, the uniqueness of the experience of the simultaneous complementary work of teachers of the two countries both at school and at the pedagogical institute for the recent history of Russian-Tajik relations is noted. The definition of a new scientific concept “self-reproducing system” is introduced and given. The author’s interpretation of this term is substantiated, in contrast to the generally accepted ones. The expediency of attracting non-profit organizations of the two countries to the development of Russian-Tajik educational cooperation is noted. A number of other practical proposals for the development of joint teaching activities in educational institutions of Tajikistan, namely, that the construction of Russian schools will provide an opportunity to create effective centers of culture and education in the regions.


Author(s):  
O.H. Mukhatova ◽  

The article describes the history of education in Kazakhstan in the 1920s on the basis of an analysis of valuable documents stored in the archives of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Central State Archives and the State Regional Archives of the Kyzylorda Region. Also, it considers new views and scientific conceptual conclusions approved in the domestic historical science. The author presents the advantages and disadvantages of Soviet education in Kazakhstan more than ten years after the establishment of Soviet power. There are analyzed important documents of the revolutionary reorganization of public education in the article. There are revealed essence and content of the decisions of the commissariat of public education on the formation and development of the education system in the region. The author describes the formation of schools of the I and II stages, seven-year education, schools - communes. The article shows the number of schools in Kazakhstan in the 1920-1921 academic year and students, the amount of funds allocated from the budget. There are shown processes of formation and development of the Leninist labor school. There are revealed directions and results of political and educational work in the field of education. According to archival sources, there are considered such problems as lack of school premises and personnel. The article considers the growth in the number of schools and students. The author studied state of education in secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. The author highlighted a problem of training of personnel necessary for the sphere of education in secondary vocational and higher educational institutions. The article provides information about the elimination of illiteracy, the transition to the Latin alphabet, the publication of textbooks, developed curricula for disciplines. There is presented a work of local departments of public education on the issue of new textbooks for Kazakh schools in the article


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Zhamilyakan Toktomambetova ◽  
◽  
Turdumambet Barpybaev ◽  
Salidin Kaldybaev ◽  
◽  
...  

In recent years, a frequently discussed problem is the guideline of training on the educational result and the formation of students' competence. These factors form the prerequisite for improving the quality of education. Higher educational institutions of the republic pay special attention to the question of the formation of students' competence. In order to build students' competence, the educational process should be based on a competency- based approach. The article explores the issue of the formation and development of the problem of competence in education. The development of the problem is divided into three stages. The role and significance of the competency-based approach in training is revealed, the point of view of scientists on competence is analyzed.


Author(s):  
Lana К. Khubaeva

The article is devoted to the Vladikavkaz city Nikolaev school, which was opened in 1874. Documents preserved in the fund of the Public Schools Directorate of the Central State Archive (CSA) of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania indicate that the school was a male educational institution and the name of the school was named after Nikolai Ugodnik. The school was originally a four-year school, later, in 1897, it was transformed into a six-year school. It was subordinate to the Ministry of Public Education and the Directorate of public schools in the Terek region. On November 3, 1895, the Society for Aid to the Poorest Students of the Vladikavkaz Nikolaev School was officially registered at the school. The fact of the creation of such a Society testifies to the fact that the school was not intended exclusively for children of privileged classes. The October Revolution made great changes in the educational system established by this period. Many schools have ceased to function. The same fate befell the Nikolaev School, but not immediately. The educational institution managed to prepare several generations of graduates who continued their education in higher educational institutions before and post-revolutionary Russia. The Nikolaev school entered the history of Vladikavkaz as a source of enlightenment, thanks to which dozens of young people who did not live not only in Vladikavkaz, but also those who entered here from remote areas of the region received education. The school existed until 1921, having survived two Russian revolutions and the period of the First World War.


Author(s):  
Adrian O'Connor

While the Assembly and the public debated the possible reform of education, the administrators, instructors, students, and others affiliated with the schools were left navigating uncertain political, social, and institutional terrain. They too participated in the wide-ranging debate over educational reform discussed in the preceding chapters, proposing their own answers to questions about whether the educational institutions inherited from the Ancien Régime could be integrated into the new society and new politics, whether they could be turned into instruments of “public instruction.” This chapter examines local attempts to accommodate and realize the new politics in and through education by analyzing letters, proposals, memoranda, requests, and programs for reform generated by or for universities, collèges, petites écoles, and other educational institutions during the years of the constitutional monarchy. These sources reveal institutions and individuals trying to anticipate, accommodate, and influence the course of revolutionary politics, show mounting frustrations as the delayed promise of educational reform and as controversies over the role of religion in politics complicated the process of actually running schools, and remind us of the entanglement of practical, political, and ideological imperatives that characterized the work of revolution.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Danilo Arnaldo Briskievicz

Analisamos a conjuntura de criação e funcionamento do Conselho de Intendência do Serro no período de 23 de janeiro de 1890 a 07 de março de 1892, em especial sua Inspeção Municipal, responsável pelo novo projeto modernizador da instrução pública no município-sede e seus distritos. Discutimos a respeito dos conflitos inerentes ao novo projeto de instrução pública considerando quatro pontos: o primeiro é como o ideário positivista da modernização da instrução pública se manifestou; o segundo é como a imensidade geográfica do município e de seus distritos afetou o projeto renovador; o terceiro é como o funcionamento burocrático através de documentos se dava no contexto (impactado pelas reformas de Leôncio de Carvalho, de 1879 e de Benjamin Constant, iniciada em 1890) e o quarto é o embate republicano na imprensa serrana. A metodologia utilizada é a de pesquisa documental das fontes primárias do Conselho de Intendência do Arquivo de Câmara do IPHAN Serro, bem como de fontes primárias e secundárias da história do Serro, de Minas Gerais e do Brasil, como leis, decretos, portarias, recibos de obras e livros, além de fontes secundárias de autores ligados à história da educação imperial e republicana para ampliação conceitual do contexto pesquisado. Espera-se como resultado oferecer uma contribuição para a história da educação no Brasil republicano. * * *We analyze the creation and functioning of the Serro Council Intendance of from January 23, 1890 to March 7, 1892, in particular its Municipal Inspection, responsible for the new modernization project of public education in the city and its districts. We discussed the conflicts inherent in the new public education project considering four points: the first is how the positivist ideology of the modernization of public instruction manifested itself; the second is how the geographical immensity of the municipality and its districts affected the renovating project; the third is how the bureaucratic operation through documents occurred in the context (impacted by the reforms of Leôncio de Carvalho, 1879 and Benjamin Constant, begun in 1890) and the fourth is the republican clash in the mountain press. The methodology used is documentary research of the primary sources of the Council of Intendance of the Chamber Archive of IPHAN Serro, as well as primary and secondary sources in the history of Serro, Minas Gerais and Brazil, such as laws, decrees, ordinances, receipts works and books, as well as secondary sources of authors related to the history of imperial and republican education for conceptual extension of the researched context. As a result, it is expected to contribute to the history of education in republican Brazil.


Islamovedenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Hasanli Elchin Abbas oglu ◽  

The article examines the history of religious education in Azerbaijan, its place and role in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. In Soviet times, many mosques were closed in Azerbaijan, as in other socialist republics, and religious education was controlled by the state. Starting in the 1940s, the Soviet regime's attitude towards religions, including Islam, began to soften, and some closed mosques were allowed to operate. In Soviet times, there were 17 mosques in Azerbaijan. At the end of the 20th century, after Azerbaijan gained independence, mosques and religious ed-ucational institutions were re-opened, and a number of fundamental laws regulating the activities of Islamic educational institutions were adopted. In this regard, the article reflects educational activities of Islamic institutions currently operating in the country. The activities of the Republic of Turkey to establish a network of religious educational institutions in Baku and other regions are particularly noted. The author considers it inappropriate to leave religious education outside state control, since various radical religious groups may use it for their political purposes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Fleur N. Bagautdinov ◽  

The history of jurisprudence in Tatarstan is associated mainly with the Kazan University. In 1920–1952, the foundations of legal education and legal science are created in Tatarstan. New legal educational institutions appear and undergo reorganization or liquidation. The article examines the history of legal educational institutions of the republic, presents Kazan law schools in various branches of law, the most famous legal scholars of the republic who have made a significant contribution to the development of jurisprudence both in Tatarstan and in the Russian Federation. The author reveals the multifacted process of establishing legal science in the region in the scope of the social-political situation in the country.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-2) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Jeenbek Alymbaev ◽  
Ainura Mamatova ◽  
Saltanat Tashbolotova

Based on archival materials obtained from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the article analyzes the state of public education in modern Kyrgyzstan during the period under review as part of the Turkestan Governor General in the Semirechensk, Syr-Dariya and Ferghana Regions. It is noted that since the 1870s civil and church elementary schools began to work for children of the Russian-speaking population. The article also draws attention to the emergence of new-method schools, the features of which consisted in the abandonment of the old education system. These schools draw attention to methods, training periods and subjects of teaching. One of the features of public education of the period under review was the functioning of Muslim educational institutions, madrasa.


Author(s):  
V. A. Belozorovich

The article is devoted to the actual problem of formation of Belarus history concept in the second half of the 1930s in the Belarusian SSR. The article highlights the methodological turn in historical knowledge observed in the first half of the 1930s, focuses on the processes of creating a textbook on the history of Belarus for students of secondary schools and development of a textbook for students of higher educational institutions of the Republic. The place of the history of Belarus in the unified history concept of the USSR, the contribution of individual researchers in the development of historiography of national history is determined. By the end of the 1930s, draft sketches of a new concept of the history of Belarus based on the Marxist-Leninist methodology and organically inscribed in the General course of the history of the Soviet Union were prepared.


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