scholarly journals “Acusamos o recebimento do vosso ofício”: o Conselho de Intendência do Serro e a intrução pública da República, de 1890 a 1892 / "We accept the receipt of your office": the Serro Intendance Council and the public instruction of the Republic, 1890 to 1892

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Danilo Arnaldo Briskievicz
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
New Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Benjamin Constant ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republican Education ◽  
Public Instruction

Analisamos a conjuntura de criação e funcionamento do Conselho de Intendência do Serro no período de 23 de janeiro de 1890 a 07 de março de 1892, em especial sua Inspeção Municipal, responsável pelo novo projeto modernizador da instrução pública no município-sede e seus distritos. Discutimos a respeito dos conflitos inerentes ao novo projeto de instrução pública considerando quatro pontos: o primeiro é como o ideário positivista da modernização da instrução pública se manifestou; o segundo é como a imensidade geográfica do município e de seus distritos afetou o projeto renovador; o terceiro é como o funcionamento burocrático através de documentos se dava no contexto (impactado pelas reformas de Leôncio de Carvalho, de 1879 e de Benjamin Constant, iniciada em 1890) e o quarto é o embate republicano na imprensa serrana. A metodologia utilizada é a de pesquisa documental das fontes primárias do Conselho de Intendência do Arquivo de Câmara do IPHAN Serro, bem como de fontes primárias e secundárias da história do Serro, de Minas Gerais e do Brasil, como leis, decretos, portarias, recibos de obras e livros, além de fontes secundárias de autores ligados à história da educação imperial e republicana para ampliação conceitual do contexto pesquisado. Espera-se como resultado oferecer uma contribuição para a história da educação no Brasil republicano. * * *We analyze the creation and functioning of the Serro Council Intendance of from January 23, 1890 to March 7, 1892, in particular its Municipal Inspection, responsible for the new modernization project of public education in the city and its districts. We discussed the conflicts inherent in the new public education project considering four points: the first is how the positivist ideology of the modernization of public instruction manifested itself; the second is how the geographical immensity of the municipality and its districts affected the renovating project; the third is how the bureaucratic operation through documents occurred in the context (impacted by the reforms of Leôncio de Carvalho, 1879 and Benjamin Constant, begun in 1890) and the fourth is the republican clash in the mountain press. The methodology used is documentary research of the primary sources of the Council of Intendance of the Chamber Archive of IPHAN Serro, as well as primary and secondary sources in the history of Serro, Minas Gerais and Brazil, such as laws, decrees, ordinances, receipts works and books, as well as secondary sources of authors related to the history of imperial and republican education for conceptual extension of the researched context. As a result, it is expected to contribute to the history of education in republican Brazil.

Campus sexual assault and student activism, 1970–1990

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-579
Author(s):  
Molly C Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Student Activism ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Varied Response

This historical analysis research project traces the early history of the anti-rape movement within the US by examining one university’s development of a sexual violence resource center and the role of student activism. The time period between the 1970s through the 1990s was selected for this analysis due to the significant development of legislation, research, and activism surrounding sexual violence on college campuses. In order to conduct this historical analysis, primary sources from the university’s Archives Collection were studied that included administrative documents, memos, financial documents, program reports, newspaper clippings, and training and workshop materials. Secondary sources were included to provide context to the topic of sexual violence, research, feminism, and campus culture during this time period. Amidst the university’s varied response and debates that surrounded sexual violence, the students’ persistent advocacy had led to conflict resolution.

scholarly journals Maria Sibylla Merian: uma mulher transformando ciência em arte

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Elaine Ferreira Machado ◽  
Awdry Feisser Miquelin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycles ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Spontaneous Generation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Learning Relations

ResumoEste artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar a vida e, principalmente, a obra de uma artista-cientista do século XVII, Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717), bem como o potencial da sua produção para as relações de ensino-aprendizagem em Ciências. Para isso, foram feitas pesquisas bibliográficas tanto de fontes primárias como fontes secundárias relativas à biografia da autora. Considera-se sua obra e, principalmente, seus estudos sobre os seres vivos, com seus respectivos ciclos de vida, uma produção inédita ao período histórico em que viveu. Nesse período, acreditava-se na geração espontânea e, no entanto, ela conseguiu observar, descrever e pintar em tela os seres vivos e seus ciclos reprodutivos. Assim, as inúmeras telas por ela produzidas e publicadas em seus livros constituem material riquíssimo para a exploração e transposição no ensino. Palavras-chave: História da Ciência; Maria Sibylla Merian; Ensino.AbstractThis article aims to present the life and mainly the work of a seventeenth-century artist-scientist, Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717), as well as the potential of its production for teaching-learning relations in Sciences. For this, bibliographical research was done both from primary sources and secondary sources related to the biography of the author. Her work, and especially her studies of living beings with their respective life cycles, is an unprecedented production of the historical period in which she lived, where she believed in spontaneous generation, and yet she was able to observe, describe and paint on canvas the living beings and their reproductive cycles. The innumerable canvases she produces and published in her books are very rich material for exploration and transposition in teaching.Keywords: History of Science; Maria Sibylla Merian; Teaching.

scholarly journals The 2019 General Election and the Transparency Question in Nigeria: Political Party Financing As the Bane of Youth Participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
O Babayo Sule ◽  
Usman Sambo ◽  
Yoserizal Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
General Election ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
General Elections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Campaign Expenditure ◽  
The Cost

Election is perceived as the most peaceful means of power transfer in a democratic setting. It enables for competitive struggles to secure power in a prescribed rule of the game constitutionally. Nigeria is a democratic state currently undergoing its longest democratic transition unprecedented in the history of the country where six consecutive uninterrupted General Elections were conducted. However, the major issue of concern with Nigeria’s democratisation is youth participation and exclusion from politics. A major factor behind the marginalisation of youth is linked to the transparency question in terms of party financing and money politics. This study examined critically how the process of party financing excluded Nigeria’s youth from participating in the 2019 General Election. The study used a qualitative case study method. Data were gathered from primary and secondary sources. The primary sources included an in-depth interview with relevant stakeholders in the field, direct participant observation and consultation of government’s primary documents. The secondary sources were books, journals, newspapers, reports from organisations and agencies and internet sources. The data collected were discussed and interpreted using statistical techniques of tables, charts and a model. The work discovered that youth were barred from participating in Nigeria’s 2019 General Election in terms of contesting and winning of elective seats emanating from heavy use of money in party financing and campaign expenditure. The study thus, recommends that the viable alternative for youth to participate in Nigerian politics actively is to establish parties and lower the cost of obtaining party nomination and contest.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF CHARITIES BY ISLAMIC SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN YOGYAKARTA, 1912-1931: A HISTORY OF ISLAMIC WEALTH MANAGEMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ghifari Yuristiadhi ◽  
Bambang Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Third Shift

This article was written in order to find a model of the development ofIslamic charities organized by bumiputera in the early 20th century inYogyakarta. This socio-economic history research using historical research methods that utilize primary sources such as archives, photographs, books and newspapers as well as the contemporary of secondary sources such as books, journals, and articles. The conclusion of this article is that the presence of transformation of charities in Yogyakarta in the period 1920s-1930s caused by 1) the dynamic moments around the period of the emergence of privately plantation by European, 2) the implementation of the land reorganization in the region of Yogyakarta Sultanate, 3) the emergence of �urban santri� as the new middle class in urban Yogyakarta, and 4) dynamic Islamic social organizations. In addition, the transformationof charities happens consists of three processes. First, change the concept and definition of waqf be more specific. Secondly, changing of the charities model that presented by the Islamic social movements. Third, shift of waqf and charities authority management that also change management culture. One thing that can be seen from this phenomenon is the emergence of local responses on colonialism with a more elegant and become the new social movements as well as showing the existence of civil society.

scholarly journals On the Concepts of the “Family” and the “Household” in the Political Theory of Jean Bodin

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-148
Author(s):  
Gulnara Bayazitova
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Jean Bodin ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

The article examines the tradition of formation of the concepts “family” (famille) and “household” (ménage) in the political theory of the French lawyer, Jean Bodin. The article looks into different editions of Six Books of the Commonwealthto explore the connotations of the key concepts and the meaning that Bodin ascribed to them. As secondary sources, Bodin uses the works by Xenophon, Aristotle, Apuleus, and Marcus Junianus Justin, as well as the Corpus Juris Civilis. Bodin examines three different traditions, those of Ancient Greece, Ancient Hebrew, and Ancient Rome. Each of these traditions has its own history of the concepts of the “family” and of the “household”. Bodin refers to ancient traditions for polemics, but eventually offers his own understanding, not only of the concepts of “famille” and “ménage”, but also of the term «République», defined as the Republic, a term that (with some reservations) refers to the modern notion of state. The very fact that these concepts are being used signifies the division of the political space into the spheres of the private and the public. Furthermore, the concepts of the “family” and of the “household” are key to understand the essence of sovereignty as the supreme authority in the Republic. The author concludes that the difference between Bodin’s concepts of the “family” and the “household” lies not only in the possession of property and its legal manifestation, but also in the fact that the “household” is seen by Bodin as the basis of the Republic, the first step in the system of subordination to the authority.

scholarly journals Política, instrução pública e civilização: um exercício de pesquisa a partir dos relatórios dos presidentes da província de Minas Gerais / Politics, public instruction and civilization: a research practice from the raports of Minas Gerais province presidents

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Danilo Araújo Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Information Source ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Day Schools ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Normal Schools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Instruction ◽  
The 19Th Century

Durante o século XIX a instrução pública figurou como pauta frequente nos debates políticos do jovem império do Brasil. Nas altas galerias da política nacional e nas salas das assembleias provinciais, a formação escolar dos cidadãos brasileiros foi tema de leis e regulamentos diversos. Iniciava-se neste período a estrutura de ensino público no Brasil independente. Na corte e nas províncias, planejavam-se e fundavam-se faculdades, escolas normais, liceus, externatos, aulas avulsas e outras instituições escolares. Este processo integrou o curso da organização do Estado Nacional no Brasil. No interior deste movimento, a instrução pública foi progressivamente se constituindo como um instrumento a ser utilizado para auxiliar na resolução de algumas questões colocadas às elites imperiais. Pouco ainda tem se discutido, contudo, sobre os discursos e as representações que foram construídas neste processo acerca do valor da instrução, do letramento e da formação escolar. Neste ensaio, buscamos realizar uma reflexão sobre este tema nos orientando pelo seguinte questionamento: ao longo da criação do titubeante sistema de instrução pública da província de Minas Gerais, de que modo a escolarização era abordada nos discursos políticos? A discussão aqui delineada é pautada pelo enfoque sobre uma documentação específica que já foi utilizada em algumas pesquisas em história da educação, mas que ainda consiste em uma fonte de informações importante sobre a organização da instrução pública em Minas Gerais: os Relatórios dos Presidentes da Província.* * *During the 19th century the public instruction has figured as a frequent matter in political debates from the early Brazilian Empire. At the highest galleries of national politics and into the provincial assemblies rooms, the scholar formation of brazilian citizens was theme of a huge variety of laws and rules. In this period, the public education structuration has been started at the independent Brazil. At the court and provincies, it was planned and founded new colleges, normal schools, day-schools, lyceums, single classes and other institutions. This process has integrated the organization course of the National State in Brazil. Within this moviment, the public instruction was progressively constituting itself as an instrument to be used to help finding the answer of some questions posed to the imperial elite. Only a little has been discussed about the topic yet, however, the speech and representation were built at this process around the value of instruction, the literacy and the school education. In this essay, we seek to reflect about the theme, guiding ourselves by the following question: throughout the creation of this hesitant public instruction system in Minas Gerais’ province, in which way did the schooling use to be addressed at the political speeches? The argumentation outlined in this arcticle is marked by the focus on a specific documentation which has already been used in some reaserches in the history of education, but it still represents an important information source about the public instruction organization in Minas Gerais: the Province Presidents’ Reports.

scholarly journals Education in Kazakhstan in the 1920s

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
O.H. Mukhatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Central State ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives

The article describes the history of education in Kazakhstan in the 1920s on the basis of an analysis of valuable documents stored in the archives of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Central State Archives and the State Regional Archives of the Kyzylorda Region. Also, it considers new views and scientific conceptual conclusions approved in the domestic historical science. The author presents the advantages and disadvantages of Soviet education in Kazakhstan more than ten years after the establishment of Soviet power. There are analyzed important documents of the revolutionary reorganization of public education in the article. There are revealed essence and content of the decisions of the commissariat of public education on the formation and development of the education system in the region. The author describes the formation of schools of the I and II stages, seven-year education, schools - communes. The article shows the number of schools in Kazakhstan in the 1920-1921 academic year and students, the amount of funds allocated from the budget. There are shown processes of formation and development of the Leninist labor school. There are revealed directions and results of political and educational work in the field of education. According to archival sources, there are considered such problems as lack of school premises and personnel. The article considers the growth in the number of schools and students. The author studied state of education in secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. The author highlighted a problem of training of personnel necessary for the sphere of education in secondary vocational and higher educational institutions. The article provides information about the elimination of illiteracy, the transition to the Latin alphabet, the publication of textbooks, developed curricula for disciplines. There is presented a work of local departments of public education on the issue of new textbooks for Kazakh schools in the article

The 2019 General Election in Nigeria: Examining the Issues, Challenges, Successes and Lessons for Future General Elections

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Babayo Sule ◽  
Umar Adamu ◽  
Usman Sambo
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
General Election ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
General Elections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
The Subject

The 2019 General Election is another milestone and a watershed in the efforts of Nigeria towards democratisation. It has been the six consecutive times that General Elections are successfully conducted in the Fourth Republic which has been unprecedented in the history of the country. This work investigated the major issues, challenges, successes and lessons learnt from the Election. It is notable that elections in Nigeria for over fifty (50) years remain a war-like affair and the phenomenon seem to be continuous despite the long experience of democratic practice in the current Republic. The research used both primary and secondary sources of data analysis. The primary sources consist of participant observation, data from the electoral body; the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and reports from observers and civil societies that directly participated in the exercise. The secondary sources include books, journals, internet and other existing literature on the subject matter of study. The data obtained were analysed and discussed using a qualitative approach method where themes and sub-themes were identified and discussed analytically. The research discovered that the 2019 General Election was heralded with several issues, various challenges and some level of success and that there are lessons that are learnt from the process for future General Elections’ conduct in the country. The work recommends among other suggestions that for a better General Election in future in the country, some observed avoidable mistakes must be taken care of immediately and that the success part should be strengthened to ensure effectiveness.

Republican instruction: an elusive ideal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
School Administrators ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
National Convention ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
Public Instruction ◽  
Constitutional Monarchy

The collapse of the constitutional monarchy and the establishment of the French Republic presented a deep fissure in the history of the Revolution and, with that, in the ambitions and expectations of revolutionary pedagogy. And yet, a close examination of the republican debates over education, and especially of the practical reform efforts undertaken by the National Convention and by local authorities and school administrators, suggests important continuities across the monarchy-republic divide. These attempts to preserve, reform, and reimagine educational institutions during the first years of the Republic suggest that the pursuit of public instruction, of contestatory politics, of critical and contributive citizenship, and of an engaged and educated citizenry was more sustained, more ambitious, and more nuanced than is often recognized. These points are highlighted in a re-examination of how the revolutionaries sought to use particular pedagogical instruments, such as republican catechisms, political festivals, revolutionary songs, and the like, and of their continued attempts to make the educational institutions inherited from the Ancien Régime work for the new Republic.

scholarly journals De la educación religiosa a la educación laica en el currículum oficial de instrucción primaria en México (1821-1917)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Adelina Arredondo
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Legislative History ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Official Curriculum ◽  
History Of

The history of the curriculum is a window to observe the changes and permanences of the school and of the educational system as a whole and for understanding social transformations. The aim of this article is to explain how the curriculum of the primary school (Mexico of the nineteenth century) was changed from one centred on Catholic formation towards a secular curriculum. The school curriculum was one of the spearheads to build the state and society projects imagined by the different groups fighting for the control of power. I described how religious education was officially promoted, notwithstanding the political ups and downs that led to differentiate educational policies in federal systems and centralist regimes. Later, I explain how religious education was omitted from the official curriculum, replacing the space with courses of laic morals, with the consequent difficulty of introducing a new subject. Then I analyse how political circumstances led to a radicalization of liberal positions and to the prohibition not only of religious content, but also of symbols, rites and persons linked with religious vows. Finally, secular education, understood in a complex way, began to be demanded not only in public schools but also in private schools. Due to the nature of this article and the spatial limitations I have privileged the follow-up of the legislative history of education, based on primary sources and secondary sources for the understanding of the different contexts that determine this long journey.

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