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Author(s):  
R. Romero-Reverón ◽  
E.R. Malaspina Guerra

José María Vargas (1786–1854) was a multifaceted personality: Venezuelan politician, medical doctor and scientist. In 1827 he became the first dean of the Central University of Caracas. As a professional doctor, he made significant contribution to the teaching of medicine, his educational work encompassed many fields such as human anatomy, surgery, chemistry, etc. In 1827 he founded the Medical Society of Caracas. He served as president of Venezuela from 1835 to 1836. From 1839 to 1852 he was the president of the Directorate General of Education and created its first Code of Public Instruction for Universities and Academies. He carried out plenty of different medical researches and wrote many important books and papers.


enadakultura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Revishvili

The rise of the French national politics was taking place simultaneously with the rise of the French power and territories in Europe. The first evidence of the emergence of the French language distinguished from Latin is the text of the ‘’French’’ version of the 842-nd Strasbourg Oath. France is an example of how ideas and myths about a language become ideologies and how it forms a part of a language policy, along with language planning and language practices.The French language was being established over a long period of time. From the 17th century onwards, increasing attention was paid to this issue. It is especially interesting to establish a high level of French spelling, the expression of good spelling in the French language has become an object of social values. On October 19 and 20, 1794, the Public Instruction Committee introduced a new project to teach French to all. French became the language of writing before it set foot in education.The 17-th and 18-th centuries became a period of legalization of the French language. The greatest philosophers and writers of this time legalized the French language in poetry and fiction. At the same time, it became the language of scientific writing. French gained the status of the most brilliant language in Europe over the last two centuries through the French Academy and the French Revolution. It was a new ‘’classical“ language.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayara Stefanie Mandarino Silva ◽  
Elaine Maria Santos

ABSTRACT Studies about pombalism are permeated by paradoxes and very often present ideological caricatures. In this sense, it is necessary to revisit the historiography that addresses this period (1750-1777), looking at it from a critical perspective. Therefore, this paper, which deals specifically with public instruction, aims to analyze the representations of Pombaline education reforms found in books and journals. Eight groups of representation emerged from the data reviewed: Pombal as a unifier, liberator of indigenous people, public school creator, revolutionary, efficient, modernizer, promoter of decadence in education, and powerful/centralizer.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Etienne Baldez Louzada Barbosa ◽  
Juarez José Tuchinski dos Anjos

O artigo em tela volta-se para o Congresso da Instrução Pública, planejado para ocorrer no Rio de Janeiro, capital do Império, no ano de 1883. Toma como objeto de análise as discussões relacionadas à carteira escolar, e à sua materialidade, presentes nas Atas e Pareceres do congresso, publicadas apesar de o congresso efetivamente não ter sido realizado por falta de verbas. Valendo-se da metodologia da pesquisa histórica, o artigo persegue um duplo objetivo: 1) compreender o movimento de organização de tal congresso naquele período; 2) identificar que modelos de carteira foram debatidos e indicados como os mais adequados para serem utilizados nas escolas.Palavras-chave: Carteiras escolares. Congresso da instrução. Cultura material escolar.Materiality issue: the school desk at the congress of public instruction of Rio de Janeiro (1883)ABSTRACTThe article in question turns to the Congress of Public Instruction, which was planned to take place in Rio de Janeiro, capital of the Empire, in 1883. It takes as object of analysis the discussions related to the school desk and its materiality present in the Congressional Proceedings and Reports, which were published despite the fact that the Congress was not actually held due to lack of funds. Using the methodology of historical research, the article pursues a double objective: 1) to understand the movement of organizing such a congress in that period; 2) identify which desk models were discussed and indicated as the most suitable for use in schools.Keywords: School desks. Congress of instruction. School material culture.Cuestión de materialidad: el pupitre escolar en el congreso de instrucción pública de Río de Janeiro (1883)RESUMENEl artículo en cuestión se refiere al Congreso de Instrucción Pública, que estaba previsto que tuviera lugar en Río de Janeiro, capital del Imperio, en 1883. Toma como objeto de análisis las discusiones relacionadas con el pupitre escolar y su materialidad presentes en las Actas y Pareceres del congreso, las cuales fueron publicadas a pesar de que el Congreso no se realizó efectivamente por falta de fondos. Utilizando la metodología de investigación histórica, el artículo persigue un doble objetivo: 1) comprender el movimiento de organizar tal congreso en ese período; 2) identificar qué modelos de pupitre se discutieron e indicaron como los más adecuados para su uso en las escuelas.Palabras clave: Pupitres escolares. Congreso de instrucción. Cultura material da la escuela.


Author(s):  
Danny M. Adkison ◽  
Lisa McNair Palmer

This chapter addresses Article VI of the Oklahoma constitution, which concerns the executive department. Section 1 provides that “the Executive authority of the state shall be vested in a Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, State Auditor and Inspector, Attorney General, State Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Commissioner of Labor, Commissioner of Insurance, and other officers provided by law and this Constitution.” While these executive officers may hold meetings outside the state’s capital, they may not set up branch offices in any place other than Oklahoma City. Section 2 states that “the Supreme Executive power shall be vested in a Governor.” Sections 3 and 4 provides for the eligibility of an individual to certain state offices as well as the terms of office and succession, respectively. The chapter then details the provisions for the qualifications, powers, and duties of each of the executive officers. Article VI also includes the provision for the seal of the state (Section 35), which incorporates images from the Five Civilized Tribes along with the seal of Oklahoma Territory.


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