Coffee Berry Disease: Epidemiology in Relation to Control

SummaryIn many instances measures developed for the control of coffee berry disease in East Africa have become less effective since 1961. Changes in the flowering and fruiting patterns of the coffee tree have recently become evident, ascribed in part to the onset of a wetter and cooler climatic cycle in 1961–62, and in part to the effect of the disease itself which, by removing crop, stimulates out-of-season flowering. Consequently, instead of a single main crop in which susceptible and highly infective ripe berries are present for a short time only, a series of over-lapping crops results in ripe berries being on the trees for most of the year. This has changed the disease epidemiology: formerly the main source of infection was conidia from the maturing wood, but now conidia from the berries are often predominant. This has greatly affected the efficiency of control measures, and means are suggested for restoring the previous situation.

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Coffee tree architecture and its interactions with microclimates drive the dynamics of coffee berry disease in coffee trees

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-38775-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natacha Motisi ◽

Fabienne Ribeyre ◽

Sylvain Poggi

Keyword(s):

Tree Architecture ◽

Coffee Berry ◽

Coffee Tree ◽

Coffee Berry Disease

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An Epidemiological Analysis of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases, Reported at National Institute of Health, Pakistan (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.20605 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ambreen Chaudhry

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Target Population ◽

Control Measures ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Travel History ◽

Disease Epidemiology ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Multi Center Study ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is a zoonotic disease of novel origin that posed a continuous threat to health worldwide after taking the shape of the pandemic. An understanding of disease epidemiology is supportive in timely preventive and control measures as well as contact tracing and curbing surveillance activities. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 confirmed cases reported at the National Institute of Health Pakistan and elements of its spread in Pakistan. METHODS A retrospective record review was conducted at the National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad, Pakistan from January 25 to April 4, 2020. Univariate and bivariate analysis was done with 95% CI and p<0.05. RESULTS A total of 14,422 samples of suspected COVID-19 cases were received with a positivity rate of 9% (n=1348). Among all 70% (n=939) were male. The median age was 41years of age (range: 01-99Years). Among all, 19% were from 30-39 years old followed by 50-59 years old (17%). Children remained the least affected by 3% (n=35). Of the total reported cases, 55% (n=735) have reported the travel history within the last 14 days. Among these travelers’ international travelers were 23% (n=166) and domestic travelers were 77% (n=569). Travel history including both international and domestic remained significantly associated with the different age groups and Young adults remained more vulnerable to COVID-19 (P=0.03). Fever, SOB, and Cough remained the most significantly associated (P<0.05) in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS A higher incidence of COVID-19 among elderly men suggests robust quarantine measures for this target population. An escalating incidence of local transmission needs strict social distancing and hygiene practices to help flatten the curve. An extensive multi-center study is also recommended for a full understanding of disease dynamics.

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Micro-meteorological studies of coffee berry disease A field investigation into the incidence of the physical conditions favourable for spore germination

Annals of Applied Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1744-7348.1968.tb05456.x ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 451-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

T. WOODHEAD

Keyword(s):

Spore Germination ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Coffee Berry ◽

Physical Conditions ◽

Coffee Berry Disease

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Prevalence assessment of ectoparasitic arthropods among commonly consumed wildlife in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-020-00461-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kingsley Uchenna Ozioko ◽

Chris Ikem Okoye ◽

Patience Obiageli Ubachukwu ◽

Raymond Awudu Agbu ◽

Bede Izuchukwu Ezewudo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Control Measures ◽

Wild Game ◽

Wildlife Reservoirs ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Ixodes Holocyclus ◽

Public Health Significance ◽

Physical Examinations ◽

Health Significance ◽

Vector Borne

Abstract Background Wildlife reservoirs not only act as a source of infection for vectors but also serve as hosts for the vectors themselves, supporting their populations. Their public health significance in developing countries is of growing importance as a result of zoonotic and enzootic diseases associated with the pathogens they transmit. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites of wild game in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. Physical examinations were carried out on 143 wildlife, and laboratory identification was employed on the ectoparasites. The collected ectoparasites were identified in the laboratory using literature and with the help of a taxonomist. Results Out of the 143 game examined, 114 was infected with at least one parasite representing about 98.6% of an infestation. Among the parasites identified, Amblyomma spp. showed the highest prevalence of 24.5% at 95% confidential intervals of CI (1.45–3.19)–24.5% (p ≤ 0.05). No difference was observed in the prevalence of the ectoparasites according to sex, except for Ixodes holocyclus. Similarly, no difference was observed in prevalence with reference to age except for Rhipicephalus spp. and Polyplax spinulosa which showed differences. Conclusions The present study provides basic data about the most prevalent ectoparasitic arthropod among game in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria, which requires an evaluation of its zoonotic control measures. This work can elicit the risk of possible transmission of some zoonotic and enzootic diseases via game. Improving awareness among local people and bushmeat dealers about the risk of contracting a vector-borne disease through wildlife is crucial.

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Resistance to Coffee Berry Disease in Ethiopia

Durable Resistance in Crops ◽

10.1007/978-1-4615-9305-8_27 ◽

1983 ◽

pp. 317-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. A. Van der Graaff ◽

R. Pieters

Keyword(s):

Coffee Berry ◽

Coffee Berry Disease

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Treatment of cattle pyroplasmidosis in the conditions of Dagestan Republic

Agrarian science ◽

10.32634/0869-8155-2021-349-5-8-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 344 (5) ◽

pp. 8-10

Author(s):

S. Sh. Abdulmagomedov ◽

A. Yu. Aliev ◽

R. M. Bakrieva ◽

E. A. Belkin

Keyword(s):

Live Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Control Measures ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Blood Parasites ◽

Control Group ◽

Single Intramuscular Injection ◽

Short Time ◽

And Control

Relevance. Dagestan Republic in terms of natural and climatic characteristics is the most favorable for the of ixodid ticks - carriers of pathogens of blood-parasitic diseases of farm animals. In this regard, further improvement of the set of scientifically grounded control measures and the search for new promising chemotherapeutic drugs of the prevention and treatment of pyroplasmidosis of cattle are major problem of great national economic importance.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in farms, unfavorable on pyroplasmidosis, in the conditions of Dagestan Republic. The object of the study was cattle, spontaneously invaded by various types of blood parasites. Experеmental and control groups in production experiments were selected according to the principle of analogues. In the first control group (n = 10) the drug was not used. The second (n = 10) was injected with the drug DAC 5% at a dose of 1 ml/20 kg (DV 2.5 mg/kg), intramuscularly, at the rate 5 ml per 100 kg of live weight. The animals of the third (n = 10) were injected with the injectable preparation forticarb 10% at a dose of 4 ml/100 kg (DV 4 mg/kg) of live weight, intramuscularly, once.Results. It was found that with a single intramuscular injection of forticarb at the rate 2 ml/50 kg of live weight, the temperature and parasitic reaction in the body of sick animals decreased in a very short time. Therapeutic efficacy in pyroplasmidosis of cattle was 90%.

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Influence of plants used in agricultural diversification on the nematode Heterorhabditis amazonensis

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6supl2p3553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽

pp. 3553-3566

Author(s):

Natalia Ramos Mertz ◽

◽

Fernanda Soares Sales ◽

Elsa Judith Guevara Agudelo ◽

Alcides Moino Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Agricultural System ◽

Tagetes Erecta ◽

Initial Population ◽

Agricultural Diversification ◽

Main Crop ◽

Short Time ◽

The Impact ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

In an agricultural system, to increase natural biological control, plants that attract natural enemies can be grown alongside the main crop. However, the effects of these plants on entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), important agents for controlling soil pests, and the action of their conservation are unknown. To assess the impact of these plants on EPNs, two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse. The first measured the effect of Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria breviflora, and Tagetes erecta on the persistence and infectivity of Heterorhabditis amazonensis isolate RSC 5 for 27 days, compared to a control treatment without plants. The second trial evaluated the effect of C. breviflora and T. erecta on the displacement of the nematode. Additionally, the influence of predator Calosoma granulatum in this system was evaluated. The plants did not influence nematode behaviour in terms of persistence, infectivity, or displacement. However, C. spectabilis allowed the most significant persistence of nematodes in the substrate for a short time, and T. erecta caused the fastest suppression of the initial population of infectives juvenile. In the second experiment, neither the predator nor the plants affected the nematode’s ability to move in the soil within 5 days. These results show that prior knowledge in agricultural diversification can help to control pests by inundative application of EPNs.

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The Incidence of Climatic Conditions Favourable to Coffee Berry Disease in Kenya

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700023309 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 303-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. M. Waller

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Growing Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Tree Canopy ◽

Disease Development ◽

Spore Dispersal ◽

Coffee Berry ◽

Coffee Berry Disease ◽

Air Temperatures

SUMMARYClimatic conditions affecting the development of CBD are assessed by measuring wetness within the tree canopy and air temperature. Saturation of the tree canopy, necessary for spore dispersal, occurs most frequently at the tops of trees and the duration of wetness permitting spore germination is most prolonged at night. Night air temperatures are closest to berry temperatures and are important in assessing infection periods. Disease development in 1968 and 1969 was related to the number of infection periods during the growing season. Polythene tree covers which kept trees sufficiently dry to stop disease development were used in determining infection at different times of the year.

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