Grain Yields of Maize and the Nitrogen Contribution Following Stylosanthes Pasture in the Nigerian Subhumid Zone

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mohamed Saleem ◽  
R. M. Otsyina
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Pastoral Production ◽  
Natural Fallow ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Ruminant Feed ◽  
Pastoral Production Systems

SUMMARYMaize grain yields were significantly higher following one to three years of Stylosanthes than after natural fallow or repeated cropping. This demonstrates an important benefit of the forage legume in addition to its value as a ruminant feed supplement. The implications for the development of traditional agro-pastoral production systems are discussed.

scholarly journals Breeding lucerne for persistence

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Bouton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Pastoral Production ◽  
Pastoral Production Systems

Cultivated lucerne is the most widely grown forage legume in pastoral agriculture. Persistence is critical for most pastoral production systems and its definition includes concepts of productivity, but maintenance of adequate plant numbers is essential. There were three important eras in lucerne persistence breeding: species introduction leading to local varieties and land races (adaptation), development of multiple pest-resistant, autumn dormancy-specific cultivars, and introducing complex traits and the use of biotechnologies. Today’s persistent cultivar needs, at a minimum, adaptation, proper autumn dormancy, and targeted pest resistances. Adding complex, ‘persistence-limiting’ traits to these minimum base traits, such as tolerance to grazing, acid, aluminum-toxic soils, and drought, is successfully being achieved via traditional selection, but biotechnologies and inter-specific hybridisations are also being employed in some cases. The main issues around biotechnologies are public perception and regulatory issues which continue to hamper transgene deployment while genetic marker programs need to lower costs and concentrate on successful application. There is not one persistent ‘ideotype’ that will fill all situations, but specific ones need to be developed and targeted for geographies such as the subtropics. Finally, breeders need to understand what persistence traits lucerne producers are willing to pay a premium to obtain.

Estimation of tsetse challenge and its relationship with trypanosomosis incidence in cattle kept under pastoral production systems in Kenya

2008 ◽  
Vol 155 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bett ◽  
P. Irungu ◽  
S.O. Nyamwaro ◽  
G. Murilla ◽  
P. Kitala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Pastoral Production ◽  
Pastoral Production Systems

Phosphorus leaching from pastures can be an environmental risk and even a significant fertiliser expense

2006 ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
Matt R. Redding ◽  
A. Ghani ◽  
M. Kear ◽  
M. O'Connor ◽  
W. Catto
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Phosphorus Leaching ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
Pastoral Production ◽  
Phosphorus Losses ◽  
Pastoral Production Systems

While it is true that leaching is usually not a strong pathway for phosphorus (P) loss under many systems, is it true for all? Two studies reported in this paper sought to establish if significant phosphorus leaching can occur under normal pastoral production systems. Undisturbed-core lysimeters collected from a Wharekohe silt loam from Northland were treated with fertiliser P (reactive phosphate rock and superphosphate) then leached from August to November, 2005. In a second study, soil profiles under pasture for sheep/beef and dairy production in the catchments of the Rotorua lakes were sampled to depths of 1.5 m (28 sites), and soil Olsen P and P retention capacity index were determined down these profiles. Phosphorus losses from the Wharekohe soil to 25 cm depth were up to 33% of the P applied (superphosphate applications of 50 and 100 kg P/ha). Some Rotorua soils displayed enriched P concentrations at depth (to 1.5 m), often coupled with moderate or low P sorption capacities. If connectivity exists between leaching pathways and surface water bodies these observations indicate that alternative management strategies need to be developed and adopted for soils that leach significant quantities of P. The Wharekohe silt loam is one such soil. Keywords: phosphorus, leaching

What’s beyond capitalist natures? The view from a camel’s back

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Model ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Pastoral Production ◽  
Pastoral Production Systems

The authors’ formulation ‘capitalist natures’ may be too quick to imply that the formal and/or real subsumption of all natures is in the process of being accomplished. I point toward liminal and dynamic cases, such as camels in pastoral production systems, to trouble the mental model of a spatialized ‘outside’ that is either simply colonized by or subsidizing capitalist relations.

Maize grain and straw yields over 14 consecutive years in burned and mulched Mucuna pruriens var. utilis and Pueraria phaseoloides relay cropping systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Stefan Hauser ◽  
Jacqueline Henrot ◽  
Samuel Korie
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Natural Fallow ◽  
Maize Grain

Abstract The cover crops Mucuna pruriens var. utilis and Pueraria phaseoloides were introduced to African farmers to improve crop production on degraded soils, yet they appear not to be adopted at scale. In the humid forest zone of West and Central Africa, the dominant Acrisols and Nitisols are inherently poor even when not degraded through agriculture. In this zone, sole maize cropping and vegetable production systems are gaining importance, yet both suffer from nutrient deficiencies. Cover crops were often introduced along with a system change, requiring biomass retention, mainly for nutrient retention reasons. Farmers in the zone commonly use slash and burn systems due to added weed control and ease of operations on clean fields. This study evaluated mucuna and pueraria with and without burning the fallow biomass in an annual sole maize crop relay system against the burned and retained natural fallow. Over 14 consecutive years, biomass burning did not cause lower maize grain yields in any of the fallow types, on the contrary, the economically important marketable cob yields were higher when biomass was burned (mulched 2.10 cobs m−2 vs. 2.26 cobs m−2 when burned, p < 0.07). After cover crop fallow, maize grain yields were significantly higher than after natural fallow (1.92 Mg ha−1) over the 14 years, with maize yields in the pueraria treatment (2.63 Mg ha−1) out yielding those in the mucuna treatment (2.28 Mg ha−1). Maize produced 1.92 cobs m−2 in natural fallow, significantly less than in the mucuna (2.23 m−2, p < 0.013) and the pueraria (2.39 m−2, p < 0.001) fallow. Introducing mucuna or pueraria cover crops into slash and burn systems appears as a suitable measure to increase yields without changing the land preparation approach.

ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF USING MULCH FROM MULTI-PURPOSE TREES IN MAIZE-BASED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kormawa ◽  
A. Y. Kamara ◽  
S. C. Jutzi ◽  
N. Sanginga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Maize Grain

Cutting and carrying of mulch from established tree plots is an alternative to in situ mulch in agroforestry systems. Through the cut-and-carry method, the undesirable effects of tree-crop competition characterized by in situ mulching can be avoided. An economic evaluation of the cut-and-carry method of providing nutrients for maize production was carried out based on investigations in south-western Nigeria. The results showed that the use of mulch from multi-purpose trees (MPTs) through the cut-and-carry method contributed to higher maize grain yields than those obtained with fertilizer or in the untreated controls. However, because of high labour requirements and scarcity of land in the study area, providing nutrients for crop production by this method is unprofitable both in the short and the long term. This may serve as a constraint for the adoption of this technology by farmers. Alternative options requiring less labour and land requirements should be investigated in the quest to replace shifting cultivation.

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