RESPONSE OF CASSAVA TO PROLONGED WATER STRESS IMPOSED AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. El-Sharkawy ◽  
L. F. Cadavid
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

A two-year field trial was conducted to study the effects of prolonged water stress on cassava (Manihot esculenta) productivity, and on nutrient uptake and use efficiency. Four contrasting cultivars were supplied with adequate fertilization and watering, except when water was excluded by covering the soil with plastic sheets for different periods, depending on treatment: from two to six months, four to eight months, or from six to twelve months after planting (early, mid-season and terminal stress respectively). Sequential harvests were made at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 months after planting to determine leaf area index and shoot and root biomass. At final harvest, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations in shoots and storage roots were determined.During both early and mid-season stress, leaf area index and shoot and root biomass were significantly smaller than those in the controls across all cultivars. After recovery from stress, leaf area index was greatly enhanced with less dry matter allocated to stems, and root yields approached those in the controls. One cultivar, CMC 40, had greater final root yield under stress treatments. Nutrient concentration in roots and shoots was less in all cultivars with early stress and resulted in higher nutrient use efficiency in all elements for root production. The same trend was observed under mid-season stress, except for nitrogen concentration, which remained unchanged.Terminal stress did not affect leaf area index, but reduced the shoot biomass in all cultivars. Final root yields were smaller than those in the controls except for CMC 40 whose final root yield was greater under stress. Nitrogen concentration was greater in root biomass but less in shoot biomass of all cultivars, resulting in lower nitrogen–use efficiency for root production. Across cultivars, only potassium- and magnesium-use efficiencies were greater than in the controls. CMC 40 was the only cultivar with consistently greater use efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium for root production under terminal stress. This higher nutrient use efficiency was due, mainly, to a greater root production rather than to smaller nutrient concentration. This cultivar is suitable as a gene source for improving cassava in order to maximize root production per unit nutrient extracted under stressful environmental conditions.

scholarly journals WOOD-DERIVED BIOCHAR INFLUENCES NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY OF HEAVY METALS IN SPINACH (SPINACIA OLERACEA) UNDER GROUNDWATER AND WASTEWATER IRRIGATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Aslam Ghori ◽  
Shamim Gul ◽  
Saniya Tahir ◽  
Meenah Sohail ◽  
Saira Batool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Irrigation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Groundwater Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Present study analysed the influence of slow-pyrolyzed wood-derived biochar on growth performance and heavy metal accumulation in the leaves of spinach grown under groundwater and wastewater irrigation. Biochar was applied in soil as 5% (~30 t·ha−1) and 10% (~60 t·ha−1) amendment. According to results, plant biomass was significantly higher under wastewater than groundwater irrigation. Biochar amendment increased significantly the aboveground plant biomass and root biomass and promoted water use efficiency (WUE). Under groundwater irrigation, biochar amendment at 10% application rate, increased the leaf area index (P < 0.05), while amendment of biochar at all application rates significantly reduced leaf area index under wastewater irrigation (P < 0.05). Application of biochar also reduced accumulation of rhizosphere soil around roots under wastewater irrigation, indicating less exudate production in the rhizosphere of plants. Biochar significantly reduced the concentration of copper (Cu) in under wastewater irrigation. Biochar increased the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of plants for zinc (Zn) and Cu under wastewater irrigation.

Determination of critical nitrogen concentration and dilution curve based on leaf area index for summer maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Zhao ◽  
Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim ◽  
Aiwang Duan ◽  
Zhandong Liu ◽  
Xiaolong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dilution Curve ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Critical Nitrogen Concentration

Effects of repeated fertilization on needle longevity, foliar nutrition, effective leaf area index, and growth characteristics of lodgepole pine in interior British Columbia, Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac G Amponsah ◽  
Philip G Comeau ◽  
Robert P Brockley ◽  
Victor J Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Needle Longevity ◽  
Effective Leaf Area Index

We investigated the effects of repeated fertilization (either periodically every 6 years or annual fertilization) on needle longevity and growth response in two juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) stands in the interior of British Columbia, Canada. Annual fertilization decreased needle longevity by 23% at the Kenneth Creek site and by 30% at Sheridan Creek, compared with the control treatments at each site. At Sheridan, repeated fertilization significantly increased effective leaf area index, foliated shoot length, and annual shoot growth. However, none of these variables was significantly altered by repeated fertilization at Kenneth. At both locations, fertilization elevated nutrient concentrations in the current year's foliage. Annual fertilization increased nitrogen concentration in mid-crown branches of retained cohorts (1998–2002) at both study sites. Furthermore, annual nitrogen addition apparently induced or exacerbated copper and iron deficiency in these stands, especially at Kenneth Creek, which may be related to the premature loss of foliage. Nutrient imbalance may also be related to poor effective leaf area index and growth response at Kenneth Creek. Stem growth efficiency declined with annual fertilization at Kenneth Creek because of accelerated turnover of needles, increased allocation of growth to branches, and probably reduced photosynthetic capacity.

scholarly journals Morphological and Ecophysiological Indicators for Coriander Under Irrigation Depths and Nitrogen Levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Fábio Teixeira Delazari ◽  
Mariane Gonçalves Ferreira Copati ◽  
Gustavo Henrique da Silva ◽  
Ronaldo Silva Gomes ◽  
Derly José Henriques da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen fertilization and supplying of water are crucial factors for quality and quantity produces of coriander. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological and ecophysiological characteristics for coriander under five irrigation depths and two doses of nitrogen (N). Experimental layout was completely randomized design in a split plot scheme with five replications. The irrigation depths (plot) was 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The doses of N (subplot) corresponded to 35 and 70 kg ha-1. The cultivation of coriander (&ldquo;Vedete&rdquo;) was in a protected environment. The ratio between the aerial part and roots linearly increased with the increment of the irrigation depths and was highest under 70 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. The leaf area index linearly increased with the increment of the irrigation depths at both doses of N. The leaf index of chlorophyll &ldquo;a&rdquo; was highest under irrigation depths of 87 and 75% of ETc for 35 and 70 kg ha-1 of N, respectively. The leaf index of chlorophyll &ldquo;b&rdquo; decrease linearly with the increase of irrigation depths in both doses of N. The nitrogen use efficiency was maximized with high soil moisture conditions. The water use efficiency decreases linearly with increasing of irrigation depth. The best irrigation depth and nitrogen dose obtained in this study was 125% of ETc and 70 kg/ha. The leaf index of chlorophyll &ldquo;a&rdquo; and &ldquo;b&rdquo; are important indicators of hydric stress. The leaf index of chlorophyll &ldquo;b&rdquo; are negatively correlated with leaf area index. N supply increase the water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Supplementary irrigation in Sudan grass: Leaf area index, dry matter production and water use efficiency

Científica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Wellington Mezzomo ◽  
Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽  
Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽  
Jardel Henrique Kirchner ◽  
Rogério Ricalde Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSORSIUM PBRM (PLANT BENEFICIAL RHIZOSPHERIC MICROORGANISM) DALAM NUE (NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY) PADA PERTUMBUHAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Tyas Nyonita Punjungsari ◽  
Agung Setya Wibowo ◽  
Intan Fuji Arriani ◽  
Palupi Puspitorini
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Corn Plants

Corn farm processing in Blitar Regency is very dependent on fertilization using chemicals. The use of chemicals themselves has a negative impact on the environment and health if used continuously. Therefore we need a solution to increase the absorption of nutrients from the soil by plants (nutrient use efficiency), namely the use of beneficial microorganisms, namely PBRM (Plant Beneficial Rhizospheric Microorganism). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a consortium of soil from peanut plants in increasing the growth of corn plants. This research was conducted in May 2019 until September 2019. This study used RAK and was carried out in several stages, the first being planting corn seeds with a combination of NPK and PBRM Consortium, with each of 4 dose levels, K0, K1, K2, K3 Observation indicators consisted of plant height, leaf area, wet weight of cob, dry weight of cob. DMRT test results on the variable Plant Height that the treatment of K2 (1.5 kg Consortium per plant) showed the best results with an average of 7 DAP (9.40) 14 dd (40.96) 28 DAP (102.36) 35 DAP (141, 31) and 42 DAP (172.21) while the age of 21 DAP in the K3 treatment (3 kg consortium) with the average (74.80) which showed the best results on corn plant height. Based on analysis of variance of leaf area observations, it was shown that the administration of PBRM consortium in NUE had a significant effect on the age of 21 DAP, 28 DAP, 35 DAP, and 42 DAP but did not significantly affect the age of 14 HST. In the variable wet weights of K2 treatment cob showed the highest average of 527.33 grams while in the variable dry weight of K2 treatment cob showed the highest average of 493.63 gr.

scholarly journals Response of Rice Genotypes to Weed Competition in Dry Direct-Seeded Rice in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulshan Mahajan ◽  
Mugalodi S. Ramesha ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Rice Genotypes

The differential weed-competitive abilities of eight rice genotypes and the traits that may confer such attributes were investigated under partial weedy and weed-free conditions in naturally occurring weed flora in dry direct-seeded rice during the rainy seasons of 2011 and 2012 at Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The results showed genotypic differences in competitiveness against weeds. In weed-free plots, grain yield varied from 6.6 to 8.9 t ha−1across different genotypes; it was lowest for PR-115 and highest for the hybrid H-97158. In partial weedy plots, grain yield and weed biomass at flowering varied from 3.6 to 6.7 t ha−1and from 174 to 419 g m−2, respectively. In partial weedy plots, grain yield was lowest for PR-115 and highest for PR-120. Average yield loss due to weed competition ranged from 21 to 46% in different rice genotypes. The study showed that early canopy closure, high leaf area index at early stage, and high root biomass and volume correlated positively with competitiveness. This study suggests that some traits (root biomass, leaf area index, and shoot biomass at the early stage) could play an important role in conferring weed competitiveness and these traits can be explored for dry-seeded rice.

Impact of water deficit on light interception, radiation use efficiency and leaf area index in a potato crop (Solanum tuberosumL.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. CAMARGO ◽  
F. MONTOYA ◽  
M. A. MORENO ◽  
J. F. ORTEGA ◽  
J. I. CÓRCOLES
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

SUMMARYThe aim of the current research was to analyse the effect of four water irrigation treatments (1·20, 1·00, 0·80 and 0·60 of the crop water requirement) on the relationships among leaf area index (LAI), radiation use efficiency (RUE) and green canopy cover in a potato crop (Solanum tuberosumL.) cv. Agria. The crop was established in a commercial plot irrigated with a centre pivot system in Southeast Spain during the 2011 and 2012 seasons. In both seasons, the highest light absorption efficiency values occurred at the LAI value of 3 that corresponded to maximum ground cover. With regard to the irrigation treatment, a significant linear response was indicated for RUE. The results indicate that the 1·00 irrigation treatment produced the best result, improving water resources management without reducing crop yield.

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