AN ASSESSMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) PRACTICES COMPARED WITH RECOMMENDED RICE CULTIVATION PRACTICES IN INDIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. THAKUR ◽  
NORMAN UPHOFF ◽  
EDNA ANTONY
Keyword(s):  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Fluorescence Efficiency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Intensification

SUMMARYAn evaluation was conducted in eastern India over three years, 2005–2007, to compare the performance of certain System of Rice Intensification (SRI) practices: transplanting single, young (10-day-old) seedlings in a square pattern; no continuous flooding; and use of a mechanical weeder – with those currently endorsed by the Central Rice Research Institute of India, referred to here as recommended management practices (RMP). All plots received the same fertilization, a combination of organic and inorganic nutrients, and the SRI spacing used was 20% less than usually recommended. Accordingly, the results reported here are designated as a modification of SRI recommendations (SRIm). The objective of this research was to understand the benefits in terms of yield and other physiological parameters, if any, from using most if not all recommended SRI practices compared to RMP. These selected SRI practices out-yielded RMP by 42%, with the higher yield associated with various phenotypical alterations, which are reported here. Significant measurable changes were observed in physiological processes and plant characteristics, such as longer panicles, more grains panicle−1 and higher % of grain-filling. The decreased plant density with SRIm management was compensated for by increased per-plant productivity. SRIm hills with single plants were found to have deeper and better-distributed root systems, higher xylem exudation rates, more open plant architecture with more erect and larger leaves, and more tillers than did RMP hills having multiple plants. Due to the reduction in number of hills m−2 in SRIm plots compared to RMP, no significant difference was found in root dry weight or leaf number, tillers or panicle number on an area basis. Nevertheless, in spite of SRIm having fewer hills and fewer tillers per unit area, the leaf area index (LAI) with SRIm practice was greater due to larger leaves. These together with altered plant architecture, contributed to more light interception by SRIm plants. The higher leaf chlorophyll content at ripening stage reflected delayed senescence and the greater fluorescence efficiency (Fv/Fm and ФPS II) associated with SRIm practices contributed to more efficient utilization of light and a higher rate of photosynthesis, which was probably responsible for the observed increase in grain filling and heavier grains compared to RMP plants. The higher photosynthesis rate coupled with lower transpiration in SRIm plants indicated that they were using water more efficiently than did RMP plants. The latter produced 1.6 μ mol CO2 fixed per m mol water transpired, compared to 3.6 μ mol CO2 in SRIm plants.

Assessment of sowing dates and plant densities using CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean for soybean maturity groups in low latitude

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
L. S. Sampaio ◽  
R. Battisti ◽  
M. A. Lana ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Maturity Groups

Abstract Crop models can be used to explain yield variations associated with management practices, environment and genotype. This study aimed to assess the effect of plant densities using CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean for low latitudes. The crop model was calibrated and evaluated using data from field experiments, including plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants per m2), maturity groups (MG 7.7 and 8.8) and sowing dates (calibration: 06 Jan., 19 Jan., 16 Feb. 2018; and evaluation: 19 Jan. 2019). The model simulated phenology with a bias lower than 2 days for calibration and 7 days for evaluation. Relative root mean square error for the maximum leaf area index varied from 12.2 to 31.3%; while that for grain yield varied between 3 and 32%. The calibrated model was used to simulate different management scenarios across six sites located in the low latitude, considering 33 growing seasons. Simulations showed a higher yield for 40 pl per m2, as expected, but with greater yield gain increments occurring at low plant density going from 10 to 20 pl per m2. In Santarém, Brazil, MG 8.8 sown on 21 Feb. had a median yield of 2658, 3197, 3442 and 3583 kg/ha, respectively, for 10, 20, 30 and 40 pl per m2, resulting in a relative increase of 20, 8 and 4% for each additional 10 pl per m2. Overall, the crop model had adequate performance, indicating a minimum recommended plant density of 20 pl per m2, while sowing dates and maturity groups showed different yield level and pattern across sites in function of the local climate.

Influence of system of cultivation and genotypes of preceding rice-ratoon on growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) sown at varying dates in coastal alluvium soil of eastern India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanat Kumar Dwibedi ◽  
Gopal Chandra De ◽  
Sudhi Ranjan Dhua ◽  
Ashok Kumar Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Rice Intensification

Field experiment was conducted in coastal alluvium soil of eastern India during late rabi of 2009-10 and 2010-11 in split split-plot design with three dates of sowing for rice-ratoon i.e. 20 June, 5 and 20 July followed by green gram cv. PDM-139 (Samrat) i.e. 2 January, 17 January and 1 February in main plots, three systems of cultivation of the preceding rice-ratoon i.e. ratoons of rice under best management practices (BMP), system of rice intensification (SRI) and modified SRI (MSRI) in sub plots and two genotypes of rice-ratoon i.e. HR Ajay and HYV Tapaswini in sub sub-plots. Green gram was grown under residual soil nutrient and the crop sown on 2 January recorded the highest seed yield of 0.703 t ha-1 (REY of 2.933 t ha-1) and this was followed by sowing on 17 January and 1 February. The seed yield of green gram followed diminishing trend under SRI-ratoon, MSRI-ratoon and BMP-ratoon, respectively.

scholarly journals INFLUENC OF IRRIGATION PERIODS AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON TOW RICE VSRIETIES GROWN UNDER THE RSYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI)

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Hasanie & Al-Maadhedi ◽  
Al-Hasanie & Al-Maadhedi
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
High Yield ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Rice Intensification

A field trial was conducted at Al-Mishkhab Rice Research Station at Najaf Governorate during 2015 season to assess the effects of irrigation periods and organic manure on yield and its components of two local rice varieties (Anber 33, Jasmine) under System of Rice Intensification (SRI). The experiment was conducted using split split plot arrangement with RCBD design with three replicates. The main plots were irrigation methods where practiced: continuous submerge and intermittent water application where irrigation water was scheduled at two different intervals 3, 5 days. The sub plots were varieties (anber33,jasmin) and three amount of organic manures 0, 5, 10 ton.haˉ¹, planted under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) compared with conventional method (farmer practice). Transplanted method was done when (SRI) implemented and seedlings were transplanted by pattern square 25×25cm between other with one seedlings per hill and early transplanted 15 days seedling old. The conventional method were closed randomize space (10- 15)cm with more than one (3-5) seedlings, and late transplanted (30 days) seedling old. The results indicated that can be save amount of water and obtain of high yield by 29.5% with less water consumption by 57.6 % was used irrigation intervals of 3 days compared with continuance submerge, and then the amount of water consumption with 3 days interval was 3.67 mm equal 36.762 m³.haˉ¹, with 5 days interval 3.18 mm equal 31.869 m³.haˉ¹, with continuance submerge 8.66 mm equal 86.678 m³.haˉ¹. Also the results indicated that the water use efficiency (WUE) with irrigation interval 5 days was  31869 kg m-³ , with 3 days interval was  36762kg m-³ , with continuous submerge was  86678 kg m-³. The WUE Increase was with 3 days interval 70 %, and then the water consumption was reduced 2.2 compared with continuous submerge. The results indicated that there were significant differences with growth parameters (plant hight, and dry matter weight) and significant differences with yield and its components (Panicle number per m², grain number per panicle, 1000 grain weight, sterile percent, grain yield, and harvest index) when used 3 days intervals and 10 ton.haˉ¹ organic manure.

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