Biochemical phylogeny of the eight species in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup, including D. sechellia and D. orena

SummaryThe phylogenetic relationships of the eight species of the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup are examined on the basis of genetic variation at 33 putative enzyme loci. Values of Nei's genetic distance (ds) range from 0·28 to 1·74. D. sechellia appears closer to D. simulans than to D. mauritiana, the two former being the most closely related. D. orena is quite distantly related to D. erecta (ds = 1). Genetic differentiation supports the existence of three main lineages within the melanogaster subgroup and the yakuba-teissieri pair appears to be closer to the melanogaster lineage than to the erecta-orena one. Inferences of the times of species divergence from allozyme data are made and their agreement to other estimates is discussed.

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Genetic studies revealed differences between European and North American populations of Calypogeia azurea

Biodiversity Research and Conservation ◽

10.1515/biorc-2016-0010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 19-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katarzyna Buczkowska ◽

Alina Bączkiewicz ◽

Patrycja Gonera

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

North America ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Oil Bodies ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Isozyme Loci ◽

The Mean ◽

Different Parts ◽

Nei's Genetic Distance

Abstract Calypogeia azurea, a widespread, subboreal-montane liverwort species, is one of a few representatives of the Calypogeia genus that are characterized by the occurrence of blue oil bodies. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic variation and population structure of C. azurea originating from different parts of its distribution range (Europe and North America). Plants of C. azurea were compared with C. peruviana, another Calypogeia species with blue oil bodies. In general, 339 gametophytes from 15 populations of C. azurea were examined. Total gene diversity (HT) estimated on the basis of nine isozyme loci of C. azurea at the species level was 0.201. The mean Nei’s genetic distance between European populations was equal to 0.083, whereas the mean genetic distance between populations originating from Europe and North America was 0.413. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 69% of C. azurea genetic variation was distributed among regions (Europe and North America), 15% - among populations within regions, and 16% - within populations. Our study revealed that C. azurea showed genetic diversity within its geographic distribution. All examined samples classified as C. azurea differed in respect of isozyme patterns from C. peruviana.

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Evaluation of the genetic diversity and population structure of five indigenous and one introduced Chinese goose breeds using microsatellite markers

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas2011-125 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 417-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jinjun Li ◽

Qingyuan Yuan ◽

Junda Shen ◽

Zhengrong Tao ◽

Guoqing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Evolutionary Relationships ◽

Distance Estimate ◽

Cluster Analyses ◽

Nei's Genetic Distance

Li, J., Yuan, Q., Shen, J., Tao, Z., Li, G., Tian, Y., Wang, D., Chen, L. and Lu, L. 2012. Evaluation of the genetic diversity and population structure of five indigenous and one introduced Chinese goose breeds using microsatellite markers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 417–423. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships among five indigenous Chinese goose breeds and one introduced goose breed using 29 microsatellite markers. A total of 334 distinct alleles were observed across the six breeds, and 45 of the 334 alleles (13.5%) were unique to only one breed. The indigenous geese showed higher diversity in terms of the observed number of alleles per locus (4.48–5.90) and observed heterozygosity (0.46–0.53) compared with the introduced breed (3.97 and 0.29, respectively). The pairwise genetic differentiation (FST) between the six goose breeds ranged from 0.04 between Panshi Grey goose (PS) and Yongkang Grey goose to 0.47 between PS and Landes goose; similarly, Nei's genetic distance varied between 0.25 and 0.75. However, the FST between the indigenous Chinese goose breeds was very small. In addition, genetic distance estimate, phylogenic, and cluster analyses of the genetic relationships and population structure revealed that some indigenous goose breeds had hybridized more frequently, resulting in a loss of genetic distinctiveness.

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Microsatellite based DNA fingerprinting of 28 local rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Bangladesh

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6391 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 7-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

MS Rahman ◽

MKH Sohag ◽

L Rahman

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Dna Fingerprinting ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

High Level ◽

Nei's Genetic Distance

A total of 28 local rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Bangladesh were selected for DNA fingerprinting with seven microsatellite DNA markers. Upon PCR amplification the alleles were separated on Agarose gel using a sequencing gel electrophoresis system. The loci were polymorphic (P95) in all of the varieties. Variation was found in number of alleles, allele frequency, observed and expected heterozygosity. The primer, RM335 having motif (CTT)20 also yielded highest number of alleles (15) and highest PIC value (0.909). Genetic differentiation (Fst) values were found in the ranges 0.84 to 1.00 with an average of 0.92 and gene flow (Nm) values ranged from 0.047 to 0.00 with an average of 0.02. High level genetic differentiation and low level gene flow values in 28 rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties which were indicated of diversity among the varieties as most of these varieties were of landraces. Over all Nei’s genetic distance value (D) ranged from nil to 2.56 among 378 varietals pairs resulting as a means of permutation combination of 28 rice varieties. The UPGMA dendrograme based on Nei's genetic distance placed the varieties into different clusters. All of the varieties were identified with at least one and/or combination of 7 primers. Keywords: Microsatellites; DNA fingerprinting; Oryza sativa; Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6391J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 7-17, 2010

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Evolutionary genetics of the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup. I. Phylogenetic relationships based on matings, hybrids and proteins.

The Japanese Journal of Genetics ◽

10.1266/jjg.62.225 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 225-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Won Ho LEE ◽

Takao K. WATANABE

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Evolutionary Genetics ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster Subgroup

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Genetic variation within and between strains of outbred Swiss mice

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367793780810397 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 116-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Shuliang Cui ◽

Clive Chesson ◽

Rory Hope

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽

Polymorphic Variation ◽

Swiss Mice ◽

Allelic Substitution ◽

Different Strains ◽

Nei's Genetic Distance

The aim of this survey was to measure levels of genetic variation within and between 5 different strains of outbred Swiss mice. Ten to 15 animals from each strain (NIH, Q(S), ARC, IMVS and STUD) were typed, using allozyme electrophoresis, at 10 gene loci: Mod-1, Idh-1, Gpi-1, Es-1, Es-3, Hbb, Pep-3, Gr-1, Got-2 and Pgm-1. Polymorphic variation in at least one of the 5 strains was detected at all 10 loci. The proportion of polymorphic loci ranged from 0·3 (NIH) to 0·8 (IMVS) with a mean of 0·52. Average expected heterozygosities ranged from 0·08 (NIH) to 0·37 (IMVS) with a mean of 0·21. The inbred strain SWR was, as expected, homozygous at all 10 loci. The amount of allelic substitution between pairs of strains was quantified using Nei's genetic distance, and a dendrogram based on these genetic distances showed a close overall similarity in its branching pattern to the known genealogy of the strains. This survey showed that a considerable degree of genetic variation persists in the 5 strains examined, a level of variation similar to that previously detected by Rice and O'Brien (1980) in 3 other outbred Swiss strains.

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Genetic variation and phylogenetic analysis of Indonesian indigenous catfish (baung fish) based on mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.751-757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 751-757

Author(s):

Rini Widayanti ◽

Ken Ayik Kusumaastuti ◽

Joana Martha Novi ◽

Fadila Khairuna Adani ◽

Catrine Relia Patrecia Gultom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Population Based ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

12S Rrna ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Mystus Vittatus ◽

12S Rrna Gene ◽

Mitochondrial 12S Rrna

Background and Aim: Baung fish is an essential commodity in Indonesia; however, few studies have explored the genetic diversity of Indonesian catfish. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships among Indonesian catfish based on the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Materials and Methods: In total, 28 catfish were collected from nine rivers in seven provinces and from the Indian Ocean. Catfish genomes were obtained from epaxial and hepaxial muscle samples. The mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using a pair of primers (Baung12SF and Baung12SR). The 12S rRNA sequences were analyzed using MEGA X to determine genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships. Results: In total, 178 variation sites in the 12S rRNA gene were substituted among Indonesian catfish. The genetic distance between all Indonesian catfish samples was 0.1-16.0%. The closest genetic distance was between MP and PM catfish, whereas the farthest genetic distances were between BF and EM and PD and EM. For the entire population, based on mean diversity calculations, the number of base substitutions per site was 0.08. Conclusion: Indonesian catfish were divided into four clades based on the 12S rRNA gene. The catfish MP, KR, PM, MS, BB, and KS were grouped with Hemibagrus nemurus, the catfish EM was grouped with Mystus vittatus, the catfish BSBJ was grouped with Pangasius pangasius, and the catfish PD and BF were grouped with Netuma thalassina.

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Allozyme variations in six natural populations of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Turkey

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-007-0127-z ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Behiye Bilgen ◽

Nuray Kaya

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Mean Value ◽

Population Variation ◽

Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽

The Mean ◽

Nei's Genetic Distance

AbstractGenetic variation in six natural populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was determined with isoenzyme analyses. For this purpose, haploid female gametophytes of seeds and horizontal starch gel electrophoresis technique were used. A total of 17 loci and 58 alleles were observed in studying 10 enzyme systems. The average proportion of polymorphic loci for populations ranged from 58.8% to 70.6%. The average number of alleles per locus per population was 2.65. The mean estimated expected heterozygosity (He) of populations was 0.294. A rather high proportion of genetic diversity (96.4%) was due to within-population variation and the remaining (3.6%) was due to variation among populations. The level of gene flow (Nem) was found to be 6.69 per generation. Nei’s genetic distance coefficient ranged from 0.006 to 0.027 (mean 0.017) among all possible population pairs. The mean value of Nei’s genetic distance is similar to the values reported for other European Scots pine populations. The low mean value of Nei’s genetic distance among populations is enough to explain low interpopulation variation. According to genetic variation parameters, three out of six populations (Akdagmadeni-Yozgat, Refahiye-Erzincan and Vezirkopru-Samsun) appear to be preferable populations for genetic conservation and forest tree breeding programs.

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