scholarly journals Joint regulation of cell size and cell number in the wing blade of Drosophila melanogaster

1997 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIE McCABE ◽  
VERNON FRENCH ◽  
LINDA PARTRIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Wing Area ◽  
Compensatory Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Compensatory Regulation

We used Drosophila melanogaster to test for compensatory control of cell area and cell number in the regulation of total wing area. In two random bred wild-type base stocks collected from different geographic locations we found a negative association between the area and the number of cells in the wing blade. Three replicate lines were selected for increased or decreased wing area, with cell area maintained at the same level as in the three controls. After eight generations of selection, despite a large and highly significant difference in wing area between the large, control and small selection lines, cell area did not differ significantly between them. Rather, the difference in wing area between selection regimes was attributable to differences in cell number. Over the course of selection, the initially significant negative correlation between cell area and cell number in the wing increased, providing evidence for compensatory regulation of cell area and cell number. As a result of the increasingly negative association between the two traits, the variance in wing area declined as selection proceeded. It will be important to discover the mechanisms underlying the compensatory regulation of cell area and cell number.

scholarly journals Research on General Self-Efficacy and Test Anxiety of Normal University Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Tang ◽  
Qingmin Sun
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal University ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Self Efficacy

<p><em>The general self-efficacy scale and test anxiety scale are utilized for the questionnaire survey among 188 normal university students. The relationship between their general self-efficacy and test anxiety, the difference of general self-efficacy in gender and major, and difference of test anxiety in gender and major are discussed. The results indicate that there is a significant negative correlation between general self-efficacy and test anxiety of normal college students; there is a significant difference in gender and major for general self-efficacy; there is no significant difference in gender but in major for test anxiety.</em></p>

Towards DNA-Based Monitoring of Therapy In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 2284-2284
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Morley ◽  
Paul Bartley ◽  
David Ross ◽  
Sue Latham ◽  
Brad Budgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Leukemic Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Abstract 2284 Monitoring of CML is conventionally performed by RT-qPCR but the use of RNA as the starting material leads to a number of disadvantages, which include propensity of RNA to degradation, a low level of endogenous BCR-ABL transcripts, requirement for reverse transcription, somewhat complex laboratory standardisation, and uncertain relationship between transcript level and leukemic cell number. The use of genomic DNA to quantify BCR-ABL sequences would overcome these disadvantages but it presents 2 major problems - the need to determine the breakpoint sequence for each patient and the need to synthesise and test specific primers for each patient. We developed a simple and rapid method for isolating the BCR-ABL sequence which involved a primary highly multiplexed PCR to amplify across the breakpoint and 2 subsequent PCRs using specially designed primers to eliminate the non-specific material produced in the primary PCR. The need to develop primers specific for each patient was bypassed by synthesising a library comprising 11 pairs (to enable nested PCR) of forward BCR primers and 493 pairs of reverse ABL primers which were all tested to ensure efficient amplification. Minimal residual disease (MRD) was quantified by a one round qPCR if the level was anticipated to be > 10-3, by nested qPCR if the level was anticipated to be < 10-4, and by one or both methods if the level was anticipated to be in the range 10-3 – 10-4. Quantification involved use of a standard curve comprised of various dilutions of diagnosis DNA and amplification was measured using a Taqman hydrolysis probe directed to the BCR region of the BCR-ABL sequence. MRD levels quantified by RT-qPCR were also available for 75 of the 79 samples. To date, 217 MRD estimations have been performed by DNA-qPCR on 79 samples obtained from 30 patients during treatment. MRD was quantified down to approximately 10-6. There was a highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) between the results of DNA-qPCR and RT-qPCR for the 54 samples in which MRD was quantified by both methods. MRD was quantified by DNA-PCR but was not detected by RT-qPCR in another 15 samples and was not detected by either technique in a further 6 samples. There were no samples in which MRD was detected by RT-qPCR but not by DNA-qPCR. Overall, the MRD result was significantly lower (p < 0.01) by a mean of 0.38 log units (2.4 fold) when quantified by RT-qPCR as compared to when quantified by DNA-qPCR. Replicate DNA-qPCR estimations on the same sample showed that the SD of a single estimation was 0.25 log units (95% CI = 3.2 × result to 0.31 × result) and there was no significant difference between a one-round qPCR and a nested qPCR for the 14 samples estimated by both methods. Analysis of the difference between the RT-qPCR result and the DNA-qPCR result for each sample drawn from an individual patient showed systematic differences between patients which were almost certainly attributable to differences in BCR-ABL expression. The Figure shows the difference between the RT-qPCR result and the DNA-qPCR result for the 17 patients for whom two or more samples had been quantified by both techniques. Each point refers to an individual sample. Some patients e.g. the 3 on the left of the Figure, appeared to be high expressors and other patients e.g. the 2 on the right, appeared to be low expressors. The level of expression differed from the mean by up to approximately 1 log unit (10 fold). Conclusions 1. DNA-qPCR provides MRD results which are broadly comparable to RT-qPCR results when MRD is > 10-4. 2. DNA-qPCR is more analytically sensitive than RT-qPCR by up to 2 log units. This may become increasingly important as more patients achieve complete molecular response as defined by RT-qPCR. 3. DNA-qPCR provides a more accurate measure of leukemic cell number than RT-qPCR as it is not influenced by the level of BCR-ABL expression. 4. DNA-qPCR is more expensive than RT-qPCR owing to the requirement for determining the breakpoint sequence and obtaining specific primers. However this initial expense can be amortised if multiple MRD estimations are performed during the course of monitoring –if this is the case then the extra cost/assay is minimal. Disclosures: Morley: Monoquant P/L: Equity Ownership, Research Funding. Branford: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Hughes: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT BETWEEN INDIAN AND INDONESIAN SPORTS-PERSONS: A QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Kumar Halder ◽  
Moch Fahmi Abdulaziz
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
Female Sports ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Elite Sports

The motive of this study was to analyze, interpret and assess psychological variables between Indian and Indonesian sports-persons. Two psychological variables i.e. Sports Achievement Motivation and Sports Competition Anxiety were selected to understand the difference and non-difference psychic strength and lacuna between Indian and Indonesian sports-persons. This study also conducted to find out a correlation between Sports Achievement Motivation and Sports Competition Anxiety among Indian and Indonesian sports-persons. For the purpose of this study, 50 elite sports-persons from India and 50 elite sports-persons from Indonesia were randomly selected. The subjects’ age ranged between 18-25 years. To measure sports achievement motivation and sports competition anxiety between Indian and Indonesian sports-persons, Sports Achievement Motivation Test (SAMT) developed by M.L. Kamlesh in 1990 and Sports Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) developed by Rainer Martens in 1977, were introduced respectively. For statistical analysis and interpretation of data, Independent Sample t-Test and Pearson Product-moment Correlation were conducted. The level of significance had been taken 0.01. The study found a significant difference in SAMT between Indian and Indonesian female sports-persons, male sports-persons and sports-persons in toto. It also found a significant difference in SCAT between Indian and Indonesian female sports-persons in toto but did not find any significant difference in SCAT between Indian and Indonesian female and male Sports-persons. This study also found no significant correlation between Sports Achievement Motivation and Sports Competition Anxiety among Indian sports-persons but the study detected a significant negative correlation between sports Achievement Motivation and Sports Competition Anxiety among Indonesian sports-persons. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0797/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Internet Addiction and Psychological Well-being among Youth of Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aasimeh Rehman ◽  
Humera Shafi ◽  
Touseef Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Residential Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was conducted with the aim to examine the relationship between internet addiction and psychological well-being among youth of Kashmir and to find out the difference in both addiction and psychological well-being among youth of Kashmir with respect to gender and residential status. 100 students studying in various colleges of two districts of Kashmir (Srinagar and Ganderbal) completed the Young’s Internet addiction test (Young, 1998) and Ryff’s Psychological well-being scale (Ryff, 1995). Results of the study revealed a significant negative correlation between internet addiction and psychological well-being among youth of Kashmir. Further it was found that there is significant difference in internet addiction among youth of Kashmir with respect to their gender, males were found to be high on internet addiction than their counter parts and no significant difference was found in internet addiction with respect to their residential status. Results also revealed insignificant difference in psychological well-being among male and female youth and regarding their residential status significant difference was found in psychological well-being, urban youth were found to be high on the levels of psychological well being as compared to rural youth. The study will be helpful in highlighting the effect of internet addiction among youth which is becoming a menace day by day for society.

scholarly journals Cellular basis and developmental timing in a size cline of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C James ◽  
R B Azevedo ◽  
L Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Wing Area ◽  
Thorax Length ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Genetic Cline

Abstract We examined 20 Drosophila melanogaster populations collected from a 2600-km north-south transect in Australia. In laboratory culture at constant temperature and standard larval density, a genetic cline in thorax length and wing area was found, with both traits increasing with latitude. The cline in wing area was based on clines in both cell size and cell number, but was primarily determined by changes in cell number. Body size and larval development time were not associated among populations. We discuss our results in the context of selection processes operating in natural and experimental populations.

scholarly journals Study of maximum phonation time and S/Z ratio in laryngeal paralysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Rao M. S. ◽  
Keerthi Koripalli ◽  
Apoorva P. ◽  
Vijayalaxmi Malipatil
Keyword(s):  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Maximum Phonation Time ◽  
Laryngeal Paralysis ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Published Research

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Alterations in human voice occur frequently and patients usually complain of hoarseness of voice. Laryngeal paralysis is an important differential diagnosis in patients complaining change of voice. Because of simplicity and ease, maximum phonation time (MPT) and S/Z ratio have become the most frequently used clinical tools to assess phonatory mechanics. Published research studying analysis of MPT and S/Z ratio in patients with vocal cord paralysis (VCP) is scanty. Hence this study was taken up to study MPT and S/Z ratios in patients with laryngeal paralysis.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>62 patients with VCP were included in our study. Complete history was taken and examination was done in all patients. VCP was confirmed by indirect laryngoscopic examination. The MPT and S/Z ratios were evaluated in a quiet room. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 22.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean MPT in males with VCP was 6.71±0.54 and in females it was 6.80±2. Mean S/Z ratio in males was 1.69±0.54, in females 1.59±0.35. The difference between laterality of VCP and MPT was statistically highly significant and the difference between laterality of VCP and S/Z ratio was also statistically highly significant. Our study shows no statistically significant difference in MPT and S/Z ratio with respect to age and gender. There was a significant negative correlation between MPT and S/Z ratio. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Irrespective of age and gender MPT and S/Z ratio are simple and effective objective clinical tests to diagnose paralytic laryngeal pathologies. As laryngeal pathology heals on treatment MPT and S/Z ratio are expected to normalize indicating therapeutic progress.<strong></strong></p>

Speech-Sound Discrimination and Tactile-Kinesthetic Discrimination in Reference to Speech Production

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Madison ◽  
Donald J. Fucci
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Mental Maturity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sound Discrimination ◽  
Monitoring Modality ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between selected sensory discrimination variables and speech-sound production was investigated. Speech-sound discrimination, oral stereognostic discrimination, and articulation were measured in a group of 100 first-grade children. Ss had to have normal hearing; understand the concept of “same and different”; be less than 7 yr., 6 mo. of age; have no obvious neurological or physical impairment; and have a Columbia Mental Maturity Scale score of at least 85. A significant negative correlation between speech-sound discrimination in oral stereognostic discrimination was established. There was a significant difference in articulation scores between high and low speech-sound discrimination groups. The difference in articulation scores between high and low oral stereognostic groups was not significant. The possibility that the result of this and other studies could be explained by an age-linked dominant monitoring modality for articulation was discussed.

Apoptosis and development

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin V McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Genetic Pathways ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process used by multicellular organisms to developmentally regulate cell number or to eliminate cells that are potentially detrimental to the organism. The large diversity of regulators of apoptosis in mammalian cells and their numerous interactions complicate the analysis of their individual functions, particularly in development. The remarkable conservation of apoptotic mechanisms across species has allowed the genetic pathways of apoptosis determined in lower species, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, to act as models for understanding the biology of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Though many components of the apoptotic pathway are conserved between species, the use of additional model organisms has revealed several important differences and supports the use of model organisms in deciphering complex biological processes such as apoptosis.

Cranial crassicaudiasis in two coastal dolphin species from South Africa is predominantly a disease of immature individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Van Bressem ◽  
P Duignan ◽  
JA Raga ◽  
K Van Waerebeek ◽  
N Fraijia-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Osteolytic Lesions ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Crassicauda spp. (Nematoda) infest the cranial sinuses of several odontocetes, causing diagnostic trabecular osteolytic lesions. We examined skulls of 77 Indian Ocean humpback dolphins Sousa plumbea and 69 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins Tursiops aduncus, caught in bather-protecting nets off KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) from 1970-2017, and skulls of 6 S. plumbea stranded along the southern Cape coast in South Africa from 1963-2002. Prevalence of cranial crassicaudiasis was evaluated according to sex and cranial maturity. Overall, prevalence in S. plumbea and T. aduncus taken off KZN was 13 and 31.9%, respectively. Parasitosis variably affected 1 or more cranial bones (frontal, pterygoid, maxillary and sphenoid). No significant difference was found by gender for either species, allowing sexes to be pooled. However, there was a significant difference in lesion prevalence by age, with immature T. aduncus 4.6 times more likely affected than adults, while for S. plumbea, the difference was 6.5-fold. As severe osteolytic lesions are unlikely to heal without trace, we propose that infection is more likely to have a fatal outcome for immature dolphins, possibly because of incomplete bone development, lower immune competence in clearing parasites or an over-exuberant inflammatory response in concert with parasitic enzymatic erosion. Cranial osteolysis was not observed in mature males (18 S. plumbea, 21 T. aduncus), suggesting potential cohort-linked immune-mediated resistance to infestation. Crassicauda spp. may play a role in the natural mortality of S. plumbea and T. aduncus, but the pathogenesis and population level impact remain unknown.

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