Methods for Indexing the Income of the Population with an Increase in Consumer Prices

The article deals with the formation of money income of the population, changes in the formation of consumer goods and needs for them, including under the influence of pricing, the structural volumes of goods offered for sale with different consumer properties and values. The problem of dynamics and the level of growth in prices for consumer goods is considered from the standpoint of disclosing the relationship between the emerging incomes of the population, inflation, methods of indexation and compensatory regulation. The formation of the incomes of the population of Russia is characterized not only by an insufficiency in relation to existing needs, but also by many contradictions that restrain their correspondence with the goals of improving welfare. At the same time, the need to identify the changes in trends and patterns taking place in the economy and social practice becomes a condition for the possible improvement of the tasks being solved not only in increasing the income of the population, but also in regulating them in consumption and efficiency of use. In practice and in research results, the lack of a systematic nature of the tasks being solved is recorded (generalized) both in price regulation and in the indexation of income in guaranteed rates corresponding to the dynamics of real inflation indicators, its level positions, which are taken into account not only in the emerging wages in monetary form, but also in various benefits that are paid by the state. The solution of these problems requires further detailed scientific research of the processes actually occurring in economic practice with the use of methods for indexing the income of the population with an increase in consumer prices. The supply of consumer goods on the market, which does not have a profitable orientation towards their purchases, in our opinion, will always exacerbate the problem of choosing methods of price regulation, both on the part of the state and commodity producers.

Systemic regulation of nitrogen acquisition and use in Oryza longistaminata ramets under nitrogen heterogeneity

Oryza longistaminata, a wild rice, vegetatively reproduces and forms a networked clonal colony consisting of ramets connected by rhizomes. Although water, nutrients, and other molecules can be transferred between ramets via the rhizomes, inter-ramet communication in response to spatially heterogeneous nitrogen availability is not well understood. We studied the response of ramet pairs to heterogeneous nitrogen availability by using a split hydroponic system that allowed each ramet root to be exposed to different conditions. Ammonium uptake was compensatively enhanced in the sufficient-side root when roots of the ramet pairs were exposed to ammonium-sufficient and deficient conditions. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that a gene regulatory network for effective ammonium assimilation and amino acid biosynthesis was activated in the sufficient-side roots. Allocation of absorbed nitrogen from the nitrogen-sufficient to the deficient ramets was rather limited. Nitrogen was preferentially used for newly growing axillary buds on the sufficient-side ramets. Biosynthesis of trans-zeatin, a cytokinin, was up-regulated in response to the nitrogen supply, but trans-zeatin appears not to target the compensatory regulation. Our results also implied that the O. longistaminata ortholog of OsCEP1 plays a role as a nitrogen-deficient signal in inter-ramet communication, providing compensatory up-regulation of nitrogen assimilatory genes. These results provide insights into the molecular basis for efficient growth strategies of asexually proliferating plants growing in areas where nitrogen distribution is spatially heterogeneous.

“Degradation of the extracellular matrix is part of the pathology of ulcerative colitis”

The scientific value of re-analyzing existing datasets is often proportional to the complexity of the data. Proteomics data are inherently complex and can be analyzed at many levels, including proteins, peptides, and post-translational modifications to verify and/or develop new hypotheses. In this paper, we present our re-analysis of a previously published study comparing colon biopsy samples from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients to non-affected controls. In addition to confirming and reinforcing the original finding of upregulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), we report novel findings, including that Extracellular Matrix (ECM) degradation and neutrophil maturation are involved in the pathology of UC. The pharmaceutically most relevant differential protein expressions were confirmed using immunohistochemistry as an orthogonal method. As part of this study, we also compared proteomics data to previously published mRNA expression data. These comparisons indicated compensatory regulation at transcription levels of the ECM proteins we identified and open possible new venues for drug discovery.

Guest Editorial—Special Collection Topic: Statistical Systems Theory in Cancer Modeling, Diagnosis, and Therapy

Aims and Scope: Cancer is a systems disease involving mutations and altered regulation. This supplement treats cancer research as it pertains to 3 systems issues of an inherently statistical nature: regulatory modeling and information processing, diagnostic classification, and therapeutic intervention and control. Topics of interest include (but are not limited to) multiscale modeling, gene/protein transcriptional regulation, dynamical systems, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling, compensatory regulation, feedback, apoptotic and proliferative control, copy number-expression interaction, integration of different feature types, error estimation, and reproducibility. We are especially interested in how the above issues relate to the extremely high-dimensional data sets and small- to moderate-sized data sets typically involved in cancer research, for instance, their effect on statistical power, inference accuracy, and multiple comparisons.

A role for sodium-chloride cotransporters in the rapid regulation of ion uptake following acute environmental acidosis: new insights from the zebrafish model

The effects of acute exposure to acidic water on Na+ and Cl− homeostasis, and the mechanisms underlying their compensatory regulation, were investigated in the larval zebrafish Danio rerio. Exposure to acidic water (pH 4.0; control pH 7.6) for 2 h significantly reduced Na+ uptake and whole body Na+ content. Nevertheless, the capacity for Na+ uptake was substantially increased in fish preexposed to acidic water but measured in control water. Based on the accumulation of the Na+-selective dye, Sodium Green, two ionocyte subtypes exhibited intracellular Na+ enrichment after preexposure to acidic water: H+-ATPase rich (HR) cells, which coexpress the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3b (NHE3b), and a non-HR cell population. In fish experiencing Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) knockdown, we observed no Sodium Green accumulation in the latter cell type, suggesting the non-HR cells were NCC cells. Elimination of NHE3b-expressing HR cells did not prevent the increased Na+ uptake following acid exposure. On the other hand, the increased Na+ uptake was abolished when the acidic water was enriched with Na+ and Cl−, but not with Na+ only, indicating that the elevated Na+ uptake after acid exposure was associated with the compensatory regulation of Cl−. Further examinations demonstrated that acute acid exposure also reduced whole body Cl− levels and increased the capacity for Cl− uptake. Moreover, knockdown of NCC prevented the increased uptake of both Na+ and Cl− after exposure to acidic water. Together, the results of the present study revealed a novel role of NCC in the compensatory regulation of Na+ and Cl− uptake following acute acidosis.