Thrust dissection control of deep-water clastic dispersal patterns in the Klematia–Paramythia foreland basin, western Greece

2000 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAVLOS AVRAMIDIS ◽  
ABRAHAM ZELILIDIS ◽  
NIKOLAOS KONTOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Submarine Fans ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Thrust Front ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Western Greece

The Klematia–Paramythia basin is an internal part of the middle Ionian zone of the Hellenide orogen in western Greece. It consists of Middle Eocene to Late Miocene turbidites, up to 3300 m thick, which were deposited in a series of submarine fans. Field studies suggest that the configuration and the depositional environments of the basin were affected by two tectonic phases. During the first tectonic phase, in Middle Eocene to Late Oligocene times, a foreland basin was formed west of the Pindos Thrust front. During the second tectonic phase, in the Early Miocene, the Ionian zone (a part of the foreland basin) was subdivided by internal thrusting into three sub-basins (internal, middle and external) and changed to a complex type foreland basin. Comparison of the type and facies associations of the turbidite deposits that accumulated within the basin suggests that these two tectonic phases had a significant effect on sedimentary dispersal patterns. During the first tectonic phase in the Klematia–Paramythia basin (when it was part of the foreland basin), fine-grained turbidites, up to 1050 m thick, accumulated on the distal part of a submarine fan. The lower part (900 m thick) of these deposits consists of thin to thick interbedded sandstone/mudstone beds which are interpreted as lobes and lobe-fringe (outer-fan) deposits. The upper parts (150 m thick) of these deposits are composed of very thin to thin siltstone/mudstone beds, representing a basin plain environment. During the second tectonic phase, sediments up to 2260 m thick were deposited in the Klematia–Paramythia basin. These deposits are interpreted as lobes and lobe-fringe (outer-fan) fine-grained turbidites in the central part of the basin, channel and interchannel deposits (inner-fan) in some areas of the periphery of the basin, and shelf deposits in the northern and southern terminations of the basin.

Supercritical-flow Deposits and Their Distribution in a Submarine Channel System, Middle Eocene, Ainsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline H. Cornard ◽  
Kevin T. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Supercritical Flow ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Spanish Pyrenees ◽  
Basin Floor ◽  
Lower Slope

Abstract Studies of supercritical-flow deposits (SFDs) and their spatial distribution in ancient deep-water systems should provide an additional tool to improve the understanding of the flow dynamics during deposition and the architecture of sandbodies. Outcrop recognition of SFDs in ancient deep-marine environments remains poorly documented, although their study dates back to the 1970s. This paper focusses on the criteria for recognizing SFDs and their distribution in three selected depositional environments from an ancient mid-lower slope to a proximal-basin floor setting in the middle Eocene Ainsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees. From field observations, six facies associations interpreted as related to supercritical flow are defined. These facies associations are grouped in two categories. The first group includes facies associations related to erosional coarse-grained supercritical-flow bedforms related to meter and centimeter-scale scours and backfilling structures interpreted as large-scale cyclic steps or small-scale cyclic steps, respectively. Erosional coarse-grained supercritical bedforms are observed mainly in relatively high-gradient slopes and relatively confined settings. The second group of facies associations are related to depositional fine-grained supercritical-flow bedforms associated with upflow-dipping sandstone lenses, upflow-stacked wavy bedforms, upflow-stacked sigmoidal bedforms, and plane beds, interpreted as unstable and stable antidunes and upper-flow-regime plane beds. Depositional fine-grained supercritical-flow bedforms are observed mainly in relatively unconfined settings such as lower-slope, break-of-slope and proximal basin-floor environments. Two main SFD trends were observed in the Ainsa Basin in: (i) an axial-lateral direction, showing a decrease in SFDs from channel axis to channel margin, and (ii) a longitudinal proximal–distal direction, showing an increase in SFDs from the Gerbe System (mid-slope environment), to the Banastón System (proximal basin-floor environment), to the Ainsa System (lower-slope environment). From this study, two parameters are recognized as likely playing an important role on whether a flow is under supercritical or subcritical conditions: (i) confinement of the sandbodies, and (ii) slope gradient.

APPROACHES TO PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS OF THE LATROBE GROUP, GIPPSLAND BASIN, SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bernecker ◽  
A.D. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Depositional System ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Marine Fossils ◽  
Coal Accumulation ◽  
Gippsland Basin

In the Gippsland Basin, the seaward extent of paralic coal occurrences can be mapped in successive time slices through the Paleocene and Eocene to provide a series of straight to gently arcuate surrogate palaeoshorelines within the petroliferous Latrobe Group. Palaeogeographic reconstructions that incorporate this information provide a unique perspective on the changes affecting a siliciclastic depositional system on a passive continental margin where basin development has been primarily controlled by thermal sag. In contrast, the absence of calcareous marine fossils and lack of extensive, widespread and thick fine-grained sediments on the marine shelf and continental slope, beyond the seaward limits of coal accumulation, have contributed to the false impression that the Latrobe Group accumulated in a largely non-marine basin. Based on the proposed model for palaeoshoreline delineation, seismic data, sequence analysis, petrography and palynology can be integrated to subdivide the main depositional environments into distinct facies associations that can be used to predict the distribution of petroleum systems elements in the basin. The application of such palaeogeographic models to the older section of the Latrobe Group can improve the identification of these petroleum systems elements in as yet unexplored parts of the Gippsland Basin. Given the recent attention paid to the basin as a CO2 storage province, palaeogeographic interpretations may be able to assist with the selection of appropriate injection sites.

scholarly journals Paleoenvironmental change recorded in submarine fans: the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition in the Alpine foreland basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan Soutter ◽  
Ian Kane ◽  
Ander Martínez-Doñate ◽  
Adrian Boyce ◽  
Jack Stacey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Submarine Fan ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Change ◽  
Submarine Fans ◽  
Alpine Foreland ◽  
Alpine Foreland Basin

The Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) was a period of considerable environmental change, signifying the transition from Paleocene greenhouse to Oligocene icehouse conditions. Preservation of the sedimentary signal of such an environmental change is most likely in net-depositional environments, such as submarine fans, which are the terminal parts of sedimentary systems. Here, using sedimentological and stable isotope data from the Alpine foreland basin, we assess whether this major climatic transition influenced the stratigraphic evolution of submarine fans. Results indicate that submarine fan retreat in the Alpine foreland basin corresponds with positive δ13C excursions related to major global perturbations of the carbon cycle and cooling in the earliest Oligocene. Submarine fan retreat is suggested to be influenced by this cooling through enhanced aridity and reduced subaerial runoff from the Corsica-Sardinia hinterland. The influence of aridity was periodically overwhelmed by local environmental factors, such as hinterland uplift, which increased sediment supply to deep-water during arid periods. These results highlight that: 1) hinterland climate may play a greater role than sea-level in dictating sediment supply to deep-water and, 2) submarine fan evolution occurs through a complex interplay between climate, eustasy and tectonics, which makes robust interpretations of paleoenvironmental change from their stratigraphic record, without multi-proxy records, difficult.

scholarly journals Controls of Depositional Environments on Reservoir Quality in Terms of Porosity and Permeability Gabo Field Niger Delta

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond Ideozu ◽  
Tochukwu Nduaguibe
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sedimentary Structures ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Distributary Channel

The controls of depositional environments on reservoir quality have been evaluated in terms of porosity and permeability of the Gabo Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Data used in this research include Well logs, Core data and photos, and grain size analysis for Wells 51 and 52 in the study area. Standard methods as applicable in petrophysical and sedimentological analysis has been adopted. Thirteen reservoir units have been identified in wells 51 and 52 which had 5 reservoirs cored each. The lithofacies units of the identified reservoirs across the study area, comprise pebbly sands, coarse -, medium -, fine- and very fine-grained sands, sandy mud, silty sands and heteroliths. The heteroliths – very fine-grained silty muds are highly bioturbated. Ophiomorpha and skolithos are the major trace fossils with sedimentary structures (ripple lamination, wavy lenticular and planar beds, cross bedded sands, coarsening and fining upward). The facies associations interpreted for the study area are Channel and Coastal barrier systems and the environment of deposition as distributary channel, upper and lower shoreface. The sedimentary processes that deposited facies ranged from high energy regimes, reworking by waves to low energy with periodic influx of silts and muds. The average porosity and permeability for reservoirs in Well 51 is 16.7% and 1317 Md, reservoirs in Well 52 is 28.2% and 2330Md whereas porosity range for the study area is 2% - 32% and permeability is 1.2 – 10600 Md. The reservoir quality reservoir of the sand units in Well 51 (7, 9 and 13) and Well 52 (5, 7, 9, 11 and 13) is excellent - good, this is because of the dynamics environments of deposition (upper shoreface and distributary channel) as well as the mechanisms that play out during deposition such as bioturbation, sorting, sedimentary structures formed. Whereas the poor quality across the reservoirs especially the lower shoreface and prodelta facies is as result of lack bioturbation, connectivity, multiplicity of burrows that may have been plugged by clay and intercalation of shale and sand (heteroliths). This research has shown that environments of deposition have direct influence the reservoir quality in terms of porosity and permeability.

scholarly journals Facies Analysis and Depositional Environments of the Late Palaeozoic Coal-Bearing Madzaringwe Formation in the Tshipise-Pafuri Basin, South Africa

ISRN Geology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntokozo Malaza ◽  
Kuiwu Liu ◽  
Baojin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Lower Member ◽  
Late Palaeozoic ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Middle Member

The late Palaeozoic coal-bearing Madzaringwe Formation of the Karoo Supergroup in the Tshipise-Pafuri Basin in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, records part of the infill of a passive continental margin terrain. Lithofacies analysis was performed with a view to deduce the nature of depositional environments of the Formation. Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic evidence indicates that this unit represents a complex siliciclastic facies that reflects a fluvial paleodepositional environment. Eleven facies, which were grouped into five facies associations, were recognised. The base of the Madzaringwe Formation (Lower Member) represents a sequence deposited by braided channels. The coal deposits represent flood plain and swamp deposits, which is characterised by shale, thick coal seams, siltstone, and sandstone. The Middle Member is characterised by both clast and matrix supported conglomerates, major tubular and lenticular sandstones, and finely calcareous, micaceous siltstone. The deposition represents a sequence being formed from fluvial and particularly braided channels. The crudely stratified, coarse to pebbly sandstone indicates channel lag deposits within a heavy loaded fluvial system. The fine-grained sandstone represents deposition by shift channel and side bar deposits during lower flow conditions. The Upper Member is characterised by facies associations similar to the Lower Member, representing a new depositional cyclothem.

Upper Middle Ordovician submarine fans and associated facies, northeast of Quebec City

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward S. Belt ◽  
Louise Bussières
Keyword(s):  
Source Region ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Turbidity Currents ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Submarine Fan ◽  
Bottom Currents ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Submarine Fans ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Carbonate Bank

Autochthonous upper Middle Ordovician strata northwest of Logan's Line and northeast of Quebec City have been subdivided into six facies types. One or more facies type characterizes the revised formations of our previous report (Belt et al.). These facies were deposited in the following depositional environments: moderately shallow carbonate bank; deeper carbonate slope and foot of slope; submarine fan; and basin plain. The submarine fan facies (Beaupré and Saint-Irénée Formations) contain the only facies with appreciable sandstone. The source region of the sandstones (determined by petrography and paleocurrents) lay to the southeast of Logan's Line. This source was uplifted and eroded during the early phases of the Taconic Orogeny. Turbidity currents and debris flows brought sand into a foredeep trough that lay between the mobile Taconic Orogen and the more stable Canadian Shield. During Trenton time, a carbonate bank developed on the margin of the shield, northwest of the trough axis. Olistostromes, produced by bank-edge collapse, slid southeast into the trough and intercalated with the Saint-Irénée sandy fan lobes derived from the other side of the foredeep basin. Bottom currents, reworking the sand, flowed southwest along the axis of the trough. Later, after regional foundering of the carbonate bank, a larger (Beaupré Formation) submarine fan developed in the foredeep basin. Bottom currents continued reworking the sands down the trough to the southwest.The submarine fans found in this region never developed some of the facies associations commonly expected of suprafan lobes. The initial fan facies consists of lenticular coarse and pebbly sandstone and shale that are only rarely organized into coarsening-up successions. No definite feeder channel deposits are found in the Saint-Irénée Formation although three are recognized in the middle Beaupré Formation at the type section. The presence of these channels plus the geometry of all Beaupré facies and the paleocurrent divergence show that these facies are not disorganized base-of-slope or basin-plain deposits, but best fit a submarine fan model.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE SLUMP STRUCTURES OF THE EARLY OLIGOCENE SEDIMENTS OF THE PRE-APULIAN ZONE (ANTIPAXOS ISLAND, NORTH-WESTERN GREECE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Karakitsios ◽  
M. Triantaphyllou ◽  
P. Panoussi
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Turbidity Currents ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
North Western ◽  
Basin System ◽  
Western Greece

A spectacular slump is observed in the Alpine sediments of the Antipaxos Island (Pre-Apulian zone, Western Greece). It can be followed in a zone of about 2000 m, in the eastern coast of the island. The slumped unit exposure length extends for more than 200 m, and is directly overlain and underlain by undeformed strata. The slump has an average thickness of 15 m and is composed, as the surrounding undeformed units, of calcareous mudstones and fine-grained calcareous sandstones. Synsedimentary folds that very often are transformed to contorted beds affect slump sediments. Fold and contorted bed axes present a NNW-SSE direction, coinciding with the general direction of the Pre-Apulian zone. Slump and overlain/underlain undeformed sediments originate from the flux of clastic mainly pelagic/neritic biogenic particles, emanating from turbidity currents. More than 50 samples have been collected and analyzed for calcareous nannofossil content. All samples were featured by the contemporaneous presence of abundant nannofossil flora implying the biostratigraphic correlation with the NP23 nannofossil biozone. The biostratigraphic assignment places the slump and the surrounding sediments to the Early Oligocene. As the Pre-Apulian zone corresponds to the slope between the Apulian Platform and the Ionian Basin, the presence of the slump is directly related to the same age sloping and tectonic mobility of this domain. The Antipaxos turbidites sediments are well integrated to the flysch deposition of the external Hellenide foreland basin system.

scholarly journals A FORMAÇÃO LAGOA FORMOSA, GRUPO BAMBUÍ (MG): SISTEMA DEPOSICIONAL DE LEQUE SUBMARINO EM BACIA DE ANTE-PAÍS

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Uhlein ◽  
Marcos Cristóvão Baptista ◽  
Hildor José Seer ◽  
Fabrício de Andrade Caxito ◽  
Gabriel Jubé Uhlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Submarine Fans ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Depositional System ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Depositional Systems ◽  
Brasiliano Orogeny

Na região de Lagoa Formosa e Carmo do Paranaíba (Alto Rio Paranaíba), situada no oeste de Minas Gerais, afloram rochas metassedimentares pertencentes ao Grupo Bambuí, rochas sedimentares cretácicas pertencentes ao Grupo Areado e rochas vulcânicas e vulcanoclásticas pertencentes ao Grupo Mata da Corda. As rochas neoproterozóicas do Grupo Bambuí, compreendem duas associações de fácies: associação de diamictitos maciços e associação de arenitos, conglomerados, siltitos e carbonatos. Estas associações são representadas por litologias variadas que envolvem contextos diferenciados de deposição. As associações de fácies descritas neste trabalho sugerem uma sedimentação dominada por fluxos gravitacionais subaquosos, com fluxos de detritos e lama e correntes de turbidez, que caracterizam uma sedimentação de leque submarino, em uma bacia do tipo foreland. Esta seqüência metassedimentar foi deformada no final da Orogênese Brasiliana, apresentando, principalmente, dobras assimétricas e foliação na forma de clivagem ardosiana.Palavras chave: Grupo Bambuí, sedimentação, estratigrafia, reconstituição paleogeográfica, bacia de ante-país. ABSTRACT: THE LAGOA FORMOSA FORMATION, BAMBUÍ GROUP (MG). SUBMARINE FAN DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEM IN FORELAND BASIN. On the Lagoa Formosa and Carmo do Paranaíba region, situated in western of Minas Gerais state, outcrop neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of Bambuí Group, remnants of cretaceous sedimentary rocks of Areado Group and volcanic rocks of Mata da Corda Group. The Neoproterozoic Bambuí Group shows two facies associations: (1) massive diamictites; (2) sandstones, conglomerates, laminated siltstones and carbonates association. These facies associations exhibit various lithology that involve different depositional systems. These facies associations suggest a slope and base-of-slope systems with subaqueous gravitational flows (submarine fans depositional systems) on a foreland basin context. This neoproterozoic sequence was deformed at the end of Brasiliano Orogeny (~600Ma), showing assymmetric folds and slaty cleavage.Keywords: Bambuí Group, sedimentation, stratigraphy, paleogeographic reconstitution, foreland basin.

Paleoecological analysis of molluscan assemblages from the middle Eocene Cowlitz Formation, southwestern Washington

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1060-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Nesbitt
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Infaunal Bivalve ◽  
Deposit Feeding ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Diversity

Molluscan assemblages from upper middle Eocene deposits of southwestern Washington represent a regional biotic system that provides independent evidence of a range of depositional environments in a delta. Four marine molluscan assemblages reflect a subtropical fauna that inhabited an inner neritic to upper bathyal gradient down the prodelta slope. Comparisons with Recent molluscan taxa indicate changing trophic structures from dominantly infaunal filter feeding in the shallow, coarser-grained substrate to dominantly infaunal deposit feeding in the fine-grained mud. A very high diversity of carnivorous gastropods indicates that the biocenosis included a wide array of predominantly errant, soft-bodied invertebrate prey. The most shallow marine assemblages show evidence of dense Turritella patches within infaunal bivalve-dominated associations, indicating mosaics of distribution across a soft-sediment substrate. Low diversity marginal-marine and freshwater assemblages show faunal links with each other. They indicate interdistributary bay and marsh environments that are commonly part of a river-dominated delta.

scholarly journals Chasing the 400 kyr pacing of deep-marine sandy submarine fans: Middle Eocene Aínsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees

2020 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. jgs2019-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Cantalejo ◽  
Kevin T. Pickering ◽  
Ken G. Miller ◽  
Conall Mac Niocaill
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Submarine Fans ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Spanish Pyrenees ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Anchor Points

In an attempt to understand the relative importance of climate and tectonics in modulating coarse-grained sediment flux to a tectonically active basin during what many researchers believe to be a greenhouse period, we have studied the Middle Eocene deep-marine Aínsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees. We use orbital tuning of many spectral gamma-ray-logged fine-grained siliciclastic sections, already shown to contain Milankovitch frequencies, in conjunction with a new high-resolution palaeomagnetic study through the basin sediments, to identify polarity reversals in the basin as anchor points to allow the conversion of a depth-stratigraphy to a chronostratigraphy. We use these data, in conjunction with a new age model incorporating new biostratigraphic data, to pace the development of the deep-marine sandy submarine fans over c. 8 million years. Timing for the sandy submarine fans shows that, unlike for the fine-grained interfan sediments, coarse-grained delivery to the basin was more complex. Approximately 72% of the sandy fans are potentially coincident with the long-eccentricity (400 kyr) minima and, therefore, potentially recording changing climate. The stratigraphic position of some sandy fans is at variance with this, specifically those that likely coincide with a period of known increased tectonic activity within the Aínsa Basin, which we propose represents the time when the basin was converted into a thrust-top basin (Gavarnie thrust sheet), presumably associated with rapid uplift and redeposition of coarse clastics into deep-marine environments. We also identify sub-Milankovitch climate signals such as the c. 41.5 Ma Late Lutetian Thermal Maximum. This study demonstrates the complex nature of drivers on deep-marine sandy fans in a tectonically active basin over c. 8 Myr. Findings of this study suggest that, even during greenhouse periods, sandy submarine fans are more likely linked with times of eccentricity minima and climate change, broadly consistent with the concept of lowstand fans. However, hysteresis effects in orogenic processes of mountain uplift, erosion and delivery of coarse siliciclastics via fluvial systems to coastal (deltaic) and shallow-marine environments likely contributed to the complex signals that we recognize, including the 2–3 Myr time gap between the onset of deep-marine fine-grained sediments in the early development of the Aínsa Basin and the arrival of the first sandy fans.Supplementary Materials: Filtered records for each of the analysed gamma-ray logged sections. Anchor points, SARs tables and graphs and alternative tuning sections are available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5132975

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