Major northwest-directed Caledonian thrusting and folding in Precambrian rocks, northwest Mayo, Ireland

1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Structural Mapping ◽  
Mafic Dykes ◽  
North West ◽  
Precambrian Rocks ◽  
The North ◽  
Subsequent Deformation

AbstractStructural mapping of the North West Mayo Inlier has investigated the kinematics of ductile fault and shear zones within the Dalradian and pre-Dalradian rocks. The area is characterized by an intense east to southeast trending elongation direction. Pre-Caledonian deformation is preserved as west-northwest trending sinistral mylonite zones. These are cross-cut by Grenville pegmatites and by undated mafic dykes. Subsequent deformation has been influenced by the majorbasement structures. During the Caledonian deformation, the pre-existing sinistral structures were reactivated coaxially as steep sinistral shear zones, deforming the mafic dykes. Major northwesterly verging thrusts are widespread in flat-lying zones which occur over much of the inlier. These are interpreted as D2 in age. The S2 fabric is the dominant fabric and contains an east to northeast trending mineral lineation. The southeastern part of the inlier is characterized by very large scale (wavelengths of kilometres) reclined D2 folding. This is interpreted as a crustal scale ramp zone. In the vicinity of this ramp there is evidence of earlier (F1) folds which are possibly the product of ramprelated deformation. All of these structures are interpreted as the product of northwest verging thrusting with crustal scale frontal and lateral ramps.

Deformation at the southern boundary of the late Archaean Atâ tonalite and the extent of Proterozoic reworking of the Disko terrane, West Greenland

1999 ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Grocott ◽  
Steven C. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Southern Boundary ◽  
Late Archaean ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Grocott, J., & Davies, S. C. (1999). Deformation at the southern boundary of the late Archaean Atâ tonalite and the extent of Proterozoic reworking of the Disko terrane, West Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 181, 155-169. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v181.5123 _______________ The c. 2800 Ma old Atâ tonalite in the area north-east of Disko Bugt, West Greenland has largely escaped both Archaean and Proterozoic regional deformation and metamorphism. At its southern margin the tonalite is in contact with migmatitic quartz-feldspar-biotite gneiss and to the south both are progressively deformed in a high-grade gneiss terrain. The main deformation in the high grade gneisses involved hanging wall north-west displacements on a system of low-angle ductile shear zones that structurally underlie the Atâ tonalite. This shear zone system is folded by a large-scale, steeply inclined and north-west-trending antiform defined by the change in dip of planar fabrics. Minor folds related to the antiform are present and there is some evidence that folding was synkinematic with emplacement of a suite of c. 1750 Ma old ultramafic lamprophyre dykes. In much of the north-east Disko Bugt area it remains difficult to separate Archaean from Proterozoic structures and hence the extent of the Archaean terrane that has escaped intense Proterozoic reworking remains uncertain.

SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SOVIET UNION TIMBER PROCESSING COMPLEX: THE IDEA BEHIND THE FIRST FIVE-YEAR PLAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Ivan V. ZYKIN
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Far East ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Regions

During the years of Soviet power, principal changes took place in the country’s wood industry, including in spatial layout development. Having the large-scale crisis in the industry in the late 1980s — 2000s and the positive changes in its functioning in recent years and the development of an industry strategy, it becomes relevant to analyze the experience of planning the spatial layout of the wood industry during the period of Stalin’s modernization, particularly during the first five-year plan. The aim of the article is to analyze the reason behind spatial layout of the Soviet wood industry during the implementation of the first five-year plan. The study is based on the modernization concept. In our research we conducted mapping of the wood industry by region as well as of planned construction of the industry facilities. It was revealed that the discussion and development of an industrialization project by the Soviet Union party-state and planning agencies in the second half of the 1920s led to increased attention to the wood industry. The sector, which enterprises were concentrated mainly in the north-west, west and central regions of the country, was set the task of increasing the volume of harvesting, export of wood and production to meet the domestic needs and the export needs of wood resources and materials. Due to weak level of development of the wood industry, the scale of these tasks required restructuring of the branch, its inclusion to the centralized economic system, the direction of large capital investments to the development of new forest areas and the construction of enterprises. It was concluded that according to the first five-year plan, the priority principles for the spatial development of the wood industry were the approach of production to forests and seaports, intrasectoral and intersectoral combining. The framework of the industry was meant to strengthen and expand by including forests to the economic turnover and building new enterprises in the European North and the Urals, where the main capital investments were sent, as well as in the Vyatka region, Transcaucasia, Siberia and the Far East.

scholarly journals Scaling up: Renewable energy on Aboriginal lands in north west Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Riley
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aboriginal Lands

This paper examines renewable energy developments on Aboriginal lands in North-West Western Australia at three scales. It first examines the literature developing in relation to large scale renewable energy projects and the Native Title Act (1993)Cwlth. It then looks to the history of small community scale standalone systems. Finally, it examines locally adapted approaches to benefit sharing in remote utility owned networks. In doing so this paper foregrounds the importance of Aboriginal agency. It identifies Aboriginal decision making and economic inclusion as being key to policy and project development in the 'scaling up' of a transition to renewable energy resources in the North-West.

scholarly journals Searching for intergalactic star forming regions in Stephan’s Quintet with SITELLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. A102 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duarte Puertas ◽  
J. Iglesias-Páramo ◽  
J. M. Vilchez ◽  
L. Drissen ◽  
C. Kehrig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dwarf Galaxy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Large Field ◽  
North West ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Star Forming Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Spectral Ranges

Stephan’s Quintet (SQ), the prototypical compact group of galaxies in the local Universe, has been observed with the imaging Fourier transform spectrometer SITELLE, attached to the Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope, to perform a deep search for intergalactic star-forming emission. In this paper we present the extended ionised gaseous structures detected and analyse their kinematical properties. The large field of view (11′ × 11′) and the spectral ranges of SITELLE have allowed a thorough study of the entire galaxy system, its interaction history and the main properties of the ionised gas. The observations have revealed complex three-dimensional strands in SQ seen for the first time, as well as the spatially resolved velocity field for a new SQ dwarf galaxy (M 82-like) and the detailed spectral map of NGC 7320c, confirming its AGN nature. A total of 175 SQ Hα emission regions have been found, 22 of which present line profiles with at least two kinematical components. We studied 12 zones and 28 sub-zones in the SQ system in order to define plausible physical spatial connections between its different parts in the light of the kinematical information gathered. In this respect we have found five velocity systems in SQ: (i) v = [5600−5900] km s−1 associated with the new intruder and the southern debris region; (ii) v = [5900−6100] km s−1, associated with the north starburst A and south starburst A and the strands connected to these zones; (iii) v = [6100−6600] km s−1, associated with the strands from the large-scale shock region (LSSR); (iv) v = [6600−6800] km s−1, associated with the young tidal tail, the starburst A (SQA), NGC 7319, and the NGC 7319 north lobe; and (v) v = [6800−7000] km s−1, associated with the strands seen connecting LSSR with SQA. We fail to detect ionised gas emission in the old tail, neither in the vicinity of NGC 7318A nor in NGC 7317, and the connection between NGC 7319 north lobe and SQA cannot be confirmed. Conversely, a clear gaseous bridge has been confirmed both spatially and kinematically between the LSSR zone and the NGC 7319 AGN nucleus. Finally, a larger scale, outer rim winding the NGC 7318B/A system clockwise north-west to south-east has been highlighted in continuum and in Hα. This structure may be reminiscent of a sequence of a previously proposed scenario for SQ a sequence of individual interactions.

IV. Sir Charles MacGregor and the Defence of India,1857–1887

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Preston
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Military Power ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
National Defence ◽  
Peculiar Nature

If anyone could be claimed the father of the school for the scientific study of Indian defence policy it would undoubtedly be Sir Charles Metcalfe MacGregor. With the re-opening of the Central Asian Question in the early 1860s, it became MacGregor's mission in life completely to recast the Indian defence structure and it counter-insurrectionary role to enable it to undertake large-scale offensive operations against a major European military power. Almost single-handedly, he began to create the machinery within the Indian Army establishment—the special departments, professional institutes, journals and literature—to stimulate a greater awareness of the special and peculiar nature of Indian defence problems that this new role involved, and to encourage an iconoclastic re-examination of prevailing defence assumptions. From MacGregor's groundwork there was logically bound to arise a sense of Indian Army professionalism separate and distinct from that of Great Britain, and the beginnings of the belief that obligations of national defence are inseparable from nationhood. It was MacGregor who first appreciated on the basis of systematic and scientific study that India constituted a vast manpower reservoir, greater than that of Ireland and Egypt together, upon which Britain relied for the prosecution of her imperial, military and foreign policies in the East; that the North-West Frontier presented the only strategic boundary that Britain had to defend; and that the geo-strategic and demographic facts of her existence had made India potentially a great military power bound to adopt a ‵Continental′ military policy and defence structure in many respects parallel to those of the major European military powers.

Geological evolution of the northwestern Superior Province: Clues from geology, kinematics, and geochronology in the Gods Lake Narrows area, Oxford–Stull terrane, Manitoba

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 749-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lin ◽  
D W Davis ◽  
E Rotenberg ◽  
M T Corkery ◽  
A H Bailes
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Superior Province ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Evolution ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Andean Type ◽  
Tectonic Interpretation

The study of lithology, geochronology, and structure in the Oxford–Stull terrane, in particular in the Gods Lake Narrows area, has led to the recognition of three distinct supracrustal sequences: ~2.8–2.9 Ga volcanic rocks; a ~2720 Ma fault-bounded package of volcanics and sandstones; and ~2705 Ma conglomerate and alkaline volcanic rocks of the Oxford Lake Group. Detrital zircon as old as 3647 Ma is present in the Oxford Lake Group. An early generation of folding and shearing occurred prior to deposition of the Oxford Lake Group and was probably synchronous with emplace ment of 2721 Ma tonalite dykes. The second generation of deformation caused south-over-north thrusting of volcanic rocks over the Oxford Lake Group. The youngest fabric resulted from east-southeast-trending, dextral, south-over-north shearing. The youngest rock dated in the area is the 2668 ± 1 Ma Magill Lake pluton, which records crustal melting following deformation. The pattern of sedimentation and deformation in this area is similar to but slightly older than that found in the southern half of the Superior Province, which shows a southward-younging diachroneity. The south-dipping north-vergent shear zones observed in the area contrast with dominantly north-dipping south-vergent structures observed and interpreted south of the North Caribou superterrane (NCS). The limited size of the study area precludes any strongly based large-scale tectonic interpretation; however, data and observations from the Gods Lake Narrows area are most easily accommodated in a model where the NCS served as a nucleus onto which other terranes were accreted and both the northern and southern margins of the NCS were Andean-type continental margins with opposite subduction polarities.

scholarly journals Sub-national forecasts of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across the UK: a large-scale cross-sectional spatial modelling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. de Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Imperial College ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Highest Posterior Density

IntroductionThere is evidence of decreasing uptake of routine immunisations in the UK in recent years. As the United Kingdom begins a mass vaccination campaign with a novel COVID-19 vaccine, it is unclear whether refusal of the vaccine in some regions and among some socio-economic groups will pose challenges for achieving herd/community immunity against SARS-CoV-2.MethodsThis study estimates uptake of a COVID-19 at unprecedented spatial resolution across the UK using a large-scale survey and state-of-the-art Bayesian statistical methods for estimating public opinion. Between 24 September and 14 October 2020, 17,684 individuals are surveyed in a cross-sectional online survey design. Regions and socio-economic groups who may be more resistant towards a new vaccine are identified using multilevel regression and poststratification. Gibbs sampling is used for Bayesian model inference, with uncertainty in parameter estimates captured via 95% highest posterior density intervals.FindingsThis study predicts that clusters of non-vaccinators will likely emerge in many regions across the UK, most notably in London (which has 13 of the 20 lowest ranking regions) and the North West (which has four, including Greater Manchester and Liverpool). Males are much more likely to state intent to accept the vaccine than females (OR 1·59, 1·47 to 1·73); while Muslims are less likely than atheists / agnostics (0·75, 0·57 to 0·96), Black / Black British are less likely than Whites (0·47, 0·38 to 0·60), and Polish speakers (0·45, 0·31 to 0·63) are less likely than those who primarily speak English or Welsh. Across the UK, 8·7% (8·2 to 9·2%) state that they would “definitely not” accept a vaccine, but less than half (47·5%, 46·5 to 48·5%) say they would “definitely” accept a COVID-19 vaccine, with a substantial proportion unsure.InterpretationThe study findings are extremely important in the context of achieving herd/community immunity. Low predicted acceptance rates in parts of London and the North West are of particular concern as many of these regions have among the highest rates of COVID-19 infection across the UK: low vaccine uptake in these regions may result in disease “hotspots” that amplify the spread of the disease and require increases in vaccination levels in adjacent regions to provide nationwide herd/community immunity. It is therefore extremely important to identify such regions, and to engage with communities within them in advance of vaccination rollout to the population at large. Encouragingly, intent to accept a COVID-19 vaccine is higher among older age-groups, who are among the first to receive a COVID-19 vaccine.Declaration of InterestsThe Author is involved in Vaccine Confidence Project collaborative grants with GlaxoSmithKline outside the submitted work.FundingThis project was funded by the Imperial College COVID-19 Response Fund.Ethical ApprovalApproval for this study was obtained via the Imperial College Research Ethics Committee on 24 July 2020 with reference 20IC6133.

PESA production and development review 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Geoff Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Skills Shortages

Australian hydrocarbon production reached record levels in 2009 due to strong growth in production of LNG from the North West Shelf Venture. Domestic gas production also reached record levels. Coal seam gas production continued to grow, with the continuing development of existing fields and the development of the Kenya and Talinga projects in Queensland. Two new conventional gas projects also came into production: Blacktip in the Timor Sea and Longtom in the Gippsland Basin. However oil production was below that in the previous year, reflecting natural field decline and the absence of large scale projects reaching production. The project sanction highlight of the year was the final investment decision on the $43 billion Gorgon LNG project. This project will comprise three LNG trains with total capacity of 15 million tonnes per annum plus a domestic gas plant. The first gas from this project is planned for 2014. Eight other potential LNG projects are in various stages of front end engineering and design, most targeting final investment decisions in 2010 or 2011. The pipeline of committed and potential LNG projects has a combined value estimated to be well over $100 billion. These projects have the potential to significantly increase Australian LNG production over the next five to ten years. In the near term the start-up of the Van Gogh, Pyrenees and Turrum oil projects are expected to provide some respite from the decline in Australian oil production. Cost estimates for new projects are again escalating and skills shortages in all parts of the project delivery chain threaten the ability to deliver all of the projects under consideration.

Jellyfish abundance and climatic variation: contrasting responses in oceanographically distinct regions of the North Sea, and possible implications for fisheries

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Lynam ◽  
Stephen J. Hay ◽  
Andrew S. Brierley
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Current Strength ◽  
Aurelia Aurita ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Negative Relationships

Jellyfish medusae prey on zooplankton and may impact fish recruitment both directly (top-down control) and indirectly (through competition). Abundances of Aurelia aurita, Cyanea lamarckii and Cyanea capillata medusae (Scyphozoa) in the North Sea appear to be linked to large-scale inter-annual climatic change, as quantified by the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI), the Barents Sea-Ice Index (BSII) and changes in the latitude of the Gulf Stream North Wall (GSNW). Hydroclimatic forcing may thus be an important factor influencing the abundance of gelatinous zooplankton and may modulate the scale of any ecosystem impact of jellyfish. The population responses are probably also affected by local variability in the environment manifested in intra-annual changes in temperature, salinity, current strength/direction and prey abundance. Aurelia aurita and C. lamarckii in the north-west and south-east North Sea exhibited contrasting relationships to change in the NAOI and BSII: north of Scotland, where the North Sea borders the Atlantic, positive relationships were evident between the abundance of scyphomedusae (data from 1974 to 1986, except 1975) and the indices; whereas west of northern Denmark, a region much less affected by Atlantic inflow, negative relationships were found (data from 1973 to 1983, except 1974). Weaker negative relationships with the NAOI were also found in an intermediate region, east of Scotland, for the abundance of A. aurita and C. capillata medusae (1971 to 1982). East of Shetland, the abundance of jellyfish was not correlated directly with the NAOI but, in contrast to all other regions, the abundances of A. aurita and C. lamarckii (1971 to 1986, not 1984) were found to correlate negatively with changes in the GSNW, which itself was significantly positively correlated to the NAOI with a two year lag. On this evidence, we suggest that, for jellyfish, there exist three regions of the North Sea with distinct environmental processes governing species abundance: one north of Scotland, another east of Shetland, and a more southerly group (i.e. east of Scotland and west of northern Denmark). Impacts by jellyfish are likely to vary regionally, and ecosystem management may benefit from considering this spatial variability.

scholarly journals Water balance of rice plots under three different cultivation methods: first season results

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Antonio Chiaradia ◽  
Arianna Facchi ◽  
Olfa Gharsallah ◽  
Marco Romani ◽  
Gian Battista Bischetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Aerobic Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Methods

In the last years rice cultivation methods have been the object of an intense research activity aiming to implement new irrigation methods in addition to traditional flooding, in order to reduce water use. This change has concerned also the traditional paddy-rice territories of the north-west of Italy, where rice has been traditionally cultivated as flooded and where paddy fields are a strong landscape landmark and represent a central feature in the Italian and European network for nature protection. The new techniques introduced in these territories consist in a dry seeding followed by field flooding after about one month (third-fourth leaf), and in a full aerobic cultivation with intermittent irrigations, similarly to standard irrigated crops. This paper presents the results obtained after the first year of a monitoring activity carried out at the Ente Nazionale Risi Experimental Station of Castello d’Agogna-Mortara (PV, Italy), where the main terms of water balance have been measured or estimated during the whole crop season. Because there is a substantial lack of data concerning the water balance related to the new water management techniques, the data are of wide interest despite this study covered only one season. The results here presented show that dry seeding-delayed flooding method required a rather similar amount of water respect to the traditional flooding method (2200 mm and 2491 mm, respectively), whereas the aerobic technique required one order of magnitude less water (298 mm), also due to the very shallow depth of the surface aquifer. Since evapotranspiration was nearly the same for the three methods (578 mm, 555 mm, and 464 mm, respectively for traditional flooded, dry seeding-delayed flooding and aerobic methods), percolation was very high in the case of the two flooded methods and very limited in the case of the aerobic cultivation with intermittent irrigations. These results suggest that, if the aerobic cultivation of rice represents a highly effective water-saving technique at the field scale, at the same time if applied on a large scale in traditional paddy areas, as the north-west of Italy, it could be a potential threat for groundwater dynamics, due to the dramatic decrease of groundwater recharge, and in general for traditional landscape conservation and nature protection.

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