The Classification of the Ordovician Rocks

1937 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 481-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Elles
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic

The classification of the British Ordovician Rocks has gone through many phases of instability in the past, and at the present time seems to be passing through another such phase. There are probably many causes contributing to this state of things, two of which seem to be fundamental; the first, the differentfacies of development exhibited in different districts by the formations making up the system; the second, the varied elements entering into the composition of the shallow water faunas apart from the considerations of facies; these would seem to be governed largely by possibilities of migration into the British region of the Lower Palaeozoic geosyncline from different directions, i.e. from America, from Northern Europe, and from Central Europe, so that a different type of “shelly” fauna characterizes the north-west and south-east margins.

scholarly journals WEAPONS MADE FROM METAL, STONE AND BONE FROM THE CHEKON SETTLEMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
С. Н. Кореневский ◽  
А. И. Юдин
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The North ◽  
Krasnodar Region

В статье рассматриваются новые находки предметов вооружения бронзы, камня и кости на поселении Чекон Анапского района Краснодарского края. Они все найдены в ямах культурного слоя памятника и датируются второй половиной IV - началом III тыс. до н. э. Особо примечателен бронзовый топор. Он относится к группе 2.2 майкопско-новосвободненской общности. Каменные топоры представлены обломками орудий и явно связаны с местным производством. Находки каменных топоров на поселениях майкопско-новосвободненской общности -большая редкость. По особенностям формы находки с поселения Чекон относятся к топорам с округлым каплевидным обухом (Rundnackenaxte - по номенклатуре топоров Центральной Европы) и двулезвийным (Doppelaxte). Топоры с округлым обухом имеют аналогии среди каменных орудий Южного Кавказа, но более среди топоров Центральной и Северной Европы. Возникает вопрос - как такая форма оружия попала в Причерноморскую зону к племенам майкопско-новосвободненской общности. Многочисленные находки подобных орудий на поселении Чекон отражают интенсивные военные действия на этом локальном участке на позднем этапе и в конце существования майкопско-новосвободненской общности. The paper discusses new finds of weapons made of bronze, stone and bone retrieved from the Chekon settlement in the Anapa district, Krasnodar region. All weapon items were discovered in the pits of the occupation layer; they date to the second half of the IV - early III mill. BC. The bronze axe is particularly noteworthy. It is attributed to group 2.2 of the Maykop-Novosvobodnaya culture. Stone axes have been preserved in fragments and are clearly linked to local production. Stone axes are rare finds at the Maykop-Novosvobodnaya settlements. Regarding the distinctive features of the shape, the Chekon axes are referred to the axes with a round dropshaped butt (Rundnackenaxte according to the classification of axes in Central Europe) and two-bladed axes (Doppelaxte). Axes with a round drop-shaped butt have analogies among stone weapons of the South Caucasus, but more frequently, among axes of Central and Northern Europe. These analogies pose the problem of how such a form of weapons ended up at the sites of the North Pontic region of the Maykop-Novosvobodnaya community. Numerous finds of similar weapons at Chekon reflect intensive military operations in this locality during the late stage and the final stage of Maykop-Novosvobodnaya community.

scholarly journals Twenty-year temporal and regional trends in heart transplantation in Europe: results from the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation (GODT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Manla ◽  
F.J Al Badarin ◽  
M Soliman ◽  
L Gobolos ◽  
F Alsindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
P Value ◽  
Heart Transplants ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regional Trends

Abstract Introduction Heart transplant (HT) remains the only cure for patients with advanced heart failure. However, limited supply of donors continues to be the main obstacle to growing transplant programs around the world. Since population changes are not uniform, describing temporal trends in availability of donors and in number of transplanted hearts will provide better understanding of regional variations in organ availability and allocation. Purpose We aim to evaluate temporal and regional trends in number of brain-dead donors (BDDs) and its association with the number of heart transplants (HTs) in Europe between 2000 and 2019. Methods Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation (GODT) represents the world's most comprehensive source of data on organ donation and transplantation. Available data were collected for all European countries for the years (2000–2019) except for the year 2005. Geographical classification (north, west, central, south) was made according to EuroVoc definition. Trends of HTs and BDDs were assessed using Joinpoint Software of the National Cancer Institute to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and reported as per million population (PMP). The linear correlation coefficient was assessed using R studio. Results Over the past two decades, there was a 35% increase in HTs PMP rate in Europe from the year 2000 to 2019 with an APC of 1.4% (95% CI [1.1–1.7], P<.0001). This change was more pronounced in Central Europe, where HTs PMP rate increased from 0.65 in 2000 to 2.93 in 2019 (APC 9.9% (95% CI [8.1–11.8], P<.0001)) and in Northern Europe, where HTs PMP rate increased from 2.97 in 2000 to 5.18 in 2019 (APC 2.7% (95% CI [1.8–3.7], P<.0001)) (Figure 1). Despite the increase in BDDs in Europe between 2000–2019 (from 3.62 to 12.25 donors PMP) (Figure 2), the association between increased BDDs and HTs varied between regions, with a very strong association in Central Europe (r=0.95, P<0.0001) and strong correlation in Northern Europe (r=0.64, P=0.003). However, positive correlation between BDDs and HTs was not seen in Southern or Western Europe (r=−0.52, p-value=0.02, r=0.02, p-value=0.94, respectively). Conclusion The number of BDDs has increased in Europe in the past two decades with a concomitant increase in HT volumes. A regional variation in the relationship between the number of BDDs and HTs was observed among European subregions, such that it was most pronounced in Central Europe. Understanding the reasons underlying these disparities can potentially inform improvement in organ allocation systems throughout Europe. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

scholarly journals Ensemble models on palaeoclimate to predict India's groundwater challenge

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Sarathi Datta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Ensemble Models ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
14C Age

In many parts of the world, freshwater crisis is largely due to increasing water consumption and pollution by rapidly growing population and aspirations for economic development, but, ascribed usually to the climate. However, limited understanding and knowledge gaps in the factors controlling climate and uncertainties in the climate models are unable to assess the probable impacts on water availability in tropical regions. In this context, review of ensemble models on δ18O and δD in rainfall and groundwater, 3H- and 14C- ages of groundwater and 14C- age of lakes sediments helped to reconstruct palaeoclimate and long-term recharge in the North-west India; and predict future groundwater challenge. The annual mean temperature trend indicates both warming/cooling in different parts of India in the past and during 1901–2010. Neither the GCMs (Global Climate Models) nor the observational record indicates any significant change/increase in temperature and rainfall over the last century, and climate change during the last 1200 yrs BP. In much of the North-West region, deep groundwater renewal occurred from past humid climate, and shallow groundwater renewal from limited modern recharge over the past decades. To make water management to be more responsive to climate change, the gaps in the science of climate change need to be bridged.

II.—Notes on the Pleistocene of the North-West Territories of Canada, North-West and West of Hudson Bay

1894 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burr Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
Geological Survey ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
North West Territories

In the extreme northernmost part of Canada, lying between North Latitudes 56° and 68° and West Longitudes 88° and 112°, is an area of about 400,000 square miles, which had up to the past two years remained geologically unexplored.In 1892 the Director of the Geological Survey of Canada sent the writer to explore the country north of Churchill River, and south-west of Lake Athabasca;in1893 the exploration was continued northward, along the north shore of Athabasca Lake

scholarly journals Artificial Neural Networks for Satellite Image Classification of Shoreline Extraction for Land and Water Classes of the North West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1382-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syaifulnizam Abd Manaf ◽  
Norwati Mustapha ◽  
Md. Nasir Sulaiman ◽  
Nor Azura Husin ◽  
Mohd Radzi Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Artificial Neural

scholarly journals The Sjælland Fjelde Formation: a new Ordovician formation from eastern North Greenland

1986 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
J.R Ineson ◽  
J.S Peel ◽  
M.P Smith
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
North West ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
The North ◽  
New Formation ◽  
North Greenland

The name Sjælland Fjelde Formation is introduced for a varied sequence of shallow-water platform dolomites and dolomitic limestones, about 105 m in thickness, in Kronprins Christian Land, eastern North Greenland. The new formation lies between the previously described Wandel Valley and Børglum River Formations. Conodont faunas indicate that the Sjælland Fjelde Formation is of Middle to earliest Late Whiterockian (early Middle Ordovician) age and that it can be eorrelated with the upper part of the Wandel Valley Formation of Peary Land to the north-west.

III.—The Pre-Cambrian Rocks of Wales

1893 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Henry Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
British Isles ◽  
The West ◽  
British Geological Survey ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lithological Character

In a recent article on the Pre-Cambrian Rocks of the British Isles in the Journal of Geology, vol. i., No. 1, Sir Archibald Geikie makes the following statement: “There cannot, I think, be now any doubt that small tracts of gneiss, quite comparable in lithological character to portions of the Lewisian rocks of the North-West of Scotland, rise to the surface in a few places in England and Wales. In the heart of Anglesey, for example, a tract of such rocks presents some striking external or scenic resemblance to the characteristic types of ground where the oldest gneiss forms the surface in Scotland and the West of Ireland.” To those who have followed the controversy which has been going on for nearly thirty years between the chiefs of the British Geological Survey and some geologists who have been working amongst the rocks in Wales, the importance of the above admission will be readily apparent; but as it is possible that some may be unable to realize what such an admission means in showing geological progress in unravelling the history of the older rocks in Wales during the past thirty years, a brief summary of the results obtained may possibly be considered useful.

scholarly journals Words Don't Come Easy: How Male Prisoners' Difficulties Identifying and Discussing Feelings Relate to Suicide and Violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hemming ◽  
Peer Bhatti ◽  
Jennifer Shaw ◽  
Gillian Haddock ◽  
Daniel Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Harm Minimization ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Male Prisoners

Suicide and violence are prevalent within male prisons in the UK. It has been suggested that alexithymia may be associated with both suicide and violence. Alexithymia can be defined as an inability to identify or discuss emotions. The present study aimed to qualitatively explore male prisoners' experiences of alexithymia and how these experiences may relate to suicide and violence. Fifteen male prisoners were recruited from two prisons in the North West of England. All participants had experienced suicidal and/or violent thoughts and/or behaviors in the past 3 months, and all screened positive on an established measure of alexithymia. Participants took part in a qualitative interview during which they were also given the opportunity to provide drawings of their emotions. Data were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis, with a collaborative approach taken between researchers and an individual with lived experience of residing in prison. The results indicated that male prisoners tended not to talk about their emotions with others, due to external pressures of residing in prison in addition to internal difficulties with recognizing and articulating emotions. Not discussing emotions with others was associated with a build-up of emotions which could result in either an emotional overload or an absence of emotions. Both experiences were perceived to be associated with hurting self or others, however, participants also identified a “safety valve” where it was acknowledged that using more adaptive approaches to releasing emotions could prevent harm to self and others. These findings suggest three main clinical implications; (1) a cultural shift in male prisons is needed which encourages open communication of emotions (2) individualized support is needed for those identified as experiencing a difficulty in recognizing and articulating emotions and (3) prison staff should encourage alternative ways of releasing emotions such as by using harm minimization or distraction techniques.

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