scholarly journals Twenty-year temporal and regional trends in heart transplantation in Europe: results from the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation (GODT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Manla ◽  
F.J Al Badarin ◽  
M Soliman ◽  
L Gobolos ◽  
F Alsindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
P Value ◽  
Heart Transplants ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regional Trends

Abstract Introduction Heart transplant (HT) remains the only cure for patients with advanced heart failure. However, limited supply of donors continues to be the main obstacle to growing transplant programs around the world. Since population changes are not uniform, describing temporal trends in availability of donors and in number of transplanted hearts will provide better understanding of regional variations in organ availability and allocation. Purpose We aim to evaluate temporal and regional trends in number of brain-dead donors (BDDs) and its association with the number of heart transplants (HTs) in Europe between 2000 and 2019. Methods Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation (GODT) represents the world's most comprehensive source of data on organ donation and transplantation. Available data were collected for all European countries for the years (2000–2019) except for the year 2005. Geographical classification (north, west, central, south) was made according to EuroVoc definition. Trends of HTs and BDDs were assessed using Joinpoint Software of the National Cancer Institute to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and reported as per million population (PMP). The linear correlation coefficient was assessed using R studio. Results Over the past two decades, there was a 35% increase in HTs PMP rate in Europe from the year 2000 to 2019 with an APC of 1.4% (95% CI [1.1–1.7], P<.0001). This change was more pronounced in Central Europe, where HTs PMP rate increased from 0.65 in 2000 to 2.93 in 2019 (APC 9.9% (95% CI [8.1–11.8], P<.0001)) and in Northern Europe, where HTs PMP rate increased from 2.97 in 2000 to 5.18 in 2019 (APC 2.7% (95% CI [1.8–3.7], P<.0001)) (Figure 1). Despite the increase in BDDs in Europe between 2000–2019 (from 3.62 to 12.25 donors PMP) (Figure 2), the association between increased BDDs and HTs varied between regions, with a very strong association in Central Europe (r=0.95, P<0.0001) and strong correlation in Northern Europe (r=0.64, P=0.003). However, positive correlation between BDDs and HTs was not seen in Southern or Western Europe (r=−0.52, p-value=0.02, r=0.02, p-value=0.94, respectively). Conclusion The number of BDDs has increased in Europe in the past two decades with a concomitant increase in HT volumes. A regional variation in the relationship between the number of BDDs and HTs was observed among European subregions, such that it was most pronounced in Central Europe. Understanding the reasons underlying these disparities can potentially inform improvement in organ allocation systems throughout Europe. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

The Classification of the Ordovician Rocks

1937 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 481-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Elles
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic

The classification of the British Ordovician Rocks has gone through many phases of instability in the past, and at the present time seems to be passing through another such phase. There are probably many causes contributing to this state of things, two of which seem to be fundamental; the first, the differentfacies of development exhibited in different districts by the formations making up the system; the second, the varied elements entering into the composition of the shallow water faunas apart from the considerations of facies; these would seem to be governed largely by possibilities of migration into the British region of the Lower Palaeozoic geosyncline from different directions, i.e. from America, from Northern Europe, and from Central Europe, so that a different type of “shelly” fauna characterizes the north-west and south-east margins.

Do National Homicide Rates Follow Supranational Trends?

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-727
Author(s):  
Meghan L. Rogers ◽  
William Alex Pridemore
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Homicide Victimization ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Global Trend

Objectives: We explored supranational trends in national homicide rates. We searched for a global trend, regional trends, and trends specific to other theoretically relevant groups of nations. We also tested two common metanarratives—modernization and conflict—as potential explanations for any global trend present in homicide rates. Method: We obtained annual homicide victimization rates for 94 nations between 1979 and 2013. We examined year-to-year differences, squared semipartial correlation coefficients to search for supranational trends, and pooled cross-sectional mixed models to test potential explanations of any global trend. Results: There was a very weak global homicide trend. We found strong regional trends in Eastern Europe and in Northern Europe, a weak trend for South and Central America, and no trend for Asia. Both wealthy and nonwealthy nations exhibited weak trends. Transitional nations shared a strong homicide trend. Modernization and conflict theories fared poorly as explanations for the weak global trend. Conclusions: The presence or absence of supranational homicide trends holds significant implications for theory. A weak global trend is evidence against widely held metanarratives such as the modernization, civilizing, and conflict perspectives. Strong subregional homicide trends in Eastern Europe and Northern Europe demand further exploration and should shift popular attention away from Western Europe. The lack of a homicide trend in developed or developing nations and the presence of a strong trend among transitional nations are curious features requiring further consideration.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Incidence of Osteoarthritis: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4282
Author(s):  
Rola Hamood ◽  
Matanya Tirosh ◽  
Noga Fallach ◽  
Gabriel Chodick ◽  
Elon Eisenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
P Value ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Care Database

While trends data of osteoarthritis (OA) are accumulating, primarily from Western Europe and the US, a gap persists in the knowledge of OA epidemiology in Middle Eastern populations. This study aimed to explore the prevalence, incidence, correlations, and temporal trends of OA in Israel during 2013–2018, using a nationally representative primary care database. On 31 December 2018, a total of 180,126 OA patients were identified, representing a point prevalence of 115.3 per 1000 persons (95% CI, 114.8–115.8 per 1000 persons). Geographically, OA prevalence was not uniformly distributed, with the Southern and Northern peripheral districts having a higher prevalence than the rest of the Israeli regions. OA incidence increased over time from 7.36 per 1000 persons (95% CI 6.21–7.50 per 1000 persons) in 2013 to 8.23 per 1000 persons (95% CI 8.09–8.38 per 1000 persons) in 2017 (p-value for trend = 0.02). The incidence was lowest in patients under 60 years (in both sexes) and peaked at 60–70 years. In older ages, the incidence leveled off in men and declined in women. The growing risk of OA warrants a greater attention to timely preventive and therapeutic interventions. Further population-based studies in the Middle East are needed to identify modifiable risk factors for timely preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Policing the Subject: Confessional Absolutism and Communal Autonomy in Eighteenth-Century Austria

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Regina Pörtner
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

If proverbial wisdom predicts longevity to the falsely proclaimed dead, then the paradigm of absolutism and its confessional variant must surely be considered a prime example. Having drawn intense fire from scholars of Western Europe over the past two decades, the concept of absolutism has recently been given a fresh lease of life by research, exploring and, to some extent, vindicating its applicability in the context of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Central Europe. Given the evolutionary nature of the making of the early modern Austrian-Habsburg monarchy, the complexity of its constitutional, religious, and ethnic makeup, and the waywardness of some of its governing personnel, it seems doubtful if future research will ever be able to satisfactorily clarify the relationship between the political aspirations of individual Austrian rulers, among whom Ferdinand II arguably made the most serious bid for absolute rule, and the practice of negotiated power that characterized the normal state of relations between the Crown and the monarchy's estates.

Abstract 13249: Temporal Trends in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Bystander CPR and Defibrillation Following Implementation of Citizen Responder Programs

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Kollander Jakobsen ◽  
Sidsel Gamborg Moeller ◽  
Kristian Bundgaard Ringgren ◽  
Amalie Lykkemark Moeller ◽  
Linn Andelius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
P Value ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Residential Locations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: In Denmark, survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has increased markedly in the past years, from 3.9% in 2001 to 15.8% in 2019. Still, bystander defibrillation remains low, especially for OHCAs in residential areas. To improve bystander defibrillation, smartphone activated Citizen Responder (CR) Programs have expanded to nationwide coverage in Denmark during September 2017 to May 2020. Hypothesis: Implementation of CR programs in Denmark was associated with increased bystander CPR and defibrillation. Methods: We conducted an observational study of 15,308 OHCAs from the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry from 2016-2019. App-based CR programs were implemented in four out of five Danish regions during the study period. All OHCAs were divided into two groups according to the date of CR implementation (“before” and “after CR” implementation). The groups were compared focusing on bystander defibrillation, bystander CPR and 30-day survival. Results: “Before CR” included 8,819 OHCAs and the “after CR” 6,489 OHCAs. The proportion of bystander CPR was 77.9% and 78.0% (p-value 0.91) for the before -and after CR implementation groups, respectively. The corresponding numbers for bystander defibrillation were 7.4% and 9.5% (p-value < 0.001), respectively. In residential OHCA, bystander defibrillation went from 4.0% to 6.3% (p-value<0.001) in the before -and after group respectively. In public, bystander defibrillation was 19.3% and 22.2% (p-value 0.05) in the groups respectively. 30-day survival was 12.7% before and 13.1% after CR implementation (p-value 0.49). Conclusion: We found no changes in bystander CPR or 30-day survival following implementation of CR programs in Denmark, but a significant increase in bystander defibrillation for all OHCAs. Importantly bystander defibrillation also increased significantly in residential locations, where the majority of OHCAs occur and where bystander defibrillation has remained low for decades.

The summers of 1531–1540 in Central Europe: The driest decade of the past five centuries?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
Petr Dobrovolný ◽  
Andrea Kiss ◽  
Piotr Oliński ◽  
Ladislava Řezníčková
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Documentary Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Instrumental Records ◽  
Czech Lands

&lt;p&gt;The summers of 1531&lt;strong&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/strong&gt;1540 in the Czech Lands were, according to three drought indices (SPI, SPEI, Z-index) reconstructed from the Czech documentary evidence and instrumental records (Br&amp;#225;zdil et al., Clim. Res., 2016), the driest decade during the past five centuries. Based on documentary data, dry patterns of different intensity (represented e.g. by dry spells, low number of precipitation days, drying rivers and lack of water sources, frequent fires) for central Europe (Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary) were well expressed for summers in 1532, 1534&amp;#8211;1536, 1538 and particularly in 1540. Summer droughts derived from documentary data in central Europe were confronted with gridded summer precipitation totals reconstructed from instrumental, documentary and selected natural proxies (Pauling et al., Clim. Dyn., 2006) and further with summer scPDSI reconstructed from tree-ring widths in the Old World Drought Atlas &amp;#8211; OWDA (Cook et al., Sci. Adv., 2015). While in precipitation reconstruction summers of 1531&amp;#8211;1540 represented the driest decade of the past 500 years in central Europe, according to scPDSI from OWDA it was the ninth driest decade, despite quite important spatial differences in the occurrence of drier and wetter areas between both reconstructions. From the analysis it follows that particularly the summers of 1534, 1536, 1538 and 1540 were dry not only in central Europe, but also over greater parts of western Europe.&lt;/p&gt;

From Black Death to Black Hole

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Piatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Black Death ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The Past

In this chapter I explain why Poland and most countries in Eastern Europe have always lagged behind Western Europe in economic development. I discuss why in the past the European continent split into two parts and how Western and Eastern Europe followed starkly different developmental paths. I then demonstrate how Polish oligarchic elites built extractive institutions and how they adopted ideologies, cultures, and values, which undermined development from the late sixteenth century to 1939. I also describe how the elites created a libertarian country without taxes, state capacity, and rule of law, and how this ‘golden freedom’ led to Poland’s collapse and disappearance from the map of Europe in 1795. I argue that Polish extractive society was so well established that it could not reform itself from the inside. It was like a black hole, where the force of gravity is so strong that the light could not come out.

Causes of Death

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Anderson ◽  
Corinne Roughley
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disease Mortality

The principal reported causes of death have changed dramatically since the 1860s, though changes in categorization of causes and improved diagnosis make it difficult to be precise about timings. Diseases particularly affecting children such as measles and whooping cough largely disappeared as killers by the 1950s. Deaths particularly linked to unclean environments and poor sanitary infrastructure also declined, though some can kill babies and the elderly even today. Pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchitis were eventually largely controlled. Reported cancer, stroke, and heart disease mortality showed upward trends well into the second half of the twentieth century, though some of this was linked to diagnostic improvement. Both fell in the last decades of our period, but Scotland still had among the highest rates in Western Europe. Deaths from accidents and drowning saw significant falls since World War Two but, especially in the past 25 years, suicide, and alcohol and drug-related deaths rose.

The Oxford History of Historical Writing

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

How was history written in Europe and Asia between 400–1400? How was the past understood in religious, social, and political terms? And in what ways does the diversity of historical writing in this period mask underlying commonalities in narrating the past? The volume tackles these and other questions. Part I provides comprehensive overviews of the development of historical writing in societies that range from the Korean Peninsula to north-west Europe, which together highlight regional and cultural distinctiveness. Part II complements the first part by taking a thematic and comparative approach; it includes chapters on genre, warfare, and religion (amongst others) which address common concerns of historians working in this liminal period before the globalizing forces of the early modern world.

Arab Historical Writing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef M. Choueiri
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Writings ◽  
Arabic World

This chapter traces the principal historiographical developments in the Arab world since 1945. It is divided into two major parts. The first part deals with the period extending from 1945 to 1970. During this period the discourse of either socialism or nationalism permeated most historical writings. The second part presents the various attempts made to decolonize, rewrite, or theorize history throughout the Arab world. The chapter then shows how in the various states of the Arabic world—some but not all of which have become fundamentalist Islamic regimes—Western models continued to be followed, though often with a more explicitly socialist approach than would be the case in America or Western Europe. By the 1970s, well before the shake-up of radical Islamicization that has dominated the past quarter-century, the entire Arabic world began to push hard against the dominance of residual Western colonial history.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document