scholarly journals VI.—On the Occurrence of Websterite at Brighton

1871 ◽  
Vol 8 (81) ◽  
pp. 121-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Perceval
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
British Museum ◽  
White Powder ◽  
Dark Line ◽  
The Road ◽  
Yellow Clay ◽  
Haematite Iron Ore ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Concentric Structure ◽  
New System

On the 30th July last year I observed that a deposit of Websterite, subsulphate of alumina, had been cut into, in excavating for the new system of drainage in the Montpelier Road opposite the south end of Vernon Terrace. It occurs at a depthof 16 feet from the surface of the road, beneath a ferruginous deposit of varying depth, which overlies the chalk on the summit of the hill, consisting of ochreous clay with occasional flint-breccia and masses of hæmatite iron ore in some instances mammillated and associated with crystals of selenite. The iron ore is occasionally friable and of a cindery appearance, containing in its cavities angular pieces of chalk and occasional groups of crystals of selenite. The deposit of Websterite is about three feet wide at its junction with the overlying ferruginous mass, narrowing as it descends, apparently occupying a fissure in the chalk, which has at some time been filled with clay, or has been formed by some decomposing action on the chalk, the chalk intruding occasionally into the vein of Websterite. The mineral varies much in colour and appearance, consisting in some places of a soft white powder, which, I am informed by Sir W. C. Trevelyan, hehas observed in specimens at Newhaven, and which he has ascertained by the microscope to consist entirely of minute transparent crystals, the nature of which he believes has not yet been investigated; sometimes in masses of various size presenting the appearance of meerschaum, compact and structureless, or somewhat botryoidal in form, occasionally presenting a concentric structure, and rarely and only in a certain portion of the deposit exhibiting spherical concretions with a radiating structure. Specimens of these various forms I have presented to the British Museum. A mass of yellow clay with imbeddedchalk flints divides the summit of the vein of Websterite, and near the clay the mineral assumes the character of allophane, having a yellow ivory-like appearance, towards the chalk forming the wall of the vein of Websterite. The wall of the vein is marked by a dark line caused by the association of a soft black substance, oxide of manganese, with the Websterite.

scholarly journals On the Tumulus of Choban Tepeh in the Troad

1897 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 319-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Calvert
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Road ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Hill

I derive the materials of the present paper from some memoranda which I find amongst my archaeological notes and which relate to certain explorations to which I was not a party, made so long ago as 1887. I have thought that the particulars then obtained may be deemed sufficiently interesting to deserve a record in the history of Trojan archaeological discovery.The subject is one of the four small tumuli dotted about and near the hill of Balli-Dagh, the crest of which according to the now exploded theory of Le Chevalier (1785) was supposed to represent the Pergamos of Troy. In a memoir contributed to the Journal of the Archaeological Institute of 1864, I proved that the site in question was no other than that of the ancient city of Gergis. In the same paper I gave an account of the results of the excavation of one of the group of three tumuli on Balli-Dagh, the so-named Tomb of Priam. The other two, namely Le Chevalier's Tomb of Hector, and an unnamed hillock, were excavated respectively by Sir John Lubbock (about 1878) and Dr. Schliemann (1882) without result. The present relates to the fourth mound on the road between the villages of Bournarbashi and Arablar (as shown in the published maps), which goes by the name of Choban Tepeh (Shepherd's hillock) and the Tomb of Paris, according to Rancklin (1799).

Art. VII.—An Account of Jerusalem, translated for the late Sir H. M. Elliot, from the Persian text of Náṣir ibn Khusrú's Safarnámah

1873 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-164
Author(s):  
A. R. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The City

On the 3rd of Ramazán, I left Ramlah, and went to a village called Khátún, and from thence to another, which they styled Kariatu-l-'Anab (Grape hamlet). On the road I observed plenty of wild rue growing spontaneously on hill and dale. I also noticed at this village a very delightful spring of water gushing out of a rock, where they had constructed reservoirs, and built edifices. From thence I proceeded up some rising ground, under the impression that I was ascending a hill, and that on going down the other side the city would lie before me. After I had climbed the ascent however for a short way, a vast wilderness lay in my front, partly stony, and partly showing merely the bare earth. At the summit of the hill stands the city of the “Baitu-l-Mukaddas” (Sacred Tabernacle, i.e. Jerusalem), between which and Tarábulis, whichis on the coast, are 56 parasangs, and from Balkh to Jerusalem 876.

III.—The Northampton Ironstone Beds in Lincolnshire

1877 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macdakin
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
The South ◽  
Haematite Iron Ore

The Ironstone Beds of Oolitic age in Lincolnshire have, during the last four years, yielded not only large quantities of brown hæmatite iron-ore, but some very interesting sections and borings, comprising thirty-one of the latter between four and seven miles to the south of Lincoln, and several extensive openings showing that the beds are much richer at this distance from Lincoln, but that they become very siliceous and pass into a ferruginous sand above Normanton about eighteen miles to the south.

The Politics of Public Order, 1795–1802

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Road ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
National Convention ◽  
New System

The Thermidorian National Convention, despite some efforts at ‘transitional justice’, failed to master the legacies of the Terror. Therefore, the fledgling regime needed to impose the new republican political order while also restoring basic law and order—two tightly entwined tasks. The Constitution of 1795 articulated a liberal democracy based on the rule of law, but political instability and endemic lawlessness led first to multiple violations of the constitution, especially in the wake of elections, and a steady shift from democratic republicanism toward ‘liberal authoritarianism’. This shift received added impetus during waves of repression intended to restore order on strictly republican terms. The result was the creation a new ‘security state’, one that combined coercive policing, administrative surveillance, exceptional justice, and militarized repression. The emergence of the new system helped to restore order, and thereby to legitimize the Consulate, but it also paved the road to personal dictatorship in 1802.

4. There was also presented by Professor Forbes, on the part of R. S. Q. Kilbee, Esq., a collection of Fossil Shells, from the great deposit near Uddevalla, in Sweden

1845 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 297-299
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
Vertical Opening ◽  
Entire Depth ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Town

This bed lies from 200 to 300 feet above the level of the sea, an arm of which extends to that town, but no shells are to be found upon its shores. It covers a space of several square miles, and is coated with soil, which in many places has been removed, the shells being taken to mend the roads, as well as for building purposes, and for manure. Such openings upon the surface are frequent on the hill just above the town, on the road to Gottenburg; but a mile or two on that to Wennersburg, and to the left, there is a large vertical opening, exposing to view from thirty to forty feet of the bed's depth, its entire depth being as yet unknown.

scholarly journals The Mid-Station on Ben Nevis

1910 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 687-692
Author(s):  
R. T. Omond
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Sloping Ground ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Hill

In the year 1896 the Directors of the Ben Nevis Observatories arranged that a temporary observing station be opened at the hut on the road half-way up the hill. A barometer, rain-gauge, and set of thermometers were provided, also a Richard barograph, thermograph, and hygrograph. The hut stands on steeply sloping ground facing westward, and is 2190 feet above sea-level. The barometer and barograph were placed in the hut; and two Stevenson screens for the thermometers, the thermograph, and the hygrograph were placed on the hill-side in its vicinity along with the rain-gauge. Though the site was not an ideal one for the purpose, being on the side of a hill and not on a peak, it was considered that valuable information as to the condition of the air between the level of the sea and that of the summit might be obtained by occasional periods of observation at this Mid-Station. This expectation has been realised, especially as regards the distribution of temperature in summer.

On a Meteoric Iron (containing Crystallised Chromite) found about the year 1880 in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, U.S.A.

1887 ◽  
Vol 7 (35) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
L. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineer ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Single Fragment ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Sulphur Springs

Single fragment of iron, having an estimated weight of eleven pounds, was found about the year 1880 on or near the top of Alleghany Mountain, 3 miles north of White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier County, not far from the eastern border of West Virginia, U.S.A. ; this corresponds to longitude 80° 20' W. of Greenwich, latitude 37° 51' N. The finder and his official agent, thinking it a piece of rich iron ore, searched unsuccessfully for a vein : the specimen itself was taken to a country smith's shop, heated and cut with a cold chisel; the pieces were distributed as specimens of iron ore. Some time afterwards, two of them, weighing respectively 63 oz. and 31 oz., were given by the agent to Mr. Matthew A. Miller, Civil Engineer, of Richmond, Virginia ; convinced of their meteoric origin, he immediately tried to recover the pieces already distributed, but after travelling several hundred miles was forced to the conclusion that they were irrecoverably lost. From Mr. Miller the two pieces were acquired for the British Museum.

Excavations in Caria

1887 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 64-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Great Part ◽  
The West ◽  
The Road ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Hill ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Way

Mr. Newton in his History of Discoveries, p. 583, gives the following account of an excursion to the peninsula which lies to the west of Budrum (Halikarnassus) where he was then excavating:—We next proceeded to examine the hill with the level top. This hill is called Assarlik.Ascending from this gateway we passed several other lines of ancient walls, and on gaining the summit of the hill found a platform artificially levelled. There are not many traces of walls here. The sides of the hill are so steep on the north and east that they do not require walls. The platform terminates on the north-east in a rock rising vertically for many hundred feet from the valley below. The top of the rock is cut into beds to receive a tower. The view from this platform is magnificent.[After brief mention of several tombs passed in the way down, Mr. Newton proceeds:]The acropolis which anciently crowned the rock at Assarlik must have overlooked a great part of the peninsula and commanded the road from Halicarnassus to Myndus and Termera. From the number of tombs here, and their archaic character, it may be inferred that this was a fortress of some importance in very early times.

Smelting Copper Ore from Rudna Glava, Yugoslavia

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Tylecote ◽  
P. T. Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Copper Mine ◽  
Iron Mine ◽  
Chalcolithic Period ◽  
Copper Ores

Jovanovič has recently drawn attention to the early copper mine at Rudna Glava in the copper mining area of Maidanpek-Bor in Eastern Serbia (Jovanovič 1979, 103). This copper deposit has iron associated with it. In some respects this occurrence of iron and copper together compares with the deposit at Phalabora in South Africa where copper and other minerals are mined today. Rudna Glava has been a copper mine in the Chalcolithic period and an iron mine in the Turkish period. Today it is worked out, but the working of the iron ore has left exposed some of the shafts and galleries used by Chalcolithic and Bronze Age copper miners. It has been possible to obtain a sample of the copper ores used in the early periods and integrate them into a smelting programme (Tylecote et al. 1977, 305), the main purpose of which has been to determine the partitioning of the three elements between the ore, the slag and the metal. The object of this exercise was to try and relate the artefacts, the slag, and metal to the ore source. So far, ores from the British Isles, Spain, and Africa have been examined and reported (Tylecote 1977). The sample from Yugoslavia came rather too late for the first report but the work is continuing.The smelting work described in this report was carried out by Ali Ghaznavi and the analyses were kindly made by R. Hetherington formerly of Newcastle University and Dr P. T. Craddock of the British Museum Research Laboratory. I have to thank Dr B. Jovanovič of the Archaeological Institute, Belgrade, for supplying the material and inspiring the work.

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