The middle lower Cambrian (Ovetian)Lunagraulosn. gen. from Spain and the oldest trilobite records

2015 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELADIO LIÑÁN ◽  
JOSÉ ANTONIO GÁMEZ VINTANED ◽  
RODOLFO GOZALO
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
The World ◽  
The Village

AbstractThe type material ofAgraulos antiquusSdzuy, 1961 from the La Herrería Formation, northern Spain, is revised together with additional material and included in the new genusLunagraulos. The stratigraphical range ofLunagraulos antiquus(Sdzuy, 1961) – occurring below that of the trilobite species of the generaLunolenus,MetadoxidesandDolerolenusin the type locality of Los Barrios de Luna in the province of León, northern Spain – and the accompanying ichnofossil assemblage demonstrate an Ovetian age (lower part of Cambrian Stage 3, currently being discussed by the International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy) for this species. Moreover, the trilobiteLunagraulos tamamensisn. gen. n. sp. is found in the Tamames Sandstone near the village of La Rinconada in the province of Salamanca, central Spain. The biostratigraphical position of this new taxon and its accompanying ichnoassemblage is also analysed and assigned to the lowermost Ovetian Stage. The genusLunagraulosis therefore the oldest agraulid found in the fossil record. The exceptional presence ofLunagraulosin a marine coarse siliciclastic succession – a facies rather typical for the ichnofossilsCruzianaandRusophycus, some of the oldest signs of trilobite activity – suggests that first trilobite representatives may have inhabited high- to middle-energy, marine environments. This hypothesis may also explain both the taxonomic and biostratigraphic heterogeneity of the first trilobite genera appearing across the world, due to preservation problems in this type of facies. Comparison of theLunagraulos biostratigraphy with other coeval Spanish fossil assemblages allows us to propose its intercontinental correlation with the oldest records of currently known trilobites.

scholarly journals New phiocricetomyine rodents (Hystricognathi) from the Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum Depression, Egypt

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12074
Author(s):  
Shorouq F. Al-Ashqar ◽  
Erik R. Seiffert ◽  
Dorien de Vries ◽  
Sanaa El-Sayed ◽  
Mohamed S. Antar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Species Type ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Latest Eocene

Background The rich rodent assemblages from the Eocene–Oligocene deposits of the Jebel Qatrani Formation (Fayum Depression, Egypt) have important implications for our understanding of the origin and paleobiogeography of Hystricognathi, a diverse clade that is now represented by the Afro-Asiatic Hystricidae, New World Caviomorpha, and African Phiomorpha. Methods Here we present previously undescribed material of the enigmatic hystricognath clade Phiocricetomyinae, from two stratigraphic levels in the lower sequence of the Jebel Qatrani Formation—a new genus and species (Qatranimys safroutus) from the latest Eocene Locality 41 (~34 Ma, the oldest and most productive quarry in the formation) and additional material of Talahphiomys lavocati from that species’ type locality, early Oligocene Quarry E (~31–33.2 Ma). Results The multiple specimens of Qatranimys safroutus from L-41 document almost the entire lower and upper dentition, as well as mandibular fragments and the first cranial remains known for a derived phiocricetomyine. Specimens from Quarry E allow us to expand comparisons with specimens from Libya (late Eocene of Dur at-Talah and early Oligocene of Zallah Oasis) that have been placed in T. lavocati, and we show that the Dur at-Talah and Zallah specimens do not pertain to this species. These observations leave the Fayum Quarry E as the only locality where T. lavocati occurs.

DNA barcoding and integrative taxonomy of Macrobiotus hufelandi C.A.S. Schultze 1834, the first tardigrade species to be described, and some related species

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2997 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERTO BERTOLANI ◽  
LORENA REBECCHI ◽  
ILARIA GIOVANNINI ◽  
MICHELE CESARI
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Black Forest ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Starting Point

Within the framework of a DNA barcoding project on tardigrade species, a study was carried out on Macrobiotus hufelandi C.A.S. Schultze 1834, the first formally described tardigrade species. We used samples collected from the type locality and additional material from other European sites containing species of the “M. hufelandi group”. The study was performed by integrating morphological, karyological and molecular (mt-DNA cox1) information and comparing these data with morphological data from the type material. Several species from this group were found in the type locality of M. hufelandi (near Freiburg, Black Forest, Germany) and these were all barcoded. One was M. hufelandi, the other two were: Macrobiotus sandrae Bertolani & Rebecchi 1993 (originally described from the same locality), and Macrobiotus vladimiri Bertolani, Biserov, Rebecchi & Cesari in press (type locality Andalo, Italy), all with interspecific genetic distances of more than 19%. A fourth cryptic species, which had the same morphology as M. hufelandi but a genetic distance of 6.7%, was not described as a new taxon but named M. cf. hufelandi sp.1 for this study. Macrobiotus sandrae and M. vladimiri were also present (and barcoded) in Italy (Alps). Additional individuals (animals and eggs) were also found, and barcoded, in Italy (Apennines) and Switzerland that belonged to the haplogroup Macrobiotus cf. hufelandi sp. 1. These data together with other recent studies on tardigrade DNA barcoding represent a starting point for further studies on tardigrade biogeography, phylogeography and diversity.

A rare onychophoran-like lobopodian from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, southwestern China, and its phylogenetic implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Ou ◽  
Jianni Liu ◽  
Degan Shu ◽  
Jian Han ◽  
Zhifei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
New Form ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Chengjiang Fossil Lagerstätte ◽  
Chengjiang Lagerstätte

Lobopodians, which diversified and flourished in the Cambrian seas, have long drawn much attention in that not only their extant close relatives, onychophorans and tardigrades, but euarthropods (Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, and Hexapoda) may have been deeply rooted in stem-group lobopodians. Antennacanthopodia gracilis new genus and species is described and interpreted here as an “unarmoured” lobopodian from the Chengjiang fossil Lagerstätte (Early Cambrian, —520 Ma), Yunnan, southwestern China. This animal shares with other known Cambrian lobopodians such plesiomorphies (primitive characters) as onychophoran-like overall appearance; a metamerically segmented body covered by slightly sclerotized cuticle, and paired, unjointed lobopodal legs. Antennacanthopodia is also featured by a pair of frontal antennae, potential ocellus-like lateral visual organs, second antennae, a straight, voluminous midgut, diminutive spines arrayed on the leg and the trunk, well-developed leg musculature, highly sclerotized terminal leg pads, and presumptively a pair of posteriormost appendicules. This new taxon, with innovative characters (autapomorphies), furthers our understanding of early lobopodian diversification. Antennacanthopodia is considered closely allied to extant Onychophora based on considerable anatomical similarities. Taken together its “two-segmented” cephalization and appendage-bearing “ocular segment”, this new form may shed some new light on the arthropod groundplan.

A guest from the past: A new genus and a new species of Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) in Miocene Dominican amber

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4819 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-594
Author(s):  
JUNGGON KIM ◽  
ARTUR TASZAKOWSKI ◽  
ALEKSANDER HERCZEK ◽  
KWANG-HO KIM ◽  
SUNGHOON JUNG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Dominican Amber ◽  
The Past ◽  
Related Group ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The second fossil record of deraeocorine species from Miocene Dominican amber is presented with description of a new taxon, Amberderaeous gigophthalmus gen. and sp. nov. based on a well-preserved specimen. The need for revision of related group Eustictus and a comprehensive study of its tribal placement within Deraeocorinae are discussed.

The earliest fossil record of the wasp subfamily Pelecininae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea: Pelecinidae) from the Yixian Formation of China

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2080 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHENXI LIU ◽  
CHUNGKUN SHIH ◽  
DONG REN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Yixian Formation ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Wing Margin ◽  
The World ◽  
A New Species

A new genus with a new species (Shoushida regilla gen. et sp. nov.) of pelecinid wasps is described and illustrated. The fossil has been collected from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation at Huangbanjigou Village, Liaoning Province, China. The new species has vein Rs forking to two branches: Rs 1 straight and reaching wing margin much before apex and Rs 2 long, forming an “X” pattern together with 2r-rs. This finding represents the earliest fossil record of subfamily Pelecininae in the world up to date. Sexual dimorphism in Pelecinidae is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals A fossil unicorn crestfish (Teleostei, Lampridiformes, Lophotidae) from the Eocene of Iran

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Davesne
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Zagros Basin ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Early Cenozoic

Lophotidae, or crestfishes, is a family of rare deep-sea teleosts characterised by an enlarged horn-like crest on the forehead. They are poorly represented in the fossil record, by only three described taxa. One specimen attributed to Lophotidae has been described from the pelagic fauna of the middle-late Eocene Zagros Basin, Iran. Originally considered as a specimen of the fossil lophotid †Protolophotus, it is proposed hereby as a new genus and species †Babelichthys olneyi, gen. et sp. nov., differs from the other fossil lophotids by its relatively long and strongly projecting crest, suggesting a close relationship with the modern unicorn crestfish,Eumecichthys. This new taxon increases the diversity of the deep-sea teleost fauna to which it belongs, improving our understanding of the taxonomic composition of the early Cenozoic mesopelagic ecosystems.

scholarly journals A new genus of dipnoiformes from the Cretaceous of Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E.V. Toledo ◽  
Eliane P. de Sousa ◽  
Manuel A.A. Medeiros ◽  
Reinaldo J. Bertini
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Stratigraphic Unit ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic Ocean

The Alcântara Formation, an important stratigraphic unit from the early Cenomanian of Brazil, was deposited under transitional (estuarine) conditions, and its fossil record includes fragmentary remains of plants, fishes, crocodylomorphs, pterosaurs and dinosaurs, with a noteworthy diversity of dipnoiformes tooth plates. The dipnoiformes material reported here comprises a new taxon, Equinoxiodus alcantarensis, gen. et sp. nov. Most of the identified morphotypes of continental vertebrates collected in the Alcântara Formation are similar to chronocorrelative faunas from Northern Africa, but this new genus of Dipnoiformes indicates some degree of paleogeographic isolation and endemism. This was probably caused by the widening of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean during the early Cenomanian, which may have selectively affected some species.

Sycidiphaga, a new genus of Sycophaginae Walker, 1975 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae) associated with Ficus subgenus Sycidium in southern China

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4306 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
YANG LIU ◽  
JEAN-YVES RASPLUS ◽  
SIMON VAN NOORT ◽  
ZI LI ◽  
DAWEI HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Wing Membrane ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Relationship

A new genus of Sycophaginae (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), Sycidiphaga Liu, Rasplus & Huang n. gen., is described with a single new species, S. cyrtophyllae Liu, Rasplus & Huang n. sp. This species was discovered in Yun Nan and Gui Zhou, China and is associated with Ficus cyrtophylla (Moraceae, Ficus, subgenus Sycidium). The new taxon is readily distinguished from other genera of Sycophaginae by: 1) the presence of a conspicuous interantennal blade-like projection that extends well above the level of the toruli; 2) an inflated parastigma surrounded by a slight infuscation of the wing membrane; 3) the presence of a long and conspicuous median sulcus on the male pronotum; and 4) the presence of dense and long pilosity on the wings. Illustrations and a diagnosis and description of Sycidiphaga are provided, as is a key to the world genera of Sycophaginae. The phylogenetic position of Sycidiphaga was demonstrated through sequencing four gene regions of COI, Cyt b, 28s D3-D5 and EF-1α genes and conducting a phylogenetic analysis of available sequences for the subfamily. Sycidiphaga cannot be placed with confidence within Sycophaginae but several discussed characters suggest a close relationship with Idarnes Walker and Sycophaga Westwood. Interactive Lucid identification keys are available online at www.figweb.org. 

A remarkable new genus of Mytilidae (Bivalvia) from the Lower Cretaceous of southwestern Gondwanaland

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erle G. Kauffman ◽  
Héctor A. Leanza
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Personal Observation ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Surface Sculpture ◽  
Neuquen Basin ◽  
Neuquén Basin

The lower Cretaceous strata of the Neuquén Basin of Argentina are richly fossiliferous and characterized by diverse, primarily normal marine, molluscan-dominated faunas containing many interesting taxa. Among these, in the Lower Hauterivian part of the Agrio Formation at Cerro Mesa (Fig. 1), are diverse, coarsely ornate trigoniid bivalves of the genus Steinmanella Crickmay, 1930, and a new genus and species of ornate Mytilidae (Nodomytilus trigonimimus). The new taxon appears to be convergent in its surface sculpture on the Austral Gondwanian trigoniid Steinmanella transitoria (Steinmann, 1881). This may represent a rare case of convergence, or even mimicry, in the fossil record. The trigoniids have relatively low predation levels among bivalves (Kauffman, personal observation on fossil and recent populations). Convergence on the trigoniid morphotype could have been an adaptive advantage to frequently predated Mytilidae. The new taxon is described herein and compared to co-occurring Steinmanella.

scholarly journals Fossils from the Azorejo Formation (Lower Cambrian, Central Iberian Zone) in the Guadiana river section at Picón, Ciudad Real

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-65
Author(s):  
Julián Simón López-Villalta
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
The Body ◽  
River Section ◽  
Iberian Massif ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Ciudad Real ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Body Fossil

Abstract During the Stage 3 of the Cambrian, several siliciclastic formations were deposited in a shallow platform that would become part of the Iberian Massif, containing abundant trace fossils and the conspicuous ichnospecies Astropolichnus hispanicus, endemic to southwestern Europe during the regional Ovetian stage. The fossil record of these formations has been explored mainly in northern Spain; in southern Spain, the Azorejo Formation (Azorejo Sandstone) is the only unit of this kind, but its paleobiological content has never been described in detail. In this work, the fossil record of the Azorejo Formation is documented from one of its least known outcrops: the Guadiana river section at Picón, Ciudad Real. In this section, the Azorejo Forma- tion contains a diverse trace fossil record for a neritic environment, comprising Agrichnium?, Astropolichnus hispanicus, Belorhaphe, Bergaueria cf. hemispherica, Cochlichnus, Conichnus conicus, Cruziana, Dimorphichnus, Diplichnites, Diplocraterion, Monocraterion, Monomorphichnus bilinearis, Monomorphichnus lineatus, Monomorphichnus lineatus var. giganticus, Palaeophycus, Palaeophycus cf. imbricatus, Planolites, Psammichnites, Rusophycus avalonensis?, Skolithos, Treptichnus pedum, and trace fossils similar to Nereites and Zoophycos. A structure interpreted as the body fossil of a radial organism is also described. Some of these fossils are firstly cited to the Azorejo Formation and the Lower Cambrian of the Iberian Massif. Resumen Durante la Edad 3 del Cámbrico, varias formaciones siliciclásticas fueron depositadas en una plataforma somera que habría de convertirse en parte del Macizo Ibérico, conteniendo abundantes pistas fósiles y la icnoespecie Astropolichnus hispanicus, endémica del sudoeste europeo durante el piso regional Ovetiense. El registro fósil de estas formaciones ha sido explorado principalmente en el norte de España; en el sur, la Formación Azorejo (Areniscas del Azorejo) es la única unidad de este tipo, pero su contenido paleobiológico nunca ha sido descrito en detalle. En este trabajo, el registro fósil de la Formación Azorejo es documentado para uno de sus afloramientos menos conocidos: la sección del río Guadiana en Picón, Ciudad Real. En él la Formación Azorejo contiene variadas pistas fósiles, incluyendo Agrichnium?, Astropolichnus hispanicus, Belorhaphe, Bergaueria cf. hemispherica, Cochlichnus, Conichnus conicus, Cruziana, Dimorphichnus, Diplichnites, Diplocraterion, Monocraterion, Monomorphichnus bilinearis, Monomorphichnus lineatus, Monomorphichnus lineatus var. giganticus, Palaeophycus, Palaeophycus cf. imbricatus, Planolites, Psammichnites, Rusophycus avalonensis?, Skolithos, Treptichnus pedum, una pista similar a Nereites y otra a Zoophycos. Se describe una estructura interpretada como el fósil corporal de un organismo radial. Algunos de estos fósiles se citan por primera vez para las Areniscas del Azorejo y el Cámbrico Inferior del Macizo Ibérico.

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