scholarly journals Environmental conditions and paleowind directions at the end of the Weichselian Late Pleniglacial recorded in aeolian sediments and geomorphology (Twente, Eastern Netherlands)

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko (J.) van Huissteden ◽  
Jacques C.G. Schwan ◽  
Mark D. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Aeolian Deposits ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Channel Belt ◽  
Aeolian Sediments ◽  
Aeolian Activity ◽  
Sand Sheet ◽  
Late Weichselian ◽  
Active Channel ◽  
Sand Sheets

AbstractThe Late weichselian Pleniglacial wind regime in the eastern Netherlands is reconstructed by means of landform and sedimentological analysis. This analysis involves aeolian and fluvial landforms in the Dinkel river valley in the Twente region. The aeolian deposits considered here date from the Last Glacial Maximum (approximately 22 ka) to the start of the Belling Interstadial at 14.7 ka.A major event in this period is the formation of a cryoturbation level caused by permafrost degradation, overlain by an erosional hiatus dated between 21 and 17 ka. Both features are attributed to a period of warmer and moister climate, causing permafrost degradation and erosion by surficial runoff. Thereafter aeolian activity prevailed under relatively arid conditions. A deflation surface was formed, the Beuningen Gravel Bed. This deflation surface is present in many Weichselian sections in the Netherlands and the adjacent parts of Belgium and Germany. The deflation occurred concurrently with deposition of coversand at other places.The morphology of the coversand-landscape in the Dinkel valley was controlled by the relief of the pre-existing floodplain and the wind pattern. Coversand ridges consisting of low dunes accumulated near the margins of the active channel belt. Relatively thick sand sheets occur in the leesides of the ridges, thin sand sheets are found at greater distance.Mainly westerly sand-transporting winds operated during winter and summer. In winter aeolian deposition occurred by frequent and strong easterly winds also. On the smallest, local scale, the pattern of deposition was determined by the topography and moisture of the receiving surface.Coversand deposition came to an end with the formation of a sand sheet under relatively warm and less arid conditions. Coversand deposition continued into the Belling Interstadial; colonization of the coversand surface by vegetation probably has been delayed by nutrient-poor conditions.

Inland dune field and deposits at Dviete: evidences of the late Pleistocene aeolian morphogenesis and landscape evolution during transition from glacial to post-glacial conditions in South-eastern Latvia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juris Soms ◽  
Zane Egle
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Last Deglaciation ◽  
Dune Field ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Aeolian Deposits ◽  
Aeolian Sediments ◽  
Aeolian Activity ◽  
Initial Evolution ◽  
Dammed Lake

<p>In the south-western part of Jersika Plain (SE Latvia), the late Pleistocene aeolian sediments form the inland dune field located at Dviete village. This dune field with surface >112 km<sup>2</sup> represents the evidence of aeolian activity and landscape evolution during the transition from glacial to post-glacial conditions in this region. The dunes have developed on the surface of glaciolacustrine plain, where subaqueous sedimentation in the Nīcgale ice-dammed lake took place during the retreat of glacier, the Pomeranian phase of the last glaciation.</p><p>Here, we focus on reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions in this region, as inferred from landforms morphology, aeolian sand granulometry and geochemistry, and efficient wind directions derived from DEM. It will contribute to better understanding the processes of landscape evolution conditioned by last deglaciation in SE Latvia.</p><p>Results indicate that single parabolic dunes typically have U-shaped configuration in planar view. Aeolian landforms also link and override each other, presenting clustered groups. GIS analysis reveals that the dominating wind directions during the development of dunes would have been westerly to easterly. Previously published dates on OSL chronology for this dune field indicate the initial phase of aeolian activity at around 15.5 Ka and 14.5 Ka. Hence, when the studied landforms formed in presumably paraglacial landscape, the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) was still present, and most likely atmospheric circulation in this region was affected by anticyclone over the SIS.</p><p>The mean grain size <em>M<sub>z</sub></em> of the aeolian deposits forming inland dune field ranges between 143 μm and 256 μm. Hence aeolian landforms are composed mainly of fine-grained sands. It indicates the dominance of saltation and a balance between sand particles and comparatively low energy of local wind power during the aeolian processes. The sediments demonstrate well and moderately well sorting with σ values between 0.473 and 0.707 phi. Granulometry elucidates symmetrical distribution of particles of different fraction with small both negative and positive skewness <em>Sk</em> values ranging from -0.048 to 0.112 phi. For the values of kurtosis <em>K<sub>G</sub></em>, results showed that sand is mainly mesokurtic.</p><p>Geochemical analysis points out that elemental composition is rather typical for aeolian sediments, determined by the dominance of quartz and K-silicates. Among REE elements, only Y un Nb were identified in detectable concentrations. Similar geochemical signatures across the dune field suggest the provenance of sediments from one main source, possibly associated with glaciofluvial sediment transportation by extra-glacial waters draining from the already ice-free parts of adjoining uplands to the glacial lake.</p><p>As apparent from the limited number of paleosoils, aeolian deposition seems to nearly instantly follow the drainage of the Nīcgale ice-dammed lake. It is most likely that cold and dry climate in conjunction with low groundwater tables during the late Pleistocene – beginning of Holocene were among the main controlling factors which prevented development of vegetation cover in this region and delayed stabilisation of the dunes. In turn, it facilitates the action of wind over glaciolacustrine plain as the main driving process of aeolian morphogenesis during the initial evolution of metastable post-glacial landscape.</p>

Late Quaternary paleoenvironments and paleoclimatic conditions in the distal Andean piedmont, southern Mendoza, Argentina

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonsina Tripaldi ◽  
Marcelo A. Zárate ◽  
George A. Brook ◽  
Guo-Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Aeolian Deposits ◽  
Aeolian Activity ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Sand Sheet ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Paleoclimatic Significance ◽  
San Rafael ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractThe Andean piedmont of Mendoza is a semiarid region covered by extensive and partially vegetated dune fields consisting of mostly inactive aeolian landforms of diverse size and morphology. This paper is focused on the San Rafael plain (SRP) environment, situated in the distal Andean piedmont of Mendoza (34° 30′S), and reports the sedimentology and OSL chronology of two representative exposures of late Quaternary deposits, including their paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic significance. Eleven facies, including channel, floodplain, fluvio–aeolian interaction, and reworked pyroclastic and aeolian deposits, were described and grouped into two facies associations (FA1 and FA2). FA1 was formed by unconfined sheet flows, minor channelized streams and fluvial–aeolian interaction processes. FA2 was interpreted as aeolian dune and sand-sheet deposits. OSL chronology from the SRP sedimentary record indicates that between ca. 58–39 ka and ca. 36–24 ka (MIS 3), aggradation was governed by ephemeral fluvial processes (FA1) under generally semiarid conditions. During MIS 2, the last glacial maximum (ca. 24–12 ka), a major climatic shift to more arid conditions is documented by significant aeolian activity (FA2) that became the dominant sedimentation process north of the Diamante–Atuel fluvial system. The inferred paleoenvironmental conditions from the SRP sections are in broad agreement with regional evidence.

scholarly journals Age of sediments on Danube terraces of the Pest Plain (Hungary) based on optically stimulated luminescence dating of quartz and feldspar

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-186
Author(s):  
Edit Thamó-Bozsó ◽  
Gábor Csillag ◽  
Judit Füri ◽  
Attila Nagy ◽  
Árpád Magyari
Keyword(s):  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Aeolian Sediments ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dating ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Aeolian Activity ◽  
Wind Activity ◽  
Fluvial Sedimentation ◽  
Late Weichselian

AbstractThe numerical ages available for the sediments on the Danube terraces in the Pest Plain are scarce. In this study, we present quartz OSL and K feldspar post-IR IRSL290 ages for the sandy fluvial, aeolian and slope sediments collected from Danube terraces IIb, III and V.The feldspar post-IR IRSL290 ages without residual dose subtraction are older than the quartz OSL ages, except for one sample, but the two sets of ages are overlapping within one or two sigma errors.In the bleaching experiment under natural sunlight during summer, an unbleachable component ranging from 2.5±0.7 Gy to 5.2±0.3 Gy after 30 h exposure to bright sunshine is observed and it corresponds to 3−8% of the measured K feldspar post-IR IRSL290 equivalent doses. These facts indicate that residual dose subtraction would be necessary before age calculation, in most cases.The saturated fluvial gravelly sand of terrace V of the Danube is older than ~ 296 ka based on feldspar post-IR IRSL290 measurements. This age does not contradict the traditional terrace chronology and the earlier published age data of this terrace. The other studied sediments on the surface of the terraces V, III and IIb deposited much later than the formation of these terraces. They infer aeolian activity and fluvial sedimentation of small streams during the MIS 3 and MIS 2 periods. The age of the dated dune sands with coeval aeolian sediments in Hungary indicate the cold and dry periods with strong wind activity of the Late Weichselian.

scholarly journals Stepwise Weakening of Aeolian Activities During the Holocene in the Gannan Region, Eastern Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengli Yang ◽  
Xiaojing Liu ◽  
Ting Cheng ◽  
Yuanlong Luo ◽  
Qiong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Eastern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Aeolian Desertification ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Aeolian Sediments ◽  
Aeolian Activity ◽  
History Of

Aeolian sediments hold key information on aeolian history and past environmental changes. Aeolian desertification and extensive land degradation have seriously affected the eco-environment in the Gannan region on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Understanding the history of aeolian activities can deepen our understanding of the impacts of climatic changes on aeolian activities in the future. This study uses a detailed chronology and multiple proxy analyses of a typical aeolian section in Maqu to reconstruct aeolian activities in the region during the Holocene. Our results showed that aeolian activities have occurred in the eastern Tibetan Plateau since the early Holocene. Magnetic susceptibility, grain size records, and paleosols formation indicated a trend of stepwise weakening in aeolian activities from the early Holocene to the present. The weakening of aeolian activities was divided into three stages: ∼10.0–8.0 ka BP, ∼8.0–4.0 ka BP, and ∼4.0 ka BP to the present. Paleosols were primarily formed after ∼8.0 ka BP, and episodically interrupted aeolian activities processes in the Gannan region. Aeolian activity may increase in the Gannan region as the climate gradually warms. Climatic changes and local hydrological conditions have jointly affected the history of aeolian activities in this region.

Aeolian Environments

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Koster
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Ural Mountain ◽  
Aeolian Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Aeolian Deposits ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Border ◽  
Late Weichselian ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
North Western

The literature on aeolian processes and on aeolian morphological and sedimentological features has shown a dramatic increase during the last decade. A variety of textbooks, extensive reviews, and special issues of journal volumes devoted to aeolian research have been published (Nordstrom et al. 1990; Pye and Tsoar 1990; Kozarski 1991; Pye 1993; Pye and Lancaster 1993; Cooke et al. 1993; Lancaster 1995; Tchakerian 1995; Livingstone and Warren 1996; Goudie et al. 1999). However, not surprisingly the majority of these studies discuss aeolian processes and phenomena in the extensive warm arid regions of the world. The results of aeolian research in the less extensive, but still impressive, cold arid environments of the world are only available in a diversity of articles. At best they are only briefly mentioned in textbooks on aeolian geomorphology (Koster 1988, 1995; McKenna-Neuman 1993). Likewise, the literature with respect to wind-driven deposits in western Europe is scattered and not easily accessible. The aeolian geological record for Europe, as reflected in the ‘European sand belt’ in the north-western and central European Lowlands, which extends from Britain to the Polish–Russian border, is known in great detail (Koster 1988; van Geel et al. 1989; Böse 1991). Zeeberg (1998) showed that extensive aeolian deposits progress with two separate arms into the Baltic Region, and into Belorussia and northernmost Ukraine. Recently, Mangerud et al. (1999) concluded that the sand belt extends even to the Pechora lowlands close to the north-western border of the Ural mountain range in Russia. Sand dunes and cover sands are widespread and well developed in this easternmost extension of the European sand belt. The northerly edges of this sand belt more or less coincide with the maximal position of the Late Weichselian (Devensian, Vistulian) ice sheet, while the southern edges grade into coverloams or sandy loess and loess (Mücher 1986; Siebertz 1988; Antoine et al. 1999). However, along these southern edges the dune fields and sand sheets regionally are derived from different sources, such as the sands of the Keuper Formation or the floodplains of the Rhine and Main rivers.

scholarly journals Evidence for indigenous nitrogen in sedimentary and aeolian deposits from the Curiosity rover investigations at Gale crater, Mars

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (14) ◽  
pp. 4245-4250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Stern ◽  
Brad Sutter ◽  
Caroline Freissinet ◽  
Rafael Navarro-González ◽  
Christopher P. McKay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Volcanic Plume ◽  
Science Laboratory ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Gale Crater ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Aeolian Deposits ◽  
Aeolian Sediments ◽  
Curiosity Rover

The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has detected oxidized nitrogen-bearing compounds during pyrolysis of scooped aeolian sediments and drilled sedimentary deposits within Gale crater. Total N concentrations ranged from 20 to 250 nmol N per sample. After subtraction of known N sources in SAM, our results support the equivalent of 110–300 ppm of nitrate in the Rocknest (RN) aeolian samples, and 70–260 and 330–1,100 ppm nitrate in John Klein (JK) and Cumberland (CB) mudstone deposits, respectively. Discovery of indigenous martian nitrogen in Mars surface materials has important implications for habitability and, specifically, for the potential evolution of a nitrogen cycle at some point in martian history. The detection of nitrate in both wind-drifted fines (RN) and in mudstone (JK, CB) is likely a result of N2 fixation to nitrate generated by thermal shock from impact or volcanic plume lightning on ancient Mars. Fixed nitrogen could have facilitated the development of a primitive nitrogen cycle on the surface of ancient Mars, potentially providing a biochemically accessible source of nitrogen.

Tsunami Deposits Beneath Tidal Marshes on Northwestern Vancouver Island, British Columbia

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyd E. Benson ◽  
Kurt A. Grimm ◽  
John J. Clague
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Tidal Marshes ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Cascadia Subduction Zone ◽  
Tsunami Deposits ◽  
The North ◽  
Sand Sheet ◽  
Sand Sheets

AbstractTwo sand sheets underlying tidal marshes at Fair Harbour, Neroutsos Inlet, and Koprino Harbour on the northwestern coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, were probably deposited by tsunamis. The sand sheets become thinner and finer-grained landward, drape former land surfaces, contain marine microfossils, are locally graded or internally stratified, and can be correlated with earthquakes that generated tsunamis in the region. 137Cs dating and historical accounts indicate that the upper sand sheet was deposited by the tsunami from the great Alaska earthquake in 1964. Radiocarbon ages on plant fossils within and on top of the lower sand sheet show that it was deposited sometime after about A.D. 1660. We attribute the lower sand sheet to a tsunami from the most recent plate-boundary earthquake on the Cascadia subduction zone about 300 yr ago, extending the documented effects of this earthquake north of the Nootka fault zone. The 1964 tsunami deposits differ little in thickness and continuity among the three marshes. In contrast, the lower sand sheet becomes thinner and less continuous to the north, implying a tsunami source south of the study area.

scholarly journals A continuous record of Holocene eolian activity in West Greenland

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico W. Willemse ◽  
Eduard A. Koster ◽  
Babette Hoogakker ◽  
Frank G.M. van Tatenhove
Keyword(s):  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
History Of ◽  
Floodplain Development ◽  
Sand Sheet ◽  
Maritime Air ◽  
Sand Sheets

AbstractEolian landforms are widespread alongside proglacial valley-sandurs in West Greenland and comprise low-relief sand sheets, climbing dunes, and upland loess. Sedimentary facies mainly reflect distance to outwash-source zones and the influence of vegetation cover. The sediments show stratification types typical for poorly to moderately vegetated sand-sheets, alternately laminated silt/peat sequences, and unstratified loess. Twenty-five accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates provide the basis for the chronostratigraphy of the inland eolian deposits. 14C dates from interstratified sand-sheets suggest that the bulk of eolian sands were deposited prior to 3400 cal yr B.P. and after 550 cal yr B.P. This two-phase formation for the inland dunes most likely reflects local changes in proglacial floodplain development and meltwater rerouting associated with a significant recession of the Greenland ice sheet during the mid Holocene climate optimum. Subsequent floodplain regeneration and renewed sand-sheet formation after 550 cal yr B.P. followed when the ice margin readvanced to its present position. In contrast, atmospheric deposition of regionally derived silt in upland peat mires has been continuous since at least 4750 cal yr B.P. Silt influx data demonstrate a strongly episodic history of the intensity of eolian activity over the past five millennia, which tentatively reflects alternating periods of (winter) aridity associated with the variable incursion of maritime air masses over the interior ice-free areas of West Greenland.

scholarly journals Unusual thick eolian sand sheet sedimentary succession: Paleoproterozoic Bandeirinha Formation, Minas Gerais

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Simplicio ◽  
Giorgio Basilici
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Eolian Sand ◽  
Sand Supply ◽  
Sedimentary Succession ◽  
Sand Sheet ◽  
Stabilizing Factors ◽  
Sand Sheets ◽  
Main Factor

ABSTRACTSome present-day eolian sand sheets have small and width dunes, called zibars, as common type of depositional morphology. Their formation is related to different stabilizing factors, which reduce the availability of clastic materials for eolian processes. In fact, zibars are dunes which do not have time to develop a larger dune with slipface (proto-dune). Dunes in sands sheet areas generally are constructed by wind ripple laminations and commonly generate sedimentary succession less than 20 m thick, which are the consequence of low sand supply. This study deals with an uncommon eolian sand sheet sedimentary succession more than 50 m thick, Proterozoic in age, known as Bandeirinha Formation. This paper tries to explain the anomalous thick of this sand sheet sedimentary succession. High thickness was probably the result of a high input of sand material, combine with low availability of sand, thus allowing the only construction of proto-dunes (zibars). Early cementation, due to near-surface evaporation of saline water, has been proposed as main factor that reduced the sand availability into this eolian system. Finally, the subsidence processes related to the first stage of rift Espinhaço Basin must have generated the accommodation space to preserve the sand sheet succession.

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