CONSTRUCTING AUTHOR AND AUTHORITY: GENERIC DISCOURSE IN CICERO’S DE LEGIBUS

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
ANNA DOLGANOV
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
De Re ◽  
The Past ◽  
De Legibus

Atticus: Lucus quidem ille et haec Arpinatium quercus agnoscitur, saepe a me lectus in Mario. Sin manet illa quercus, haec est profecto; etenim est sane uetus.Qvintus: Manet uero, Attice noster, et semper manebit. Sata est enim ingenio; nullius autem agricolae cultu stirps tam diuturna quam poetae uersu seminari potest.Atticus: Indeed I recognize that grove and this Arpinate oak, which I’ve often read about in the Marius. If that oak still stands, it must be this one; for old it certainly is.Quintus: Of course it stands, my dear Atticus, and it will always stand, for it has been planted in the imagination. Indeed no farmer’s cultivation can produce a plant as long-lasting as that which is sown by the verse of a poet. De legibus 1.1The image of the Marian oak begins De legibus with almost postmodern abruptness. This is in part due to the absence of an authorial preface, such as the long statement of purpose partially preserved in De re publica 1.1–14, which leaves De legibus without a chronological or situational frame of reference. The result is that the treatise begins in a particularly Platonic fashion, as the contemplation of an object in the natural landscape proceeds into a discussion of its symbolic meaning, setting up the dichotomy between perception and reality, ficta and vera, the past and its memory.

Classifying the Past: Discriminant Analysis and its Application to Medieval Farming Systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Bartley
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Livestock Management

This paper discusses the need for nationally based analytical models of the medieval period. The use of cluster analysis as a method for classifying demesne farms, by the crops they grew and their livestock management, is explained. Successful implementation of cluster analysis requires both the existence of a large base sample, to permit isolation of specific groupings within the data, and access to considerable processing time. The paper concludes by demonstrating how discriminant analysis can provide an efficient and systematic way of classifying even a single manor within a national frame of reference.

Approaches to reforming contemporary religious discourse†

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-188
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kamal Abou Al-Majd
Keyword(s):  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
The Past ◽  
Original Frame ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Working Out

This article attempts to attenuate the exaggerated polarization in contemporary religious discourse in Egyptian society emanating from two flawed positions: a wrong conception of ‘applying Shari'a‘; and a wrong intention whereby deliberate cultural exclusion is practised to eradicate any religious orientation. The main subject of this article are manifestations of deviation of this discourse from the orientation of the original frame of reference of religion: (1) The call for Islam through scaring and intimidation; (2) the tendency to be tough on people, thus increasing obligatory duties and decreasing what is permissible; (3) inattention to the objectives of Shari'a and focusing on its literal aspect; (4) inattention to priorities; (5) belittling the role of the mind in Islamic conceptualization; (6) immersion in the past; and (7) Muslims' relationship with others. Nevertheless, rationalizing ‘religious discourse’ and working out a kind of consensus seems to be of utmost importance.

scholarly journals Concepciones ideológicas acerca del derecho en la obra de Cicerón

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Davidson
Keyword(s):  
De Re ◽  
De Legibus ◽  
Semiotic Approach

El análisis de De Legibus y De Re Publica permite reflexionar acerca de la ideología en, relación al derecho, subyacente en la obra de Cicerón, principal representante del pensamiento de los optimatas. Partiendo de referenciales semióticos, las obras son abordadas con el objeto de determinar las estructuras de tipo lógico-semántico más básicas, para observar el lugar que ocupaba el derecho en la cosmovisión de los «mejores ciudadanos», así como comprender por qué las leyes eran consideradas como legítimas o ilegítimas.The analysis of De Legibus and De Re Publica prompts thoughts about ideology with regard to law, a perception that permeates all of Cicero's work. The texts in question have been studied using a semiotic approach to determine the most basic types of logic-semantic structures, in order to determine the role played by law in the cosmo visión of the "best citizens", and thus understand how the legality and ¡liegality of law per ser, was determined.

The Symbolism of Colors in Art – Traditions and Modernity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Dimcheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ancient Times

The colors in art have always influenced the human consciousness through the power of the symbolism embedded in them from ancient times to the present. Some color values from the past are preserved for a long period of time, while others are transformed with a certain meaning in time, depending on various factors such as religion, cultural traditions, geographical location, etc. In modern times, the symbolic meaning of color is rethought with a new content, often uniting those laws that were once the basis of ancient knowledge.

Arcology, Arcosanti and the Green Urbanism Vision

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Rae
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steering Committee ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
The Past ◽  
Green Urbanism ◽  
Pedestrian Transportation ◽  
The City ◽  
Central Arizona

Arcosanti is a prototype city being built based on the visionary architect Paolo Soleri’s principles of Arcology which integrates architecture with ecology. Arcology proposes a compact three-dimensional urban form to provide a lean alternative to the unsustainable urban sprawl city form found in most of America. In its reduction of dependence on the automobile, reliance on pedestrian transportation, proximity to nature and proposal to have agriculture integrated into the city, Arcology is a vision of Green Urbanism. The design of Arcosanti incorporates Biophilic principles that preserve the biodiverse natural landscape, has a compact organic form, and functions with a circular metabolism that is analogous to nature when complete. Arcosanti, located in central Arizona, was begun in 1970 as an urban laboratory, and has been constructed by over 7,000 workshop volunteers over the past 45 years. Following Soleri's death in 2013, the Cosanti Foundation has established a Strategic Planning Steering Committee to help guide the continued development of Arcosanti as a prototype Arcology. The Strategic Plan will provide a framework for future organization and development. This article examines how the concept of Arcology and the development of the Arcosanti prototype encompasses principles of Green Urbanism and sustainable development.

Linguistic organization of the duality of mythological worlds in B. Pasternak’s poem "Wind" ("Veter")

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
I. V. Yakushevich
Keyword(s):  
Actual World ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Lexical Resources ◽  
Fictional World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Linguistic Means

This article presents a linguopoetic analysis of Boris Pasternak’s poem "Wind" ("Veter") from the position of the lingual embodiment of the duality of mythological worlds. This research focuses on the symbol of "the wind as a spirit", upon which the poem’s whole mystical idea relies. The purpose of this article is to reveal which the linguistic means used to translate the duality of mythological worlds, as well as how this cognition merges with the author’s experience and determines the poem’s figurative system and idea. The understanding of the duality of mythological worlds requires the law of participation (L. L vy-Bruhl) – the identification of the mental, emotional, and physical properties of a person and nature. In Pasternak’s poem, the suffering and rushing "I" of the deceased lyrical hero becomes the wind. In this study, the word-symbol "wind" is studied in the semantic and semiotic aspect as a sign. Its signifier is the lexeme wind meaning 'perceptual idea of an air flow'; signified – the symbolic meaning of 'spirit, soul, immortality', due to the etymological meaning of the word and pagan mythology. The results reveal that the symbol "wind" is the carrier of the duality of mythological worlds, and it programs the fictional world of the poem: on the one hand, these are the actual world of the lyrical heroine, the house, and the wind, which swings pine trees; on the other hand – the imaginary world of the spirit of the dead lyrical hero. The lexical resources of the poetic text translate this opposition in the ratio of the words I and wind, personal pronouns I and you, as well as the words ended and alive. At the grammatical level, the duality is expressed by the contrast of the verbal forms of the past and present time, as well as by the passage from the indirect thought (the lyrical hero’s mental monologue) to the 3rd person narrative about the wind and the pine trees and by the return of the poem to the lyrical hero’s indirect thought at the end. This is how Pasternak implements one of the main ideas of his novel "Doctor Zhivago" – the idea of immortality, which is confirmed in the article by referring to the novel’s macro context and biographical materials.

THE RITUAL MEANING OF MA'NENE 'FOR THE SOCIETY OF TORAJASPECIFIC AND CLEAR TITLE IN INDONESIAN (Makna Ritual Ma'nene bagi Masyarakat Toraja Sebagai Budaya Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARZIKO
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
New Religion

AbstractToraja culture with its authenticity makes this culture unique and cannot even be found in other areas. This uniqueness and authenticity is what makes Toraja culture known to foreign countries. Culture includes a way of thinking and a way of acting. This is characteristic of certain societies. This study aims to (1) find out the development of the Ma'nene 'ritual for the Toraja people and (2) to know the symbolic meaning contained in the Ma'nene' ritual. Ma'nene 'is a tradition of the ancestors of the Toraja people, namely the procession of changing ancestral clothes. This research is qulitative descriptive research. Research informants are determined by non?probability sampling. Primary data is carried out through observation and interviews with parties related to the research and secondary data is carried out through library research by reviewing some literature which isclosely related to the issues to be discussed. The data that has been collected is then presented in the form of realism narrative and analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that (1) the development of Ma'nene 'rituals that are still being carried out in the Toraja area until now has experienced many changes when compared to the Ma'nene' rituals that were carried out in the past. This is inseparable from the influence of the new religion adopted by the local community at this time which then replaced the previous religion, namely Aluk Todolo. (2) the meaning of Ma'nene 'for the Toraja people is through the ritual of caring for ancestral corpses carried out in this ritual, which is reflected in an attitude of continuing to love, respect and honor ancestral services.Keywords: makna, ritual, Ma’nene’, Toraja

Plato

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-128
Author(s):  
Caroline Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Similar Model ◽  
De Re ◽  
De Legibus ◽  
Classical Prose ◽  
Greek World

This chapter demonstrates how Cicero’s adaptation of Plato in his three dialogues De Oratore, De Re Publica, and De Legibus (as well as his translation of the Timaeus) reflects his desire to become a similar model of classical prose. An overview of Plato’s Hellenistic reception shows that he had become a weighty authority who could be used to support even discordant philosophical systems. Cicero learned this fact at first hand in the bitter quarrel between his two instructors (and members of Plato’s Academy) Philo of Larissa and Antiochus of Ascalon. But it was not just Academics who haggled over Plato: as classicism began to take hold in the Greek world, Plato became an important authority for Stoics and Peripatetics too. For Cicero, who desired to become a figure of similarly classical authority as the founder of Roman philosophy, Plato was the only logical choice of model.

The Politics of Memorial Representation: The Controversy Over the German Resistance Museum in 1994

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-81
Author(s):  
J. David Case
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Public Official ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Memorial Representation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Memorial Sites ◽  
Private Individual

The study of historical memory in its various forms is a burgeoningarea of inquiry among historians. The debate over public, official,government-supported memory and private individual memoriesreveals a complex dynamic among myth, memory, and history,which as Michel Foucault and others have argued, is simply the dominantform of memory in a society at a given time.1 Some of the mostrevealing instances of the intersection between public and privatememory are commemorations and memorial sites where personalmemories are created and sustained within the context of the officialrepresentation of the event and those involved. The constant need tolocate memories within a larger social frame of reference ensuresthat supporters of different memories of the same event will directlyand forcefully link images from the present with their memories ofthe past, no matter how incongruous these images may appear.

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