scholarly journals Britain and the Paraguayan Dictatorship, c. 1820–1840

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Alex Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Republican Government

Abstract Post-revolutionary Spanish America barely features in existing scholarship on nineteenth-century British political and social thought. But the region was widely discussed, and raised distinctive issues about republican government, the effects of colonial rule, and the operation of absolute power. This article examines how the British debated the autarchic dictatorship erected in newly independent Paraguay. Their attempts to make sense of this spectacular experiment in government, and its architect Dr Francia, helped to crystallize public attitudes towards the condition of Spanish America in the 1820s and 1830s. Francia's broader significance, however, was as a token in wider debates about the proper limits of republican and constitutional principles, and about the merits of arbitrary directive rule in less developed polities. For his admirers, he cast light on how other comparable regimes had gone wrong.

“A Stalwart Motor of Revolutions”: An American Merchant in Pernambuco, 1817-1825

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin A. Fitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Thomas Jefferson ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
New Order ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Old World ◽  
Republican Government

A new order for the New World was unfolding in the early nineteenth century, or so many in the United States believed. Between 1808 and 1825, all of Portuguese America and nearly all of Spanish America broke away from Europe, casting off Old World monarchs and inaugurating home-grown governments instead. People throughout the United States looked on with excitement, as the new order seemed at once to vindicate their own revolution as well as offer new possibilities for future progress. Free from obsolete European alliances, they hoped, the entire hemisphere could now rally together around republican government and commercial reciprocity. Statesmen and politicians were no exception, as men from Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe to John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay tried to exclude European influence from the hemisphere while securing new markets for American manufactures and agricultural surplus.

scholarly journals Thomas Jefferson on Indigence in Spanish America

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Zoltán Vajda
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Thomas Jefferson ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century

As has been amply documented, Thomas Jefferson expressed a sincere interest in thepeoples of Spanish America with the waning of colonial rule in the early nineteenth century. Iargue in this paper that a substantial portion of his vision was comprised by implying SpanishAmerican societies as ones defined through poverty. His understanding of indigence amongpeoples of the region was not simply confined to describing their economic condition, but waslinked to a moral-political vision with the problem of independence as the major issue relatedeconomic poverty. I also contend, at the same time, that Jefferson in fact articulated his hope thatSpanish American nations would be able to develop a republican structure of government, madepossible by the special economic situation of the Western hemisphere, thus also implying thechance of tackling poverty there.

A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Twain ◽  
Daniel Carter Beard
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Mark Twain ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Original Drawings

When A Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur’s Court was published in 1889, Mark Twain was undergoing a series of personal and professional crises. Thus what began as a literary burlesque of British chivalry and culture grew into a disturbing satire of modern technology and social thought. The story of Hank Morgan, a nineteenth-century American who is accidentally returned to sixth-century England, is a powerful analysis of such issues as monarchy versus democracy and free will versus determinism, but it is also one of Twain’s finest comic novels, still fresh and funny after more than 100 years. In his introduction, M. Thomas Inge shows how A Connecticut Yankee develops from comedy to tragedy and so into a novel that remains a major literary and cultural text for new generations of readers. This edition reproduces a number of the original drawings by Dan Beard, of whom Twain said ‘he not only illustrates the text but he illustrates my thoughts’.

From Hospitality to Hostility: Ibadan and Strangers, 1830–1904

1985 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyin Falola
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
City State ◽  
The City

The view that Ibadan society in the nineteenth century did not discriminate against strangers, irrespective of their origins in Yorubaland, is now firmly entrenched in the literature. To be sure, Ibadan, a new nineteenth-century Yoruba city-state, founded as a consequence of the political crises of the early decades of the century, did maintain an ‘open door’ policy to strangers, many of whom went there as adventurers, craftsmen and traders, hoping to acquire wealth and fame. This article, however, controverts the view that Ibadan society gave the strangers and the indigenes equal opportunities to wealth and power. It argues that all the key political offices went only to the Oyo-Ibadan group which dominated the city-state. Strangers were also not allowed to participate fully in the leading heights of the economy, with the result that most of the wealthy citizens were also of Oyo-Yoruba origin.In the 1890s discrimination against strangers was such that a number of moves were made to expel them. However, the British, who imposed colonial rule on Ibadan in 1893, were against the expulsion of strangers.

Colonialism and the Decline of the Traditional Metal Industry of the Igbo, Nigeria

Itinerario ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.N. Njoku
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Metal Industry ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Agricultural Equipment ◽  
High Level

At the close of the nineteenth century, that is on the eve of colonial rule in Igboland, Igbo metal industry was flourishing. Production had attained a high level in the range and the quality of output. The output included agricultural equipment, traps and guns as well as title insignia and ornaments, mosdy made of copper and brass. The demand for die smiths' products were widespread and seemingly insatiable. To serve the need of dieir widely dispersed customers and patrons, Igbo smiths from Abiriba, Agulu Amokwe, Agulu Umana, Awka, and Nkwere undertook regular tours of parts of soudi-eastern Nigeria and even beyond – up to die Niger-Benue confluence area; past die Edo country to Ondo Yorubaland; and to the Bamenda district of die Cameroons. The superiority of Igbo metalworking led, in some of these places, to the demise of the local industry.

Debt, Trust, and Reputation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schwecke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Trust And Reputation ◽  
Active Interest ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Starting in the late nineteenth century, colonial rule in India took an active interest in regulating financial markets beyond the bridgeheads of European capital in intercontinental trade. Regulatory efforts were part of a modernizing project seeking to produce alignments between British and Indian business procedures, and to create the financial basis for incipient industrialization in India. For vast sections of Indian society, however, they pushed credit/debt relations into the realm of extra-legality, while the new, regulated agents of finance remained incapable (and unwilling) of serving their needs. Combining historical and ethnographic approaches, the book questions underlying assumptions of modernization in finance that continue to prevail in postcolonial India, and delineates the socioeconomic responses they produced, and studies the reputational economies of debt that have emerged instead – extra-legal markets embedded into communication flows on trust and reputation that have turned out to be significantly more exploitative than their colonial predecessors.

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