Work time lost to sickness, unemployment and stoppages: measurement and application

1990 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Haberman ◽  
D. S. F. Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Personal Injury ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Fatal Accident ◽  
Actuarial Assessment ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Multiple State

AbstractThe paper considers a number of methods of estimating the work time lost due to sickness, unemployment and stoppages. The most satisfactory approach suggested is based on a multiple state working life table. Numerical examples of the measurement of work time lost are provided for particular application to the actuarial assessment of damages (arising out of personal injury or fatal accident). Other applications, including the pricing of unemployment insurance, are also discussed.

Actuarial Assessment of Damages

1968 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Prevett
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Personal Injury ◽  
Fatal Accident ◽  
Actuarial Assessment ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Personal Injury Litigation ◽  
Actuarial Approach ◽  
The Law ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Law Commission

The purpose of this paper is to provide an opportunity for discussion within our profession of ‘the use of an actuarial approach and actuarial evidence’ in the assessment of damages arising out of personal injury and fatal accident litigation. The need for such a paper was intimated in the pages of our Journal by William Phillips in his Review of Principles of the Law of Damages by Professor Harry Street. Since the publication of what Phillips described as ‘from the actuarial point of view…the most important legal textbook which has been published in the last 50 years’ the employment of actuaries in this field has been widely discussed within the legal profession. The most important recent development has been the inclusion of personal injury litigation as Item VI of the first programme of the Law Commission set up by the Law Commission Act, 1965. The words quoted in the first sentence above are taken from the list of ‘Questions for Examination’ under (b) of Item VI, ‘Assessment of Damages’. The current examination being conducted by the Law Commission makes this a particularly appropriate time for a sessional meeting on this subject. The writer has had the advantage of a sight of a preliminary Working Paper prepared by the Law Commission and will be quoting certain extracts from that paper below. It must however be stressed that the Working Paper is a preliminary one which attempts to do no more than canvass views: it in no way sets out the conclusions of the Law Commission on the matters discussed.

‘What the hell is a high standard?’ The Swedish Employers’ Confederation and the six-hour workday debate in the mid 1970s

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-656
Author(s):  
Mikael Ottosson ◽  
Calle Rosengren
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Time Reduction ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World

A concept that lies at the heart of political rhetoric is that of ‘workfare’. The issue, however, is what types of arguments have been invoked to assert the value of the concept. During the 1960s and 1970s, extensive criticism emerged towards a working life that was said to hinder women’s emancipation; a working life that wasted resources and had a negative impact on the environment; a working life that sought material consumerism rather than quality of life. The demand for a work time reduction also received much support. In this article, we have studied the use of language that The Swedish Employers’ Confederation used when publicly formulating their stances on the work time issue in 1975. We have chosen to highlight the argument contained in a discussion pamphlet published by Swedish Employers’ Confederation, in a situation where the use of language was determined by the left-wing movement, and solidarity, international aid and daycare places were keywords, rather than growth and consumption. The arguments employed in the discussion pamphlet were based in the idea that non-work entails a lack of solidarity for social development. Those who desired a work time reduction were portrayed by Swedish Employers’ Confederation as environmental villains and opponents to the liberation of both oppressed women and the impoverished of the third world. Swedish Employers’ Confederation’s pamphlet can be regarded as an example on how capitalism may handle major criticism. By reversing the meaning of the core concepts of the criticism, opponents’ arguments were assimilated, which contributed to a new rationalization of the capitalism. One of the major contributions from our study to the research field is an improved understanding of how this process developed.

scholarly journals Actuarial assessment of damages in personal injury litigation: how precise are we?

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
F. W. H. Chan ◽  
W.-S. Chan ◽  
J. S. H. Li
Keyword(s):  
Personal Injury ◽  
Actuarial Assessment ◽  
Personal Injury Litigation

Swedish Adult Education: An Undeveloped Road toward an Extended Working Life: Table 1.

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clary Krekula ◽  
Lars-Gunnar Engström
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Working Life

scholarly journals Provisional Estimates of Length of Working life in Pakistan

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
Lee L. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Male Population

Life table techniques have been used fairly widely to determine the working life of the labour force or work-life expectancy [6; 7; 8; 18; 23]. The length of working life in developing countries, however, is often unknown or estimates are based upon very rigid assumptions which are not realistic given the conditions of labour in such countries. For example, Mortara's international comparisons are based upon the assumption that the activity ages are always 15 to 60 years only (6]. Such an assumption leads to a low estimate of work-life expectancy in count¬ries such as Pakistan where the lower age of large scale labour force participation is, at a minimum, age 10 as officially defined in the labour force statistics and where individuals apparently maintain some connection with the labour force during latter years of life. Specific estimates of the length of working life depend upon fairly refined data including age specific activity rates and a life table. The 1961 Census of Pakistan and the Population Growth Estimation project make such data now available for Pakistan. It is therefore the purpose of this paper to utilize these data to generate and evaluate work-life tables for the male population of East and West Pakistan. This study is restricted to males since female labour force participation in Pakistan is low and the movement of women in and out of the labour force presents many unique problems which have only recently been solved in countries where extensive statistical data are available. Furthermore the analysis presented here deals with the two provinces separately because of mortality [4] and labour differences.

scholarly journals Association between diastolic blood pressure and cumulative work time

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cordeiro ◽  
Euclydes Custódio de Lima Filho
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Potential Confounding Factor ◽  
Work Time ◽  
In The Beginning

Diastolic blood pressure was viewed as a generic indicator of aging, and its association with cumulative work time was studied after controlling for age as a potential confounding factor. The study was conducted among production line workers at a Brazilian tannery in July 1993. The association between diastolic blood pressure and cumulative work time was verified by fitting a second-order linear regression model, where diastolic blood pressure was a function of worker's age and cumulative work time. By fitting the model, one can predict that, in the beginning of working life at the tannery, on average each 1-year period is associated with an increase of about 1.5 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. The fit obtained highlights one component directly associated with work as part of the rate of pressure increase in the study group. This component is twice as high as that directly associated with age.

scholarly journals Performing work: The drama of everyday working life

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calle Rosengren
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Stress And Health

In this article, a perspective on work time patterns is outlined; a perspective that emphasizes the importance of observing how work time is subject not only to task and contract agreements but also to social norms and individual needs to express identity. The article takes its starting point in Goffman's dramaturgic approach. From this perspective, the workplace is viewed as a stage where a satisfactory work performance is judged not by the actual work performance but by the performance of work; or rather, perhaps, by how a morally good working day is enacted through text, words, and gestures. Depending on social context work, time patterns can be seen as an expression of commitment, dedication, professionalism, and masculinity. The article concludes with a discussion on the potential implications of these issues regarding stress and health, as well as the possibilities of participation in the labor market under equal conditions.

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