MICHAEL M. GUNTER, The Kurdish Predicament in Iraq: A Political Analysis (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999), Pp. 191. $39.95 cloth.

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-332
Author(s):  
NADER ENTESSAR
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
English Language ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Democratic Elections

This work is a follow-up to Michael Gunter's earlier book, The Kurds of Iraq: Tragedy and Hope (St. Martin's Press, 1992). In that book, which was published shortly after the first democratic elections in Iraqi Kurdistan and the subsequent establishment of the Kurdish regional government (KRG), Gunter was somewhat optimistic about the prospects for realizing Kurdish national aspirations in Iraq. The book under review, however, strikes a more pessimistic tone based on political developments in Iraqi Kurdistan in the 1990s. The main focus of the book is on the causes of continuing conflict between the two major Iraqi Kurdish parties—namely, the Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK)—since the end of the 1991 Gulf War and the establishment of the autonomous Kurdish region in northern Iraq. The author uses a variety of sources, including interviews with principal Kurdish players and English-language publications.

Zukunfts-Optionen von Kurden in Eurasien

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 2-30
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Hennerbichler
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
The Status ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran

The Iraqi Kurdistan Independence Referendum of September 25th, 2017, initiated by the longstanding President of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (elected in office from 13 June 2005 to 19 August 2015) did not serve as basis for the declaration of an independent Kurdish state in Northern Iraq in the foreseeable future. It was, rather, intended to strengthen his own domestic political position of power as well as that one of other leading politicians of the Barzani family and of the currently governing Kurdistan Democratic Party Iraq. The Referendum aggravated the persisting constitutional crisis in Iraq since 2005 in to date unresolved crucial questions, above all regarding the status of Kirkuk and other „disputed territories“, enabled the Islamic Republic of Iran to further extend its influence on Iraq and beyond via pro-Iranian Shia-Proxy-Militias and last but not least also intensified various crises in the Middle East and Eurasia substantially.

scholarly journals NORTHERN IRAQ IN TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF TURGUT OZAL (1987–1993)

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-133
Author(s):  
Kirill Vertyaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Persian Gulf War ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Turkish Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Paradigm ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
The Persian Gulf

This article studies Turkish foreign relations with elites from among Iraqi Kurds during the presidency of Turgut Ozal. The article identifies a group of factors that have influenced and changed the foreign policy paradigm of Turkey in the early 90s in an effort to take control of the processes within Iraqi Kurdistan (Northern Iraq).The events are shown against the backdrop of the strengthening of the Kurdish factor in Iraq during the Persian Gulf War against Saddam Hussayin and immediately after it. The article notes that foreign policy approaches of President Turgut Ozal formed the basis of the foreign policy strategy of the Party of Justice and Development (AKP).

Turks’ operation in northern Iraq is set to defeat PKK

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Kurdistan Workers Party

Subject Turkey’s well-planned operation against PKK base in Iraq. Significance After several months of quietly building up an expeditionary force in northern Iraq, Turkey is now sending its soldiers steadily deeper into the country to cut off the headquarters of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) on Mount Qandil in Iraqi Kurdistan on the Iranian border. Its soldiers now control a zone 30 kilometres inside the Iraqi border; advanced units have reached Erbil province, which adjoins Qandil. Behind-the-scenes diplomacy has broadly cleared the operation with Turkey’s regional neighbours, including the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Iraq. Impacts Turkey will woo the KRG with infrastructure and economic projects, including new roads and communications. Turkish-Iranian cooperation will increase. Arab opposition will mount to the Turkish presence in Iraq and Syria. Russia may try to broker a PKK surrender and exodus.

Minority Representation and Reserved Legislative Seats in Iraqi Kurdistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-402
Author(s):  
Farhad Hassan Abdullah ◽  
Hawre Hasan Hama
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Religious Minority ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
History Of ◽  
Democratic Stability

Ethnic and religious minorities have played a significant role in the long history of Kurdistan. At an official level, their political position was significantly strengthened with the advent of autonomy for the Kurdistan Region in northern Iraq in 1992. Most importantly, a quota system was established that reserved seats for several minority groups in the Kurdistan Parliament, often cited as an example of tolerance for diversity and respect for minority rights. Nevertheless, there is a lack of empirical research examining how ethnic and religious quotas affect democratic stability, quality of representation, and opportunities to represent authentic interests within the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). The politicians who occupy the reserved seats have come under criticism for merely supporting the policy programs of the dominant Kurdish parties, which deprives ethnic and religious minority groups of authentic representation and exposes the minority parties to allegations that they are politically exploited. This article analyzes the dynamics of minority political participation in Iraqi Kurdistan, how representation has been affected by the dominance of the ruling parties, and factors that guide the behavior of minority politicians while serving in quota-allocated positions. It also examines the effects of reserving seats through the quota system on the political behavior of minority groups. To these ends, this article focuses on parliamentary quotas and their impact on democratic stability, decision-making, and the empowerment of minority groups in the Kurdistan Region.

Book Reviews

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 251-292
Author(s):  
Tor A. Åfarli ◽  
Jarosław Jakielaszek ◽  
Iwona Witczak-Plisiecka ◽  
Wiktor Pskit ◽  
Jolanta Szpyra-Kozłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
English Language ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Adverbial Modification ◽  
Secondary Predication ◽  
Oxford University Press

Nikolaus P. Himmelmann, Eva F. Schultze-Berndt (eds), Secondary Predication and Adverbial Modification: The Typology of Depictives, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. xxv + 448 pages Edward L. Keenan, Edward P. Stabler, Bare Grammar: Lectures on Linguistic Invariants. Stanford: CSLI Publications, 2003. 192 pp. Siobhan Chapman, Thinking about Language. Theories of English. Houndsmills and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. X + 174 pages. pb (Series: Perspectives on the English Language) Judith Rodby, W. Ross Winterowd, The Uses of Grammar, Oxford: Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. xiv + 274 pp. Laura J. Downing, Alan T. Hall and Renate Raffelsiefen (eds), Paradigms in Phonological Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. 349 pages. Max W. Wheeler, The Phonology of Catalan. (The Phonology of the World’s Languages). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. XI + 387 pp. Jan-Olof Svantesson, Anna Tsendina, Anastasia Karlson, and Vivan Franzén, The Phonology of Mongolian. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Pp. xix + 314. Cliff Goddard, The Languages of East and Southeast Asia. An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. pp. xvi + 315.

The Language of New Terrorism: Differences in Psychological Dimensions of Communication in Dabiq and Inspire

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Vergani ◽  
Ana-Maria Bliuc
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
English Language ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Psychological Dimensions ◽  
New Terrorism

We investigate differences in the psychological aspects underpinning Western mobilisation of two terrorist groups by analysing their English-language propaganda. Based on a computerized analysis of the language used in two English-language online magazines circulated by ISIS and al-Qaeda (i.e., Dabiq and Inspire), we found significant differences in their language - the ISIS’ language being higher in authoritarianism and its level of religiousness. In a follow-up experimental study, we found that being high in religiousness and authoritarianism predicts more positive attitudes towards the language used by ISIS, but not towards the language used by al-Qaeda. The results suggest that ISIS’ propaganda may be more effective in mobilising individuals who are more authoritarian and more focused on religion than that of al-Qaeda. These findings are consistent with the behaviour observed in recent homegrown terrorist attacks in the USA and Europe.

The American Opera Company

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine K. Preston
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
General Public ◽  
English Language ◽  
General Lack ◽  
American Opera ◽  
National Opera ◽  
Public Society

This chapter focuses on the philanthropist Jeannette Thurber, who founded the American (National) Opera Company (1885) to encourage high-caliber performances of continental operas translated into English. Her company was heavily subsidized by New York society and supported by establishment music critics. But both Thurber and her musical director Theodore Thomas misunderstood the American opera audience, and mounted serious works designed for cultural uplift, to the neglect of Italian and French operas that were popular among the general public. Society members were not interested in English-language opera because it was not sufficiently exclusive; middle-class operagoers were repelled both by the trappings of elitism and the expensive tickets. A close reinterpretation of the company’s failure reveals much about American operatic taste; it is also important in the context of this book because scholars have blamed the company’s spectacular demise on a general lack of support for English-language opera.

Canada

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Parker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Canadian Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Queen's University ◽  
American Authors

This chapter discusses the history of fiction publishing in Canada since 1950. It begins with the arrival of New York publisher Alfred Knopf in Canada in August 1955, a month after the Canadian Writers' Conference was held at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. During the conference, the sorry plight of the English-language book scene was tackled: bookstores, for example, were dominated by British and American authors, and Canadian literature was practically ignored in schools and universities. The chapter examines how many of these complaints were resolved by the 2000s. It considers changes in Canadian fiction from traditional realism towards modernism and postmodernism, and the importance of the New Canadian Library quality paperback series (1958). It also describes other significant developments that reshaped the Canadian book market, including the emergence of independent small presses, Harlequin Enterprises, the proliferation of international conglomerates, the marketing of e-books, and the rise of Amazon.

Low Vision Services in an Agency: Structure and Philosophy

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Eleanor E. Faye ◽  
Clare M. Hood
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Medical Director ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Services ◽  
Full Discussion ◽  
Loan System ◽  
Training Services ◽  
And Training

The development and present structure of the comprehensive Low Vision Service of the New York Association for the Blind are used as the basis for a full discussion of the operation of such a clinical service, including its positive and negative features. The clinic is administered by a medical director and by an administrator who coordinates the work of a staff consisting of ophthalmologists, optometrists, low vision assistants, volunteers, registrar, and receptionist. A separate Optical Aids Service stocks low vision aids which it sells by prescription to clinics, doctors, and patients within and without the agency. Referrals for special services are made to the other departments of the agency. Also described are the low vision examination itself, follow-up and training services, and the aid loan system.

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