Market conditions of international VET providers: a comparative analysis of Australia, UK, USA, and Germany

VET (vocational education and training) is a highly complex, multidimensional worldwide phenomenon with diverse structures. Additionally, very different actors define the functions of a national (or even a regional) VET system. The paper contributes to a better understanding of the policy frameworks and current states of such systems. Therefore, we focus on selected VET systems in order to understand their specifics and thus, their market conditions. A qualitative approach is used to answer the research question regarding which conditions create or support market-based opportunities for the provision of commercial vocational training services. We find that the liberalism and deregulation of the VET sectors, as well as the marketisation of VET practices, lead to incentives to internationalise VET offers. Thinking in terms of skills, the kind of education system does not play a role. This is the case in liberal market-driven VET approaches (here, the UK, the USA and Australia) and is mirrored in the micro-analysis categories of curricula, learning location, content, and learning process.

Regional variations in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, routes to diagnosis, treatment and survival in England

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence, management and survival across England were examined to determine if geographical inequalities exist. Method 15,468 HCC cases diagnosed 2010–2016 were included. Age-standardised incidence rates, net survival and proportions receiving potentially curative treatment and presenting through each route to diagnosis adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex and area-based deprivation quintile, were calculated overall and by Cancer Alliance. Results HCC incidence rates increased in men from 6.2 per 100,000 in 2010 to 8.8 in 2016, and in women from 1.5 to 2.2. The highest incidence rates, found in parts of the North of England and London, were nearly double the lowest. The adjusted proportion presenting as an emergency ranged 27–41% across Cancer Alliances. Odds increased with increasing deprivation quintile and age. Only one in five patients received potentially curative treatment (range 15–28%) and odds decreased with increasing deprivation and age. One-year survival in 2013–2016 ranged 38–53%. Conclusion This population-based, nationwide analysis demonstrates clear differences in HCC incidence, management and survival across England. It highlights socioeconomic-associated variation and the need for improvement in early diagnosis and curative treatment of HCC. This research should assist policymakers, service providers and clinicians to identify regions where additional training, services and resources would be best directed.

Banks' support for the development of internationalization in Brazil: a perspective from Brazilian export companies

PurposeBanks play a crucial role in the sustainable development of exports as they finance much of the trade. Additionally, in Brazil's case, banks provide exporting companies with advisory and training services, which facilitate the internationalization process. This work aims to analyze the role of public and private banks in the export process of companies in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachInterviews are conducted with a sample of 318 Brazilian exporting companies. Two research questions are posed: What type of export services do companies use from public and private banks in Brazil? Is exporting companies' access to credit, as a type of banking service, related to their size or export experience? A descriptive study of the functions of public and private banks in helping Brazilian exports is presented. Hypotheses are proposed regarding companies' access to credit and its relationship with their size and export experience.FindingsIt is found that public and private banks in Brazil provide exporting companies with banking services, other services related to technical aspects, and export consulting. There are significant differences in access to credit in both public and private banks, depending on the exporting company's size.Originality/valueThis work contributes to the internationalization literature on the role of banks in supporting exports in an emerging country like Brazil.

Differences in Access to Athletic Trainers in Public Secondary Schools Based on Socioeconomic Status

Context: Significant health care disparities exist in the United States based on socioeconomic status (SES) but the role SES has on secondary school athletes' access to athletic training services has not been examined on a national scale. Objective: To identify differences in access to athletic training services in public secondary schools based on school-SES. Design: Cross-Sectional Study Setting: Database secondary analysis. Patients or Other Participants: Data for 3,482 public high schools. Main Outcome Measures: Data were gathered from the Athletic Training Location and Services (ATLAS) database, United States Census Bureau, and National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). We included schools from 5 states with the highest, middle, and lowest poverty percentages (15 states total) and collected county median household income (MHI), percentage of students eligible for free and reduced lunch, race/ethnicity demographics, and access to athletic training services (full-time AT, part-time AT only, no AT) for each school. Data were summarized in standard deviations, means, medians, interquartile ranges (IQR), frequencies and proportions, one-way ANOVAs, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: There were significant differences in school-SES between schools with full-time, part-time only, and no athletic training services. Schools with greater access to athletic training services had fewer students eligible for free and reduced lunch (full-time: 41.1%±22.3, part-time only: 45.8%±24.3, no AT: 52.9%±24.9, p<0.001). Similarly, county MHI was higher in schools with increased access to athletic training services (full-time: Median [IQR], $56,026 [$49,085–$64,557], part-time only: Median [IQR], $52,719 [$45,355–$62105], and no AT: Median [IQR], $49,584 [$41,094–$57,688], p<0.001). Conclusions: SES disparities were present in access to athletic training services in a national sample of public secondary schools. Access to athletic trainers positively influences student-athlete's health care across several measures. Pilot programs or government funds have been used previously to fund athletic training services and should be considered to ensure equitable access regardless of school-SES.

Risk Management of Training Services in PT MMK

One of the business training services that is rapidly grown is at the Occupational Health and Safety (Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3)) training services. PT MMK is a K3 training service company that has been developed since 2016. However, PT MMK faces some risks in its business activities. There are various problems and potential risks faced by PT MMK, so it needs a business risk management observation. The research aimed to identify and analyze the level of risk faced by PT MMK by applying a quantitative method. The primary and secondary data were used. Sampling was carried out by using non-probability techniques with purposive sampling through the expert judgment approach. There were eight respondents in the research. Meanwhile, the applied analytical methods were Cochran analysis and Godfrey risk map. The result shows that based on four divisions, PT MMK has 30 internal risks and 8 external risks. There are 4 low-level risks, 14 moderate-level risks, 19 high-level risks, and 1 extreme-level risk. Based on the highest risks, PT MMK should do detailed budgeting, so there is no over cost based on the previous training budget. Moreover, the company can also expand its market share to the other companies by offering its training.

Factors Affecting Learners’ Satisfaction and Loyalty to the Vietnamese American Training Center, Can Tho City

The objective of the study is to determine factors affecting the satisfaction and loyalty of learners to the quality of training services at the Vietnamese American Training Center (VATC) in Can Tho City. The research data were collected from 200 learners studying at VATC Can Tho. Applying structural equation modeling (SEM), the study has demonstrated four factors affecting learner satisfaction, including textbooks and materials; managerial and administrative procedures; facilities, and training programs. Besides, the study has pointed out that satisfaction positively affects learners’ loyalty to VATC Can Tho. Some managerial implications to improve learners’ satisfaction and loyalty to VATC Can Tho were suggested such as Develop training programs, Upgrade learning materials, Improve administrative procedures, and Enhance the center's facilities. Keywords: satisfaction, loyalty, Vietnamese American Training Center.

Yeni İletişim Modelleme Sistemlerinin Eğitim Teknolojisinin Geliştirilmesindeki Rolü

Developed personality, learning takes place, locations offering training services which are produced and these developments are certainly not outside the schools, is not. Secondary educational institutions, especially in recent years, one of the most significant trends in the field of education has been individualization. Taking into account the individual growth rates of students in the students progress at their own speed, giving the students' attention and interest them, providing timely and useful feedback, which includes a difficult and dangerous to be seen and tested, and that the classroom environment, using the format of the game a more permanent way students learn topics and understanding the teacher's guide that allows the computer to examine the application of computer support tools that today's education system, rooted in the sense of innovation in education, especially Fatih Project, the subject of this thesis attempts to examine the selection has been effective. Key Words: Educational Technology, New Communication Technologies, New Media Systems, Mobile Learning.

FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION ON QUALITY OF TRAINING SERVICES OF STUDENTS STUDYING AT THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL - THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

Sự cạnh tranh giữa các trường đại học với nhau trong việc thu hút sinh viên đòi hỏi ban lãnh đạo các trường đại học cần lắng nghe tiếng nói của sinh viên, khảo sát sự cảm nhận của sinh viên về dịch vụ đào tạo nhà trường đang cung cấp để biết sinh viên muốn gì và cần gì. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá thực trạng chất lượng dịch vụ đào tạo tại Khoa Quốc tế - Đại học Thái Nguyên và ảnh hưởng của nó tới sự hài lòng của sinh viên. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện thông qua khảo sát bằng bảng hỏi 220 sinh viên từ năm thứ nhất đến năm thứ tư được lựa chọn theo phương pháp ngẫu nhiên phân tích. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy mức độ cảm thông, cơ sở vật chất, độ tin cậy, nhân viên và mức độ đáp ứng có ảnh hưởng tích cực đến sự hài lòng của sinh viên đến chất lượng dịch vụ đào tạo tại Khoa Quốc tế - Đại học Thái Nguyên. Dựa vào kết quả nghiên cứu, một số kiến nghị đã được đề xuất nhằm nâng cao chất lượng dịch vụ đào tạo góp phần nâng cao chất lượng đào tạo và thu hút người học trong và ngoài nước tới học tập tại Khoa Quốc tế - Đại học Thái Nguyên.

Developing a conceptual framework for (educational service) marketing competencies of faculty members

The present study was to establish a conceptual framework for faculty members' personal marketing (training services) competencies. Assuming that universities are the highest institutes of learning with the aim of promoting knowledge transfer, providing human resource training in various fields of science and technology, providing higher education and research services; They need competent faculty members to achieve these goals. In this qualitative study, documentary analysis was used to evaluate all books, print and electronic resources and resources in the fields of marketing and branding, using note-taking forms as data collection tools. Qualitative analysis and further coding were used to analyze the data. The results of expert opinions also showed that one of the most important personal marketing competencies of faculty members is a significant relationship between knowledge competencies and behavioral and behavioral competencies.