FROM PROPERTY TO CIVIL SOCIETY: THE HISTORICAL TRANSFORMATION OFVAKIFS IN MODERN TURKEY (1923–2013)

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizem Zencirci
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Neoliberal Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Function ◽  
A Site ◽  
Meaning And Function ◽  
Development Discourses

AbstractIn this article, I argue that shifting development discourses have shaped the meaning and function ofvakıfs (religious endowments) in Turkey since the establishment of the republic in 1923. I identify three periods defined by their distinctive development discourse, and show how each of these discourses madevakıfs into both an object and a site of development. In the etatist discourse of the 1930s,vakıfs were articulated as national treasures tasked with financing state-led economic development. With the shift to a mixed economy discourse in the 1960s,vakıfs were reconfigured as private philanthropic foundations expected to create a skilled labor force. The neoliberal development discourse of the 1980s transformedvakıfs into welfare organizations focused on poverty. This article shows that in all three of these periods, the relationship between state, Islam, economy, and society was articulated, legitimized, and consolidated with reference to a seemingly stagnant but in fact malleable institution inherited from the Ottoman Empire—thevakıf. I refer to this process as the “local production of development,” a conceptualization emphasizing how global discourses of development are formed and transformed at the local level.

Introduction

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Soviet Authority ◽  
Close Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function ◽  
Single Locality ◽  
Karaganda Region

This chapter first sets out the book's purpose, namely to explore the role played by the Gulag in the Soviet polity. It provides a close study of the camps and exiles in the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan along with a general reconsideration of the scope, meaning, and function of the Gulag in Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union. Focusing on Karaganda offers a number of benefits to an examination of the history of the Gulag. First, a concentrated look at a single locality allows for a study of the massive phenomenon of the Gulag without giving up the chronological breadth that is important to understanding shifts in its operations through the period (approximately 1930–57) when it was at its height. Second, exploring the Gulag at the local level reveals the operation of the system at the very point of contact between Soviet authority and its detained subjects. The chapter then describes the sources upon which the book is based, followed by an overview of the subsequent chapters.

Religious Social Movements and Economic Welfare in Modern Turkey

2015 ◽  
pp. 257-278
Author(s):  
Cemile Zehra Köroğlu ◽  
Muhammet Ali Köroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Social Movements ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Social Movement ◽  
Political Economic

In all societies, there have been some movements that point out social, political, economic, ideological, or moral problems or aim at partial or complete change. This chapter discusses the new meanings attributed to the concept of social movements in the postmodern era. A theoretical framework is proposed to understand the nature of social movements since the 1960s and to demonstrate their differences from classical movements. Turkey provides a particularly rich context with high potential for social movements, both with secular and religious aspirations. Religious social movements have shown quite a tense relationship with the state throughout the history of the republic; yet, they have gained power and prosperity through evolving liberal economic policies since the 1980s. Therefore, resource mobilization and new social movement paradigms are used in this chapter to explain Turkey's religious social movements today.

scholarly journals UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY AND PROCESSES OF DECENTRALIZATION IN UKRAINE AND FOREIGN STATES: FEATURES OF CREATION AND FUNCTIONING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Oleksii Piddubnyi ◽  
Viktoriia Oleksiuk
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Neighboring State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Positive Results

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the creation and functioning of a united territorial community in Ukraine and foreign countries. It is determined that the reform process in Ukraine at the legislative level is quite fast, but implementation is lagging behind in some places. It is determined that the European Union has a certain influence on the implementation of transformations in Ukraine. In addition, they are all aimed at ensuring the proper depth and pace of decentralization. At the local level, however, there is growing dissatisfaction with the chaos in decentralization and frustration with the lack of promised positive results, although decentralization has been going on for more than seven years. It is emphasized that in order to prepare the infrastructure, to achieve a real decentralization of power, which is now so much talked about in Ukraine, the neighboring state (which, incidentally, is often equated with Ukraine) Poland, worked long: it took only ten years to develop only decentralization plan. In the countries of "old" Europe, for example in Germany, the reform of local self-government (as a rule, took place within the framework of the reform of the administrative-territorial system) began in the 1960s and in some places continues to this day. However, there are states, of course, that have had several months or weeks to implement decentralization projects. It is concluded that if we compare the time limits of the formation of UTC in Ukraine and other countries, it is likely that the experience of the Republic of Poland, was used by Ukraine to some extent. Despite the fact that in Ukraine the process of UTC formation is essentially completed, the first elections were held in almost all of them. However, the ability of such UTCs to perform the role and functions defined by Ukrainian law remains unresolved. And in this case, the experience of Latvia, in the form of subsidies from the state budget - would be very appropriate for use in such decentralization processes.

Religious Social Movements and Economic Welfare in Modern Turkey

2015 ◽  
pp. 948-969
Author(s):  
Cemile Zehra Köroğlu ◽  
Muhammet Ali Köroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Social Movements ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Social Movement ◽  
Political Economic

In all societies, there have been some movements that point out social, political, economic, ideological, or moral problems or aim at partial or complete change. This chapter discusses the new meanings attributed to the concept of social movements in the postmodern era. A theoretical framework is proposed to understand the nature of social movements since the 1960s and to demonstrate their differences from classical movements. Turkey provides a particularly rich context with high potential for social movements, both with secular and religious aspirations. Religious social movements have shown quite a tense relationship with the state throughout the history of the republic; yet, they have gained power and prosperity through evolving liberal economic policies since the 1980s. Therefore, resource mobilization and new social movement paradigms are used in this chapter to explain Turkey's religious social movements today.

scholarly journals Decolonial Turns and Development Discourse in Africa: Reflections on Masculinity and Pan-Africanism

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
Ama Biney
Keyword(s):  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
World Order ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Pan Africanism ◽  
Poverty Reduction Strategy ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
A Site ◽  
Challenging Question ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programmes

The Euro-American hegemonic control of epistemology has produced the current modern and patriarchal world order underpinned by a Manichean outlook in which Africa is considered a site of inferior people enveloped by lack of development. This article deploys the concept of decolonial turns to understand how Euro-American thought has produced ideas of development within which Africa emerges as lacking development. It posits that Euro-American discourse of development has continued to inform those processes that resulted in the impoverishment of the African continent. The discourse was articulated in the guise of modernization theory of the 1960s and now exists in the current Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers that have currently replaced the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) of the 1980s and 1990s. The challenging question from a decolonial perspective for this article is whether pan-Africanism of the 21st century is able to provide the intellectual counter-weight to Euro-American epistemological domination. The article also delves deeper into question of masculinity and patriarchy that also contribute to poverty in Africa.

“Because every recipient is also a potential patient” – TV Health Programmes in the FRG and the GDR, from the 1960s to the 1980s

Gesnerus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-191
Author(s):  
Susanne Vollberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Continuous Coverage ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Television Programme ◽  
East German ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Function

In the television programme of West Germany from the 1960s to the 1980s, health magazines like Gesundheitsmagazin Praxis [Practice Health Magazine] (produced by ZDF)1 or ARD-Ratgeber: Gesundheit [ARD Health Advisor] played an important role in addressing health and disease as topics of public awareness. With their health magazine Visite [Doctor’s rounds], East German television, too relied on continuous coverage and reporting in the field. On the example of above magazines, this paper will examine the history, design and function of health communication in magazine-type formats. Before the background of the changes in media policy experienced over three decades and the different media systems in the then two Germanys, it will discuss the question of whether television was able to move health relevant topics and issues into public consciousness.

The Bastion of Christendom

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-304
Author(s):  
Orsolya Száraz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
And Function ◽  
The University ◽  
Meaning And Function

The Institute of Hungarian Literary and Cultural Studies at the University of Debrecen formed a research group in 2010 in order to launch the research of Hungarian realms of memory. This paper was written within the frameworks of the research group. Its basic hypothesis is that the identification of Hungary as the Bastion of Christendom is an established part of Hungarian collective memory. This paper attempts to demonstrate the changes of this realm of memory, regarding its meaning and function, from its formation up to the present day.

Concept and components of the financial-investment maintenance of local governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Zenoviy Siryk
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
And Function

The issues related to the management of financial resources of territorial communities, financial independence of local governments and forming of efficient financial-investment policy to secure the balanced development of local communities and territories become of utmost importance in conditions of financial decentralization and administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine. The problem issues concerning the forming of financial-investment maintenance of local governance directly impact the capacity of a territorial community that should have financial, material, and other resources in the volumes sufficient to completely accomplish the tasks and function of local governments and provide social services to the population at the level stipulated by national standards. The forming of financial-investment maintenance of local governance is revealed to be directly influencing the capacity of a territorial community that should have financial, material, and other resources in the volumes sufficient to completely accomplish the tasks and function of local governments and provide social services to the population. The expansion of local governments’ competences and granting them greater independence are substantiated to be requiring more responsibility in the financial-investment policy implementation on the local level, forming of conditions to perform the economic activity, and develop businesses by all economic entities, and promoting favorable investment climate in the region. Based on the analysis of approaches to the definition of the nature of “financial maintenance” and “investment maintenance” in the context of the peculiarities of local governments’ activity, the paper suggests understanding the “financial-investment maintenance of local governance” as a set of opportunities and activities on distribution and use of financial resources and territories’ resources for the creation of conditions necessary for the efficient functioning of local governments and realization of their competences.

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