Slavery in the Middle Assyrian Period

The Middle Assyrian period (1500–1000 BCE) is used to describe the Northern Mesopotamian state, centered around the capital city Aššur (mod. Qalʿat Aš-Širqāṭ, Iraq). In the early years, Aššur was a small urban center of little political importance. However, as the neighboring state of Mitanni/Hanigalbat weakened, the local rulers were able to politically and militarily dominate Northern Mesopotamia. Due to the expanse of this, originally, small state, a strong administration was required to make the governance of the newly conquered regions possible. Over 3,000 cuneiform texts from the Assyrian administration were uncovered, of which 2,000 were from the two capital cities Aššur and Kār-Tukultī-Ninurta. Just as in any ancient state, slaves were a part of society. However, attestations of slaves are relatively uncommon, and most scholarly attention has gone to the related class of deportees and prisoners of war. Nonetheless, administrative documents such as loans provide us with sufficient information on debt and chattel slavery to make a number of observations on (semi) privately owned slaves.

UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY AND PROCESSES OF DECENTRALIZATION IN UKRAINE AND FOREIGN STATES: FEATURES OF CREATION AND FUNCTIONING

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the creation and functioning of a united territorial community in Ukraine and foreign countries. It is determined that the reform process in Ukraine at the legislative level is quite fast, but implementation is lagging behind in some places. It is determined that the European Union has a certain influence on the implementation of transformations in Ukraine. In addition, they are all aimed at ensuring the proper depth and pace of decentralization. At the local level, however, there is growing dissatisfaction with the chaos in decentralization and frustration with the lack of promised positive results, although decentralization has been going on for more than seven years. It is emphasized that in order to prepare the infrastructure, to achieve a real decentralization of power, which is now so much talked about in Ukraine, the neighboring state (which, incidentally, is often equated with Ukraine) Poland, worked long: it took only ten years to develop only decentralization plan. In the countries of "old" Europe, for example in Germany, the reform of local self-government (as a rule, took place within the framework of the reform of the administrative-territorial system) began in the 1960s and in some places continues to this day. However, there are states, of course, that have had several months or weeks to implement decentralization projects. It is concluded that if we compare the time limits of the formation of UTC in Ukraine and other countries, it is likely that the experience of the Republic of Poland, was used by Ukraine to some extent. Despite the fact that in Ukraine the process of UTC formation is essentially completed, the first elections were held in almost all of them. However, the ability of such UTCs to perform the role and functions defined by Ukrainian law remains unresolved. And in this case, the experience of Latvia, in the form of subsidies from the state budget - would be very appropriate for use in such decentralization processes.

Territorial differentiation of public sentiment in modern Georgia (the experience of sociological survey)

В конце октября 2020 г. в Грузии состоялись парламентские выборы. Стартовал очередной электоральный цикл. Что принесёт он в плане взаимоотношений России и Грузии? После окончания избирательной кампании был проведён социологический опрос среди жителей соседнего государства с целью выяснения их отношения к России, её потенциального влияния на избирательную кампанию, возможных путей развития взаимосвязей двух государств. Опираясь на результаты анкетирования, автор исследует наличие территориальной дифференциации общественного мнения по данным вопросам. Возможно ли выявить «эффект соседства» по отношению к России? Исследование является составной частью большого многолетнего проекта по изучению вероятной трансформации электорального поведения жителей пограничных с Россией государств. Автор приходит к выводу, что, несмотря на довольно серьезные политические противоречия между двумя государствами, существует большой потенциал добрососедских отношений, выражающийся в преобладающем позитивном общественном мнении по отношению к соседнему государству. Приграничные с Россией регионы Грузии не проявляют какой-либо особой лояльности. В работе также выявлены территориальные различия в общественном мнении по линии Север - Юг, которые требуют дополнительного исследования. At the end of October 2020, parliamentary elections took place in Georgia. Another electoral cycle has started. What will it bring in terms of bilateral relations between Russia and Georgia? After the end of the election campaign, a sociological survey was conducted among residents of the neighboring state in order to clarify their attitude towards Russia, its potential impact on the election campaign, and possible ways of developing relations between the two states. Based on the results of the survey, the author finds out whether there is a territorial differentiation of public opinion on these issues. Is it possible to identify the "neighborhood effect" in relation to Russia? The research paper is an integral part of a large multi-year project, which studies the probable transformation of the electoral behavior of residents of the states bordering Russia. The author comes to the conclusion that despite the existing considerable political contradictions between the two states, there is a great potential for good neighborhood relations, expressed in the prevailing positive public opinion regarding the neighboring state. The regions of Georgia bordering Russia do not demonstrates any particular loyalty. It was possible to identify territorial differences in public opinion along the North-South line, which require additional research.

Information and Policy Innovation in U.S. States

Information is a critically important, yet hard to measure, component on policy innovation across state governments. Widespread use of broadband has made it easier for governments to observe other actors, increasing the amount of policy information, while also diversifying the sources of information available to policymakers. This should translate into making governments more innovative over time and quicker to adapt to challenges. At the same time, the Internet may disrupt previous existing flows of information by decreasing the importance of geographic proximity and creating more nationalized or global information networks. We argue that the growth of broadband has made states more innovative over time, while also reducing the reliance on neighboring state adoptions for policy solutions as the information environment becomes both richer and more nationalized. We estimate a pooled event history analysis on hundreds of policies comparing the treatment period (2000–2016) with a control condition (last two decades of the 20th century) and find that states with higher broadband subscriptions are more innovative overall and less reliant on geographic contiguity for policy solutions. The growth of information flows due to digital communications has led to states becoming more innovative while also operating in a more nationalized network.

«Ukrainian Issue» in Russian Identity Policy

An analytic approach is designed to link foreign and identity policies reveals policymaker’s the worldviews and beliefs. Identifying a link makes it possible to understand a policy decision that cannot be explained by the rational choice or long-term interest categories. It is obvious that the decisions on annexation of Crimea, the resolution of the armed conflict in the East of Ukraine are difficult to explain only through the lens of geopolitical revanchism of the Russian Federation. The current state of Russian-Ukrainian relations is determined by the conflict of identities. Both Ukraine and the Russian Federation have departed from the logic of the post-Soviet state and are trying to create future-oriented political projects. In the armed conflict, the Ukrainian political project is building on an anti-Russian basis, and its success depends on further distance from Russia. The Russian political class also pursues a policy negativizing the image of a neighboring state, creating narratives about the artificiality of the modern Ukraine’s borders and the extreme weakness of its institutions (failed state). At the same time, it is actively promoting the idea of Ukrainians and Russians are «one people». This «big idea» is placed in official discourse to please the nationalists, does not so much justify the Putin’s actions in Ukraine, but shapes the future Russian policy in the «Ukrainian issue». Resolving identity conflicts will help to shape modern political nations that will define the geographical boundaries of their states. It is important for Ukraine that the Ukrainian political nation can influence the Russians’ perceptions the possible borders of their own state. Key words: identity; foreign policy; political nation; borders; narrative; official discourse; Ukraine; Russian Federation.

TURKEY'S INTERESTS IN IDLIB

The enclave of Idlib has become a battleground for terrorists supported by Ankara, although Erdogan does not stop talking about his peacefulness. In fact, we are talking about an attempt to annex part of the territory of a neighboring state.

Polish-Lithuanian Data of David Zamaray’s Azbukovnik and the Ukrainians in Patriarch Filaret’s Surroundings

In this article, we take a new look at the initiator of the campaign to prohibit the so-called “Lithuanian” books in the Moscow Tsardom in the first third of the 17th century on the basis of known sources. In addition to the extant documents and indisputable biographical facts, manuscript materials from the azbukovniks of Muscovite corrector David Zamaray are also involved to propose the hypothesis about the initiative in the prosecution of books from the neighboring state that came from Lithuanian emigrant Jozef Kurcewicz, who became archbishop of Suzdal and Tarusa in the Moscow Tsardom. The examination of vocabulary entries of these azbukovniks allows us to establish that some of them were borrowed from the “Lithuanian printing” books, coming to Moscow from the constant correspondent of Jozef Kurcewicz, Metropolitan of Kiev Job Boretsky (such as Homilies of John Chrysostom on the Acts of the Apostles (Kiev, 1624), John Chrysostom’s Homilies on 14 Epistles of Apostle Paul (Kiev, 1623)). We also show that the Kievan theologian Athanasius Kitaichich, who became the first among detractors of Didactic Gospel of Kyrylo Stavrovetsky-Tranquillion, was under the patronage of Jozef Kurcewicz and could reflect his point of view on this book.

PROJECT-ORIENTED MANAGEMENT PECULIARITIES OF TRANSBORDER OPERATIONAL RESCUE UNITS

Introduction. Effective activity on transborder territories of the nearby states envisages the observance of the proper strength security both on border crossings and in building and premises located on the both sides of the border. Indisputa-bly, location of buildings and their amount is differed within the limits of those or other border crossings. Besides, active public activity on a border is changeable in time. Sufficient strength of this process security is supported by the rescue units provided with the proper amount of personnel and equipment. Transborder emergencies often happen. In most cases rescue units of one state do not have a necessary amount of own forces and facilities. It predetermines the necessity of employing the additional forces and facilities from other state. Obviously, it determines a necessity of realization the projects of crea-tion of transborder rescue units. Their realization requires attraction of additional backlogs and taking into account a turbu-lent project environment, that, in turn, needs the development of projects dealing with creation and functioning of inter-governmental rescue units. Their realization needs the use of the system approach to the management with taking into account of specific of project environment. In particular, realization of projects of creation and functioning of transborder rescue units needs the concordance of operating intergovernmental legislatively-normative acts. Thus there is a row of administrative tasks on each of the stages of such projects’ lifecycles. Thus, in the conditions, when the amount and the scales of technogenic catastrophes on transborder territories increase, realization of projects of creation and functioning of transborder rescue units is the very actual task of present time and there is a necessity of development of models and meth-ods of the project-oriented management for creation and functioning of intergovernmental rescue units.Aim. It is the purpose of argumentation the features of the project-oriented management as the basis of develop-ment of methods and models of corresponding projects frames activity realization.Methods. Studies are conducted with the use of methods and models of the project-oriented management in rela-tion to the dual fire-fighting system.Results. In the article the problem of development of models and methods of the project-oriented management dealing with creation and functioning of transborder rescue units is outlined in the process of realization of corresponding60 Вісник ЛДУБЖД, №19, 2019projects. For the decision of the outlined problem a conceptually new schema of intercommunications in the projects of rescue units creation was offered:– core of project, which consists of transborder projects of technogenic safety on the transborder territories, devel-opment of scientific innovations in the civil defence, cooperation of rescue units and government bodies. In general the internal environment of the project of creation of rescue unit will include such constituents as:– financing mechanism of the project (the main point here is the project budget, costs for the control and preven-tion of emergencies in the transborder areas, management of rescue units, which is characterized by a team of trained, skilled workers); social status (defined by providing standard living conditions for all participants involved in the pro-ject, including social security, wage provision, and rest conditions); authorities of neighboring states (providing various support to all project participants on the part of the leadership of both states); information system and control system (compliance with control and fulfillment of all tasks assigned to the project).It is established that the project of creation of transborder rescue units contains components that can be imple-mented as separate sub-projects. Preferably there can be four such sub-projects:- the project of attracting additional internal forces and means;- the project of attracting additional internal forces and facilities at the border of the neighboring state;- the project of attracting additional internal forces and means of the neighboring state;- the project of attracting additional internal forces and means of several states.Conclusions. According to the results of the work, the following conclusions can be drawn:1. The analysis of the structure works projects establishment and operation of cross-border operational and rescue units made it possible to highlight the defining components that affect the efficiency of relevant projects and reduce time to implement them (duration emergency situations).2. It is established that the efficiency of cross-border projects of the rescue units creation is derived from the ap-proval process of interaction and professionalism of both countries, as well as project design and their turbulent project environment.3. The results of the studies are the basis of development and improvement of models and methods of project man-agement dealing with creation and functioning of transborder rescue units, which should be based on modeling their ac-tions and predicting turbulent project environment.

Sinetron Indonesia Menuju Perkembangan Sebagai Sarana Media Massa

Soap ope ras, better known as electronic cinema or teledrama, play a major role in society in understanding this real or real life and plugging in frames / images of thought in the future. In preparing for a global era and an increasingly advanced industrial society and intense competition in the global market, Indonesian soap operas must be able to play its role. Along with the increasing number of private TV sets, quantitatively Indonesian soap operas experienced a very proud development and also gave a variety of nuances, however the quality of Indonesian soap operas has only recently developed. Indonesian soap operas must consider the elements of education, entertainment, the real problems of society and the way they are done, such as the DKI reborn Warkop film which has a classic feel but is still interesting as a television broadcast that is comedy and educating. Actually, if we want to emulate a very educational cartoon film such as Upin and Ipin, Shiva even though the results of neighboring state products contain a message of education and a very high moral message, Indonesian children love cartoon films like this, besides being funny, educating , raising local culture, and introducing the name of a particular place. Indonesian television shows are still dominated by shows that are beyond human reach. How much television is still mystical like in the Antv program, almost every day cannot be separated from mystical shows (Eyes of the Dark, Penetrating the inner eye, GGS and others).